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The Journey web app is fully featured. Pick up where you left off, archive old courses, take notes, highlight, and answer questions from any device, even offline!

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The original Blue, Green, and Red years of The Journey serve as your starting point when customizing your Journey curriculum in the app.

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The Answer and Life Issues booklets are part of the original curriculum and are not included in this purchase. If you are using the original Blue, Green, or Red, you will want to use these each year as your group becomes more missional. You can purchase them using the links provided.

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The Journey curriculum is a gospel-centered resource for discipleship groups. Three full years of curriculum are available, and each year contains in-depth leader’s guides and discipleship content to help disciple makers develop mature followers of Christ, who will be able to do the same with others.

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The Journey is a Gospel-centered resource that is designed to help a disciple maker develop mature and equipped followers of Christ, who will be able to do the same with others.

The material is designed to be used over one year in a discipleship group setting. There are three different years of material identified as Green, Red, and Blue, which can be used in any order. However, be sure that you are using the same color as the rest of the journey group and/or church.

A subscription to one year of the journey curriculum gives rights for one person to access a downloadable PDF and other digital resources for one year. The digital resources include a mixed media offering of written, audio, and video materials.

The Answer  and Life Issues booklets are part of the overall journey curriculum and not included in this purchase. You will use these each year as you and your group becomes more missional. You will be given the option to add these to your purchase in your cart after you add The Journey.

All Journey subscription lesson files are digital and require a PDF reader. Download AdobeReader® for free at  http://get.adobe.com/reader/ . If you are using a tablet or a smart phone, you may have to add a PDF Reader App.

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An excellent choice for someone considering The Journey or needing a shorter 6-week study. Shop the Gospel Living now and prime yourself for The Journey.

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Finding Your Million Dollar Mate

This whole marriage thing is intriguing, isn't it? No matter the culture or time in history, marriage is a huge deal and ought to be treated as such. But finding the ideal mate is so difficult, especially these days. What if you could find the perfect mate, someone you could live with the rest of your life, who would meet all your longings and expectations? That would be priceless! In this book, Randy Pope presents the six key principles for finding your "million dollar mate." You will find your perceptions challenged, your standards heightened, and your hopes lifted.

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journey & destination

An australian living book: all the green year by don charlwood (1965).

All the Green Year by Don Charlwood is an Australian coming of age classic set during the year of 1929. The story takes place around the Port Philip Bay area of Victoria in the fictionalised town of Kananook, which was modelled on the real town of Frankston when it was still rural. 1929 was the end of an era. It was still the age of silent pictures where ‘mood music’ was played during a movie by a pianist and the American accent was seldom heard. It was the age of gramophones, coppers for boiling clothes, blacksmiths, cable trams, and milkmen delivering milk into billies outside everyone’s gate. By 1930 this began to change with the coming of talking pictures.

‘Now alien speech poured into our ears: in musicals, westerns, gang warfare, smart comedy. Implicit in my story of boyhood in 1929 would be the suggestion that our era had been much less Americanised than those to come.’

Charlie Reeve narrates the story which mostly revolves around his best mate, Johnno, school, family life, boyish adventures and hijinks. 1929 was the year Charlie turned fourteen and started 8th Grade at school. It was also the year when his grandfather’s mental state worsened and Charlie’s family moved into ‘Thermopylae,’ Grandfather’s house on the cliffs, to take care of him.

This is a memorable story of adolescence, adventure and family friction at the beginning of the Great Depression. Fathers worried about their sons, their school grades and future prospects with the downturn in the economy, and this inflamed the conflicts at home. Both sides in the conflict misunderstood the other or just couldn’t relate to their concerns and attitudes. It didn’t help that Charlie & Johnno’s teacher, Mr Moloney, targeted the two of them and made life and learning generally miserable.

‘After five grades together this was my last year with Fred Johnston, a tall, melancholy boy of extraordinary physique…head and shoulders above everyone else, as a swimmer and boxer hardly anyone in the town could touch him. He had learnt boxing from his father who at one time during the war had been R.A.N. welter-weight champion… About Johnno himself there was a contradiction I have never forgotten. He had practically no physical fear, yet he was always afraid of his father and of old Moloney… His fear of both of them went back a long way; back, I suppose, to the third grade when Johnno had lost his mother. About a year after that Moloney, in a temper, had hit Johnno across the face with the strap. Johnno had gone home and told his father and old man Johnston had given him a note to bring to school. But the note only told Moloney to give him more for not taking his punishment like a man.’

During the year, Miss Beckenstall, a new, young and pretty teacher replaced Moloney, and Charlie and Johnno began to enjoy school and do well. She encouraged them with their writing, and read poetry and David Copperfield with them, giving each of the students parts to read.

‘“Don’t like being Steerforth,” said Johnno. “Look what he’s done to Little Emily.”

I wasn’t sure what he’d done to Little Emily; in any case Little Emily was being read by Janet Baker, who had nothing to recommend her.

“A chap’s really bad if he’s tough on women,” said Johnno gazing into the distance…

“She’s only in a book.”

He hadn’t heard me. “I’d drop Steerforth cold.” He punched the air absent-mindedly.’

Charlie’s grandfather and his antics were portrayed so well as was the family’s attitude towards him. It was refreshing to read about their sense of duty in their care towards him, making difficult decisions in order to keep him in his own home. He wasn’t an easy fellow to live with. There were many humorous anecdotes throughout the book: stealing a camel and riding it to school, antagonising a bull, fist-fights with the town bully; the two boys reluctantly escorting Johnno’s sister to a dance and ‘defending her honour’ as they were directed to do by her father; but the author also portrayed the pain and discomfiture of boys moving from childhood to adolescence; their physical and emotional upheavals, as if they were recent experiences for himself.

When two of Australia’s foremost critics commented that the first part of All the Green Year read as a ‘book about boys’ but the second part read like ‘a book for boys,’ the author replied, ‘I was writing as an adult repossessed by boyhood and that the state of ‘repossession’ intensified as the book neared its climax so that, briefly, I shed my age and became in spirit a boy again.’ I think this expresses the feel of the book well. Charlwood sounds like he’s looking back at events that just happened.

All the Green Year is an evocative novel that is wonderfully Australian. It is honest, compassionate, humorous, sad at times, and a compelling read. It was one of those Aussie classics that I knew about but I’d never seen in book shops. A while ago, I noticed that Erin had used it as a read aloud and their family enjoyed it so I had a look for it online. I saw that it had been republished by Text Classics so I bought a copy. (They have reprinted some other worthwhile books.)

We’re using it this year in our Ambleside Online Year 10, which I have modified a fair bit for Australia. It had been read in high schools here for twenty years but has suffered the same fate as other noteworthy classics such as I Can Jump Puddles. Don Charlwood’s writing career spanned more than eighty years and he was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 1992 for services to Australian Literature. He served in Bomber Command during the Second World War and later wrote several books about his experiences during this time. He died in 2012 aged ninety-six.

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14 thoughts on “ an australian living book: all the green year by don charlwood (1965) ”.

This sounds worth the read. Coming of age stories are so common in literature. Yet they can still make for great stories and books. There is something universal in their appeal. Young people dealing with bullies, as you mention is part of this story, is an example of one of the elements that comes up again and again that so many people can relate to. Great review of this book.

Such an interesting era in Aussie history. Thanks for bringing this book to our attention. Don Charlwood sure lived a long life, and it sounds like All the Green Year is full of authenticity from his memory.

I’ve never heard of it, thanks for bringing it to my attention.

Hi Brian, there are certainly some things that never seem to change. One of my sisters & myself had a female version of Moloney in primary (elementary) school. It was a memorable time for all the wrong reasons.

Hi Paula, I’ve really loved the Australian books I’ve read that were set around the Great Depression. I think the people then had to ve resilient and this instilled some unique virtues.

You’re welcome, Shelleyrae. 🙂

So glad to see you are reading this 🙂 We really enjoyed it, great memories. PS really love your new blog look and profile description too 🙂

Hi Erin, yes, it's a great book. Thanks for the feedback re my new blog look. Moozle did the art work.

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I’ve seen this on the Text classics lists over the years, but was not familiar with the story or author at all. It sounds like it was ‘of it’s time’. Books that cater so specifically for just one gender are not very useful for co-ed schools anymore, unless they are studying the time period in question. Not sure I can think of many others with a Depression era setting though….

Golden Fiddles by Mary Grant Bruce is set during the Depression.

And of course Ruth Park’s Harp in the South, but that’s only suitable for older teens

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Brian Austin Green and Megan Fox Welcome Son Journey River

The actors welcomed their third child together on Thursday

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It’s another boy for Megan Fox and Brian Austin Green!

The couple welcomed their third child together, son Journey River Green , on Thursday, Aug. 4, PEOPLE confirms.

Born at 11 p.m. in Los Angeles, Journey joins big brothers Noah Shannon , 3½, and Bodhi Ransom , 2, as well as 14-year-old Kassius , Green’s son from a previous relationship.

Sources close to Fox, 30, and Green, 43, confirmed news of the actress’ pregnancy in April. That same month, she stepped out at CinemaCon in Las Vegas to promote her film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows , sporting a visible baby bump.

Want all the latest pregnancy and birth announcements, plus celebrity mom blogs? Click here to get those and more in the PEOPLE Babies newsletter .

Though Fox filed for divorce from Green — whom she has been with for more than 10 years — in August 2015, sources close to Green insist they have called off their split.

“Brian and Megan are living together in Malibu with their boys,” a source told PEOPLE in July. “They have been getting along and seem very happy. They are just waiting for the baby to arrive.”

In April, Fox and Green were photographed holding hands on the beach during a family vacation in Hawaii, where they were married in 2010 . They’ve also been spotted out together many times since, from celebrating Fox’s 30th birthday to romantic dinner dates , to lunch outings with their two older sons.

In May, Fox joked to Jimmy Kimmel that she sensed her then-unborn son was a “super genius,” in the same vein as engineers Elon Musk and Wernher von Braun .

“This baby [wants] me to live somewhere else, so we’re moving to a whole different place in Los Angeles because I feel like that’s where this baby wants to be raised,” she said at the time.

E! News was first to report the birth .

— Jen Juneau with reporting by Kate Coyne

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The following files are samples of units and videos included in the Journey Curriculum. Click on the name to see/listen.

Orientation:

Reviewing The Journey Orientation provides an overall understanding of life-on-life missional discipleship (LOLMD) and how Journey discipleship groups are structured and function.

• Journey Orientation

Snapshots of The Journey subscriptions in syllabus-type format – each subscription includes 28 weekly units of course materials, beginning each year with Gospel Living

• 3 Year Overview  (view how all 3 years fit together)
• Blue Year Overview
• Green Year Overview
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Detailed listing of all assignments for each Journey subscription

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Weekly Units:

A variety of weekly lessons found in a Journey subscription

• A Commitment to the Local Church  (Blue, Grace Commitments, Unit 3)
• Glory: Why We Embrace Christ  (Blue/Green/Red, Gospel Living, Unit 1)
• God’s Forgiveness  (Red, Knowing God, Unit 3)
• Accepting Suffering, Part I  (Green, Biblical Worldview, Unit 4)
• The Mystery of Marriage  (Green, Healthy Marriage, Unit 2)
• Your Home As A Mission  (Blue, God Honoring Parenting, Unit 3)

Equipping Videos by Randy Pope:

Each week has an equipping video by Journey author Randy Pope.

• Suffering, Part I  (Green, Biblical Worldview, Unit 4)

Audio by Randy Pope:

Some weekly lessons include audio files. Here’s one example:

• Know, Consider, Present (Walking in the Spirit)

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Honoring a global trailblazer: James B. Karugu ‘62 given a posthumous honorary doctorate during BGSU 2024 Spring Commencement

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Karugu, one of the first African students to study at BGSU, became Kenya’s second attorney general and a prosperous coffee farmer. His daughter traveled to accept the honor.

#1 University in Ohio for Student Experience

Innovative engineering degrees, #1 public university in the midwest students would choose again for the fourth consecutive year.

As Bowling Green State University prepares for its 2024 Spring Commencement, a poignant moment of recognition will take place during the ceremonies.

This year, BGSU will posthumously bestow an honorary Doctor of Public Service degree upon James B. Karugu '62, a distinguished alumnus and Kenya’s second attorney general. Karugu’s remarkable journey from BGSU to the corridors of power in Kenya serves as an enduring testament to the transformative power of education.

“As a public university for the public good, BGSU is honored to posthumously recognize alumnus James Karugu,” BGSU President Rodney K. Rogers said. “A steadfast public servant and a former attorney general of the Republic of Kenya, Mr. Karugu demonstrated such a meaningful commitment to serve others and to make communities better. We are proud to posthumously award him an honorary doctorate of public service.”

Karugu’s legacy stands as an inspiring example of what can be achieved through higher education, perseverance and a global perspective. The honorary degree celebrates his exceptional contributions to the legal field, his unwavering commitment to justice and his enduring legacy. His daughter, Vicky Karugu, will be present to accept the honorary degree on his behalf, honoring a Falcon whose impact reverberates across continents.

The journey to BGSU

Karugu’s late 1950s journey from the rural landscapes of Kenya to the BGSU campus was driven by his unquenchable thirst for knowledge and a desire to excel. Born with a natural curiosity and a tenacious spirit, Karugu’s academic prowess quickly became evident during his formative years in Kenya. As he navigated his educational path, he became increasingly aware of the opportunities that awaited him beyond his home country’s borders.

Kenya was still under British colonial rule and in the midst of an intense struggle for independence. In a biographical sketch collected through interviews by BGSU geography professor and Global Village Director Dr. Kefa Otiso and Dr. Ng’ang’a Irungu, Karugu recalled the moment he realized that the law would be the passion to drive him:

“I once was a young boy with dusty, bare feet, and clothed in the uniform of St. Peter Claver Primary School as I sat in the public gallery of the High Court of Kenya. I was there to support my father in a legal dispute. Looking down in fascination at the men in wooly white wigs arguing away eloquently; at ease with incomprehensible legal jargon and Latin phrases. Just like few of us will experience love at first sight, few will experience passion and meaning at first experience,” he wrote.

Karugu attended the prestigious Holy Ghost College Mangu in Thika, Kenya, where he was shaped by the school's strict code of ethics, discipline and character. He credits his early education - and his school's distinctive uniform - as the catalyst for learning about studying in America and discovering BGSU. "A former deputy mayor of Nairobi, Mr. Mark Kaigwa, noticed me in my uniform as I stood waiting for a bus for home one evening. ... A former Mangu student himself, he took me under his wing and encouraged me to pursue my dream," Karugu recalled. "He introduced me to Dr. Julius Kiano, who held a Ph.D. from UC Berkeley (the first Kenyan ever to do so). Dr. Kiano further emboldened me, advising me to visit the American Embassy in Nairobi for more information about studying in America."

Academic excellence and cultural exchange

Myriad formative experiences helped shaped Karugu during his time as a student at BGSU and his arrival signaled a new chapter in the University's global engagement, bridging cultures and fostering understanding.

Karugu’s academic pursuits were fueled by an insatiable curiosity. His political science studies challenged him intellectually, but it was the vibrant exchange of ideas within the University’s diverse student body that truly enriched his education.

As president of the International Students’ Society, he found himself at the intersection of cultures, organizing events, sharing stories and building lasting friendships. The wooly white wigs of the High Court of Kenya were replaced by spirited debates in BGSU classrooms, where he honed his legal acumen and developed a global perspective.

Beyond the classroom: Jobs, service and community

Karugu’s journey extended beyond textbooks and lecture halls. He worked tirelessly, taking on various campus jobs — from janitorial duties to operating the campus switchboard. His commitment to hard work mirrored the ethos of BGSU, where students were encouraged to engage actively in their own education.

As he balanced academics and employment, he also babysat for another future BGSU legacy alumnus. In what would be an early meeting of iconic BGSU alumni, Karugu babysat future Olympian Scott Hamilton when Hamilton's father, Dr. Ernest Hamilton, head of the University’s biology department, and his wife, Dorothy, offered Karugu free room and board in exchange for the duty.

"It was a tough job. I didn't know how to cook anything," Karugu relayed with a chuckle to John Kamau of Kenya's Nation Media Group in 2018. These experiences shaped him, teaching him resilience, adaptability and the value of community.

Attorney general to coffee entrepreneur

Karugu’s journey to BGSU was not only a personal achievement but also a testament to the power of international partnerships. His graduation in 1962 marked a historic milestone for both BGSU and Kenya. Equipped with his degree, Karugu returned to Kenya and embarked on a distinguished legal career. He rose through the ranks, eventually becoming Kenya’s second attorney general.

As attorney general, Karugu faced significant challenges, including combating corruption within the judiciary. His commitment to justice and integrity left an indelible mark on Kenya’s legal landscape. His legal legacy serves as a beacon for future generations, demonstrating that education, perseverance and a global perspective can transform lives and shape nations.

After his tenure as attorney general, Karugu embarked on a new chapter — one that took him away from the corridors of power and into the serene landscapes of his Kiamara coffee farm in the outskirts of Kiambu town. Here, amidst the rustling coffee plants and the rich Kenyan soil, Karugu found solace and purpose. His decision to retreat from public life was deliberate, driven by a desire for an honest living and a connection to the land.

Kiamara Farm, historical and expansive, became more than a source of sustenance; it symbolized resilience and self-sufficiency. Karugu, alongside his wife, Margaret (now late), and their four children — Vicky, Mwaura, Rose and Githara —tended to the coffee plants, the rhythm of farm life replacing the hustle and bustle of Nairobi.

Recognition and legacy

In 2010, BGSU recognized Karugu as one of its top 100 alumni. His impact extended far beyond the University’s borders.

In her recent letter of support, Dr. Ellen Schendel, dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, aptly captured his influence:

“By setting out to gain a college education from BGSU, Mr. Karugu created a path for many other African students to take, including other young people from Kenya. He is thus the first of a whole community of Falcon alumni who are forever a part of BGSU while living, working and creating good in Kenya.”

Dr. Marc Simon, chair of the Department of Political Science, emphasized Karugu’s character and suitability for this honorary degree:

“Mr. Karugu has demonstrated not only a stellar career in law and public service in Kenya but also the work ethic, integrity and strength of character that are important for an honorary degree candidate at BGSU.”

Otiso, BGSU professor and fellow Kenyan, highlighted the University’s global impact through Karugu:

“By rising to become Kenya’s second attorney general, Mr. Karugu also proves that BGSU has long been A Public University for the Public Good in Ohio, the U.S. and across the globe.”

In his own words in 2010, Karugu reflected on the transformative power of his BGSU education:

“I must take this opportunity to record my deep, profound and heartfelt gratitude to BGSU, not only for hosting me as a foreign student but in changing my life completely, from a village herd boy to a successful lawyer and farmer.”

Karugu passed away on Nov. 10, 2022, but his impact endures. His story reminds us the pursuit of knowledge knows no boundaries, and the seeds planted at BGSU continue to bear fruit across continents.

Through this honorary degree, BGSU pays tribute to a trailblazer who blazed a path from Kenya to Ohio and back, exemplifying the impact of higher education, resilience and global connections.

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Media Contact | Michael Bratton | [email protected] | 419-372-6349

Updated: 04/27/2024 07:57AM

What Detroit’s soaring draft crowds could mean for Green Bay in 2025:

G REEN BAY, Wis. – With 275,000 fans estimated to be at the 2024 NFL Draft in Detroit, Green Bay can only imagine what the scene will look like in a year’s time as the vast crowd on the big screen revels in the future of football.

“When you add it all up, there’s probably 80,000 people that are not always in town [for a game]. This will be larger,” sports economist and St. Norbert College dean of business and economics Kevin Quinn said. “I think 200,000 people, at any one time, probably 150,000 people. If you can imagine 150,000 people in the streets around Lambeau Field, that is going to look like quite the spectacle.”

Where will they all fit, as Green Bay’s Lambeau Field has a capacity of 82,000?

“My guess is that they’ll want it outside. The shot where you have the statues is really something,” Quinn said of his thoughts on the placement of the draft stage in front of the stadium. “That whole area around Lambeau has turned into quite the entertainment district. But 150,000 or 200,000 people in town swamp the size of the town.”

Quinn is confident that the NFL will organize the draft well to accommodate Green Bay’s accommodations.

“They have a whole staff of people that know how to take care of this, so while it’s going to be an interesting thing to see, I am certain it’s going to come off very well,” Quinn said. “The NFL has done an excellent job of turning this off-season thing into a major event that crowds out baseball, basketball, hockey.”

For local businesses, Quinn says it is never too early to begin preparing.

“How are these businesses going to hire enough people to come in and do this work? We already have a very low unemployment rate, and the service industry is always looking for people to hire. If I were a business owner, I’d already be looking at ways to bring people in to come and work,” he said. “They’re staying in hotel rooms, eating in bars and restaurants, etc. That money is largely going to stay in this community. All the people that get paid in these restaurants and bars, it will be noticeable.”

Quinn pointed out that in 2021, Sheboygan bussed in temporary workers for the Ryder Cup.

For the latest news, weather, sports, and streaming video, head to WFRV Local 5 - Green Bay, Appleton.

How an ancient water tunnel design is cooling 21st-century streets

In Seville, 3,000-year-old underground technology is being transformed in modern day air-conditioning.

Last summer, temperatures in the southern Spanish city of Seville hit more than 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). The heatwave was so intense it earned itself a name: Heatwave Yago, the city’s second named event in two years.

Seville, among other cities in Europe and around the world, is facing temperatures that it was not built to handle. In the summer of 2022, extreme heat melted railway lines and airport tarmac in London, England. In July 2023, Germans started considering midday siestas to escape the sweltering heat.

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As temperatures soar, cities accustomed to cooler temperatures are seeking ways to adapt that avoid relying on energy-intensive solutions like air conditioning.

A small research group in Seville is taking inspiration from ancient Middle Eastern cultures that learned to live with the heat before electricity could provide respite.

Some see their efforts as honouring the wisdom of ancient thinkers, while others say that these old systems are far more than a technology – they reflect a mindset of sustainability that today’s world is desperately trying to resurrect.

‘Special relationship between humans and nature’

Majid Labbaf Khaneiki is one of a handful of experts helping bring 3,000-year-old underground aqueduct technology, called qanats, to the modern world.

Early qanat tunnels, which were built manually with picks and shovels, appeared in China, Oman, the United Arab Emirates and Afghanistan. However, scholars estimate the first qanat was born in the early first millennium in Persia, and then spread to arid regions throughout the world.

The ancient system is made up of a network of underground canals – 20 to 200 metres below the desert’s surface – that transport water from higher altitudes to lower ones. Built on a slight slope, the canals use gravity to transport the water. A series of well-like vertical shafts allow for access and maintenance.

From above, the system looks like thousands of lined-up anthills winding through the desert. The real excitement happens underground where the water is collected before it travels through the canals.

Khaneiki, a 49-year-old professor in archaeohydrology at the University of Nizwa in Oman, has spent his entire career studying ancient tunnels that carry water under the surface of arid and semi-arid environments. He grew up in a house filled with history books and a father with a passion for archaeology.

Khaneiki’s family hails from a small arid village in Eastern Iran called Kanek – the linguistic root of his last name. Khaneiki spent some summers there growing up. “The only water that supplied that village was the qanat,” he says, adding that it ran directly through the village, allowing it to become an oasis of green in the middle of the desert.

“The qanat was actually a congregation point for people. I remember I met other children exactly at the place and we used to play there,” he says. “The qanat system goes hand-in-hand with social interaction. Maybe that’s why I’m so interested in it, because it is sort of an intrinsic part of my identity and personality.”

Khaneiki has kind eyes, and his conviction in qanats as systems of the future — not just the past — is emphatic. “My last name should have been qanat builder,” he says with a laugh. In the course of a few minutes, he rattles off modern qanat projects in Azerbaijan, Spain and Pakistan.

He explains how different the process of building these qanats is compared with the collaborative effort of ancient systems. For example, in Azerbaijan, the government built a new qanat using modern machinery in order to bring more jobs and resources to communities outside the populated cities and assuage internal migration. “This was a very top-down managerial way of doing it,” he says. “In the past, it was bottom-up”.

“The qanat system is not only tunnels in the ground,” Khaneiki says. “It is a lifestyle.”

The ancient qanat system enabled irrigation in desert environments, allowed for agriculture to flourish and fostered community cooperation. It is seen as the basis for decentralised water management in Iran, and a more sustainable solution to modern pumping and dams.

“Qanats are one of the oldest notions of a company in the world,” says Negar Sanaan Bensi, a lecturer and researcher in the faculty of architecture at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. “They are based on a huge shareholding system” that requires different people living in a region to work together and use the water resources available.

It worked similarly to how a startup does today. A couple of people came together to start digging with hand-held tools for water. Once they got what they needed, more people would join and expand the tunnel, and take their share of the resources. Over time this spread throughout the country, with each municipality managing their local qanat. “They started with four or five people,” says Khaneiki. “But in the end they had hundreds of people cooperating.”

Khaneiki is now looking at how qanats are being used for new purposes and new forms – not for irrigation and cultivation, but for tourism and architectural purposes, he says, pointing to their traditional design and cultural significance, and the designation of some qanats as UNESCO tourism sites. China, which has 800 qanat systems, has built a museum explaining the history and engineering of the different systems. There are also statues of qanat builders digging tunnels with a pickaxe or collecting soil.

“They [qanats] are also coming back to life for the purposes of climate change,” Khaneiki says.

How the old is being made new

Thousands of kilometres away from the arid regions of the Middle East, and even farther away from China, scientists Jose Sanchez Ramos and Servando Alvarez are using the concept of qanats to provide an oasis in the city of Seville.

As part of a city initiative to find solutions to rising temperatures, Ramos and Alvarez were given the opportunity to choose a location to experiment with bringing down temperatures in an outdoor space without relying on energy-intensive technologies.

One of those options was on La Isla de La Cartuja, an area northwest of the centre of Seville. The neighbourhood was once the location of the 1992 Seville Exposition, which drew 41 million visitors. Although the city has made some attempts to urbanise the space, these days it looks largely abandoned, with overgrown shrubbery, cracked sidewalks and a decrepit monorail station.

However, the area is home to a research and development complex that employs 15,000 people, a football stadium and the International University of Andalucía (UNIA). An abandoned amphitheatre used in the Expo has become the centre of Ramos and Alvarez’s work.

The project, named CartujaQanat , is modelled after the Persian qanat system and seeks to cool the ground temperature of a space the size of two soccer fields by 6 to 7 degrees Celcius within La Isla de La Cartuja.

Partially funded by the European Union’s Urban Innovative Actions (UIA) office, this 5-million-euro ($5.1m) project involves a channel 20 metres underground that will carry water – but the purpose is not to transport that water.

Vertical vents along the canal drive the coolness of the water upwards, allowing it to reduce the ground temperature. “The key to the climate control techniques is the day-night cycle,” says Ramos.

During the nighttime, the water underground – about 140 cubic metres [36,984 cubic gallons] – cools off with the naturally low temperatures. Some of the water is pumped up and sent to the roof of the amphitheatre, which is covered in solar panels. Nozzles fan out the water on top of the panels, creating what’s called a “falling film”. This mechanism helps expedite the cooling process by reducing the depth of the water and allowing it to cool faster in the low outdoor temperatures.

During the day, solar-powered pumps push cooled water above ground where it gets funnelled through small pipes and pushed in front of fans that spray the cool air into the ground floor of the amphitheatre. Outside, a separate set of nozzles in small pools of water spray mist into the air, cooling by evaporation.

Other elements help to keep the temperatures down: Vegetation planted on the inside walls cools via transpiration (excess water from leaves evaporates into the air), trees provide shade outside, and the roof is painted a heat-reflecting white.

The creators are hoping the space will become a communal point for university students and people who work at nearby companies. “The project aims to bring life back on the street,” says Ramos. “This will provide climatic refuge while allowing both shelter in the middle of the summer and the possibility of continuing to organise outdoor activities in the hot months.”

Alvarez says that the area should be completed by June, just in time for the summer when Spain experiences its highest temperatures.

A cool future

Ramos and Alvarez met more than 30 years ago when Ramos was one of Alvarez’s students at the University of Seville. “He asked good questions,” says Alvarez. “The people that pose interesting problems to me in the classroom are the people who I try to recruit for the future.”

Since then they have been working together to cool down Seville. In the 1990s, they developed wind tunnels along Seville’s avenues, taking inspiration from a Persian wind catcher called a bagdir, a tower with openings at the top that catch the wind and channel it downwards.

Alvarez says that they often look to other countries for solutions, especially those that have been dealing with intense heat for centuries.

For example, modern Moroccan buildings are being designed to include large north-facing windows and smaller south-facing windows that bring in natural light while maximising cooling. Los Angeles in the United States, and Ahmedabad in India, are using a new type of white paint to reflect up to 98.1 percent of sunlight and absorb UV light, which helps to combat urban heat and reduce energy consumption. White reflective paint has been used for centuries in Morocco and Greece, earning one famous city the name “Casablanca” (white house).

“[The Arab world] did it because they needed to … either you move or you die or you find something to cool your buildings. And they found something,” says Alvarez. “[CartujaQanat] is really a tribute to them,” he adds.

The team has already started applying some of their learnings to other parts of Seville.

“Bioclimatic” bus stops, which use a smaller-scale version of the CartujaQanat approach, are being installed in time for summer. Inside the shelter, air that has been cooled by a closed water system is pumped out via tiny holes, powered by solar panels on the roof – similar to a refrigerator,” Sanchez told local newspaper Sur last summer. He and Khaneiki say that they hope to have more citizen participation as the project moves forward

The efforts in Seville are a modern-day reimagining of the systems built thousands of years ago, Khaneiki says. “These are qanats built for modern people by modern people. This is a resurrection of qanats in the new era.”