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SEVP made every effort to provide complete answers to these common questions. However, each person’s individual circumstances differ. So while these questions and answers serve as a general guide, they may not provide all the information you need to determine whether it is appropriate to travel or whether U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will re-admit you to the United States. You can contact your designated school official, officials at your embassy or consulate or your legal counsel for further assistance.

Please remember that the CBP officer at the port of entry decides whether to admit non-immigrants into the United States. The facts and circumstances presented at the time you apply to enter are the basis of this decision. SEVP cannot guarantee that CBP will admit or re-admit you into the United States.

Travel Re-entry: F Visa

Re-entry for f-1 non-immigrants travelling outside the united states for five months or fewer.

This section of the FAQ applies to continuing F-1 students who travel outside the United States for five months or less.

Students should consult their Designated School Official (DSO) prior to travelling. Your DSO generally works in the International Student Office. You must have a current SEVIS Form I-20 endorsed for travel and your DSO needs to be able to verify that your SEVIS record is accurate and up-to-date.

What are the basic requirements for an F-1 to re-enter the United States after travelling abroad on pleasure or personal business?

• A Form I-20, endorsed for travel and signed by your DSO
• You have been out of the United States for less than five months
• A current passport valid for at least six months after the date of your reentry or, if you are from one of the countries listed below, a passport that is current through the date of entry
• A valid, current visa or you travelled to contiguous country or adjacent island for less than thirty days
• Financial information showing proof of necessary funds to cover tuition and living expenses

If you are from a visa exempt country, you do not need a visa to reenter the United States from the western hemisphere, but make sure that you present your I-20 to be admitted as an F-1 student and not a visitor.

What if I have an expired passport or one that will expire in less than six months?

You must renew your passport before re-entering the United States. In most cases, to enter the United States, you must have a passport that is valid for at least six months after the date you enter or re-enter.

However, the countries listed below have an agreement with the United States that allows you to enter on a current passport up to the actual date of expiration.

Try to keep your passport current at all times. You need to determine your country’s requirements and timelines for renewing passports. Many countries will allow you to renew your passport while in the United States. The other alternative is to renew your passport when you return home for a visit.

In some cases, you may want to delay leaving the United States until you have renewed your passport. You will not be able to re-enter the United States without a valid passport. If your expired passport has a valid visa, you can still use that visa if you kept the old passport. Present the old passport, along with the new passport when you reenter the country. The countries that have an agreement with the United States allowing entry with a passport until the date of expiration are as follows:

• Antigua and Barbuda
• Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Cote D’Ivoire
• Czech Republic
• Dominican Republic
• El Salvador
• Hong Kong (certificates of identity and passports)
• Liechtenstein
• Netherlands
• New Zealand
• Philippines
• St. Kitts and Nevis
• St. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Slovak Republic
• South Africa
• Switzerland
• Trinidad and Tobago
• United Arab Emirates
• United Kingdom

What if my F-1 student visa has expired?

You can stay in the United States on an expired F-1 visa as long as you maintain your student status. However, if you are returning home or traveling to a country where automatic revalidation does not apply, you must have a valid visa to return to the United States.

Ensure that you have all the documentation you need for your visa application and allow sufficient time for processing a new visa. The documentation you may need for a new visa includes, but is not limited to the following:

• A Form I-20, endorsed for travel and signed by your DSO (see your DSO before you travel)
• Original evidence showing proof of necessary funds to cover tuition and living expenses
• Evidence showing your intention to return to your home country upon program completion, including evidence of compelling social and economic ties to your home country
• If you have applied for or had optional practical training (OPT) approved, bring a copy of your Form I-20 endorsed for OPT and your Employment Authorization Document (EAD), if you have one

The Department of State recommends that you apply for a visa in your home country. For more information about visa applications visit the Department of State (DoS) website at http://travel.state.gov/ .

You can apply in a third country for a visa, but you will not be able to return to the United States until DoS issues your visa. In some cases, this could take several weeks if DoS requires a background check. If DoS denies your visa, you will not be able to return to the United States. Be sure to check the DoS website for specific information pertaining to each embassy or consulate.

If you have an expired visa and a terminated record, we strongly advise that you do not travel outside the United States until your SEVIS record shows that you are in active status. If you do travel, you may not be able to renew your visa or return to the United States.

As a continuing student, will I need to pay the I-901 SEVIS fee if I travel outside the United States?

No. See the I-901 FAQ for detailed information on the I-901 SEVIS fee.

I wish to travel to Canada, Mexico, or one of the islands adjacent to the United States. Can I return if my visa is expired?

Yes, in most cases. You can usually revalidate an expired visa automatically when returning from a visit of less than thirty days to Canada, Mexico, or one of the islands adjacent to the United States provided that you have a valid Form I-20 and a valid unexpired Form I-94. This process is known as automatic visa revalidation.

Which islands are defined as “adjacent islands”?

The adjacent islands are:

• Saint Pierre
• The Dominican Republic
• The Bahamas
• The Windward and Leeward Islands
• Other British, French, and Netherlands territory or possessions in or bordering on the Caribbean Sea

(INA, Section 101(b)(5))

Can I travel to Cuba and return to the United States?

Yes, provided that you have a valid visa to return and are otherwise admissible. Please note that Cuba may require you to apply for a visa in order to enter that country.

Do I need a valid visa to visit Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin Islands, or the Northern Mariana Islands?

No, unless your travel plans include entry to any other country en route to these U.S. territories. You will need a valid Form I-20 and a valid unexpired Form I-94. Be sure that you do not have a terminated SEVIS record indicating that you are out of status.

How do I know if I have a terminated record in SEVIS?

Your DSO can tell you your SEVIS record status and give you appropriate travel related advice.

I want to travel outside the United States, but my SEVIS record is in terminated status. Can I return if I travel?

If you need to travel on a terminated record, you must first visit your DSO. If your school has requested a correction request or data fix, the DSO will put your correction request or help desk ticket number on your Form I-20 and report your pending travel to SEVP.

There is no guarantee that Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will readmit you to the United States if you travel on a terminated record. In most cases, CBP inspectors will allow you to reenter the United States if you are otherwise admissible and your DSO has properly annotated your Form I-20. It is likely, however, that the CBP officer at the port of entry will send you to secondary inspection while they determine whether you are eligible to return to the United States.

If you have an expired visa and a terminated record, SEVP advises you not to travel outside the United States until your SEVIS record shows that you are in Active status. If you do travel, you may not be able to renew your visa or return to the United States.

Can I travel outside the United States if I have a Form I-485 adjustment of status application pending?

No, not without advance permission. If you depart the United States with a pending Form I-485, you have abandoned your application unless you receive permission in advance from USCIS to return to the United States. We call this Advance Parole . Additionally, CBP may also consider you ineligible to return to the United States as an F-1 student because your application to change status to that of a permanent resident is evidence of intent to immigrate, which is inconsistent with nonimmigrant student status.

Can I re-establish F-1 student status by obtaining a new initial Form I-20 and reentering the United States?

Yes. However, you will be considered an initial student for SEVIS purposes. You will have to pay the I-901 SEVIS fee again and you will lose any time that you have accrued toward qualification for training (OPT) or employment .

You must have the new Form I-20 showing that you are entering on a new SEVIS ID number.

You should be aware that the CBP inspecting officer will determine whether or not to admit you to the United States with the new Form I-20. If you did not comply with the terms of your status during a prior stay in the United States, the CBP officer may decide that you are not eligible to reenter.

Can I reenter during the 60-day period after finishing my program or OPT?

No. The 60-day “grace” period is only to prepare to leave the country.

Can I reenter if my request for OPT is pending?

Yes, but traveling during this time should be undertaken with caution. USCIS may send you a request for evidence while you are away, however, so you would want to make sure you have provided a correct U.S. address both to your DSO and on the application and would be able to send in requested documents. Also, if USCIS approves your OPT application, you will be expected to have your EAD in hand to re-enter the United States. Like a request for further information, USCIS can only send the EAD to your U.S. address.

Can I reenter if I left while on OPT?

If USCIS has approved your OPT you will be expected to have your EAD in hand to re-enter the United States, in addition to your Form I-20, valid passport and visa, and a letter of employment if you have one. If you exceed the limits on unemployment while outside the United States, you will not be eligible to re-enter the United States in F-1 status.

Are there any other requirements for travel outside the United States?

The questions above outline the general requirements for reentry for F-1 students. However, because individual circumstances vary, consult your DSO, embassy, or legal advisor before traveling. Planning for your trip early ensures that you have enough time to get all of your travel documents in order.

If you are not returning to your home country, you should check the requirements of the country you are visiting. Some countries require a visa. You may also need a transit visa for countries where you are making a connecting flight. Be sure to check before you travel. Most countries have immigration websites that provide visa information. If you have additional questions, please contact SEVP at [email protected] or call us at 703-603-3400.

Renewing Your F-1 Student Visa

Can i stay in the united states if my student visa has expired.

Yes, as long as you are maintaining your status, you may legally remain in the United States with an expired F-1 or M-1 visa.

Can I renew my student visa while in the United States?

No. For more information about visa applications, visit the Department of State (DoS) website .

Can I renew my visa while outside the United States in a country other than my home country?

Yes, but the Department of State recommends that you apply for a visa in your home country. For more information about visa applications, visit the DoS website.

Before you travel to a country other than yours to renew your visa, contact the U.S. Embassy or Consulate in that country.

If you exit the United States and apply for a visa, you cannot return to the United States until DoS issues you a new visa. This could require a lengthy stay. If DoS denies your visa application, you will not be able to return to the United States as a student.

Can I go to Canada or Mexico and apply for a new visa?

In some cases, you can. Contact the individual U.S. Embassy or Consulate in Canada or Mexico. However, you cannot return to the United States until DoS issues you a new visa. If DoS denies your visa application, you will not be able to return to the United States as a student. For more information about visa applications, visit the DoS website . You can also visit travel.state.gov , for more information on how to apply for a U.S. visa in Canada and Mexico.

Applying for a new visa is not the same as automatic visa revalidation. You cannot apply for a new visa and take advantage of automatic visa revalidation at the same time.

What is automatic visa revalidation?

Automatic visa revalidation allows most F-1 students to take a trip of less than 30 days to countries contiguous to the United States and reenter on an expired visa provided you have proper documentation and have not applied for a new visa during the visit. This process revalidates your visa (making it eligible for the single trip), but does not renew it.

Re-entry for F-2 Non-immigrants

What documents do the dependants (accompanying spouse and minor children) of a continuing f-1 or m-1 student need for readmission to the us....

What documents do the dependants (accompanying spouse and minor children) of a continuing F-1 or M-1 student need for readmission to the United States after travelling abroad?

If you are the dependent of a continuing F-1 or M-1 student, previously admitted into the United States in F-2 or M-2 status, traveled outside the United States, and are now seeking readmission, you need to have the following:

• A current Form I-20 in your name that certifies your admissibility, (i.e. DSO signature on page 3 approving travel (Each dependent must have an individual Form I-20)
• A valid visa unless you are from Canada or Bermuda
• The primary (F-1 or M-1) must be in active student status - check with DSO before traveling to verify the primary's status
• Form I-94 Arrival/Departure Record

Do dependents have to travel with the primary?

No. However, your primary must be maintaining status. Consult the DSO from your primary’s school to ensure your primary is in status before traveling. You will need a valid passport. See Re-entry for F-1 Non-immigrants Travelling Outside the United States for Five Months or Fewer above

If your primary stays in the United States and has a request for optional practical training (OPT) pending or approved, you will need additional documentation. Make a copy of the primary’s Form I-20 with the page 2 annotations and/or employment authorization document (EAD) and be prepared to present it at the port of entry.

If the primary travels, can dependents remain in the United States?

Dependents may stay in the United States without the primary if the primary:

• Is in valid status
• Will return after a temporary absence using the same SEVIS ID number

What if I do not have a valid passport?

See the related questions in the F-1 section or M-1 section.

What if my visa expired?

If you are not traveling with the primary visa holder and your primary has a request for optional practical training (OPT) approved or pending, you will need additional documentation. Make a copy of the primary’s Form I-20 or EAD and be prepared to present it at the U.S. Embassy or Consulate and the port of entry.

Are there any other requirements for dependents to travel outside the United States?

The questions above outline the general reentry requirements for dependents. If you have questions, consult with the DSO at your primary’s school or seek advice from your embassy or legal advisor. However, if you are not returning to your country of citizenship, you should check the requirements of the country you are visiting. Some countries will require a visa. You may also need a visa for countries where you are making a connecting flight. Be sure to check before you travel.

Travel Re-entry: M Visa

Re-entry for m-1 nonimmigrants traveling outside the united states for five months or fewer.

This section of the FAQ applies to continuing M-1 students who travel outside the United States for five months or less.

An M-1 student should consult the designated school official (DSO) before traveling. Your DSO generally works in the international student office. You must have a current Form I-20, “Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status,” endorsed for travel, and your DSO must be able to verify that your SEVIS record is accurate and up-to-date.

What are the basic requirements for an M-1 student to re-enter the United States after traveling abroad on pleasure or personal business?

• A Form I-20, endorsed for travel and signed by your DSO (talk to your DSO before you travel)
• A current passport valid for at least six months after the date of your re-entry or, if you are from one of the countries listed below, a passport that is current through the date of entry
• A valid, current visa (unless you are a citizen of Canada or Bermuda or you traveled to a contiguous country for less than thirty days)
• Be sure that you are able to return before your current program end date

Bringing your most recent Form I-94, “Arrival/Departure Record,” will facilitate your re-entry through a land port of entry.

If you are from a visa exempt country, you do not need a visa to re-enter the United States.

You must renew your passport before you re-enter the United States. Usually, to enter the United States, you must have a passport that is valid for at least six months after the date you enter or re-enter.

However, some countries have an agreement with the United States that allows you to enter on a current passport up to the actual date of expiration. Try to keep your passport current at all times. You need to know your country’s rules for renewing passports as well as the amount of time it will take.

Many countries will allow you to renew your passport while in the United States. The other alternative is to renew your passport when you return home for a visit.

You may want to delay leaving the United States until you have renewed your passport. You must have a valid passport to re-enter the United States. If your expired passport has a valid visa, you may still use it if you kept the old passport. Present both the old and new passports when you re-enter the United States.

The countries that have an agreement with the United States allowing entry with a passport until the date of expiration are the following:

• Hong Kong (identity certificates and passports)

What if my M-1 student visa has expired?

You must maintain your student status to stay in the United States on an expired M-1 visa. If you are returning home or traveling to a country where automatic revalidation does not apply, you must have a valid visa to return to the United States.

The Department of State recommends that you apply for a visa in your home country. For more information about visa applications, visit the Department of State website .

You can apply in a third country for a visa, but you cannot return to the United States until the Department of State issues you a new visa. In some cases, this could take several weeks if a background check is necessary. If the Department of State denies your visa, you cannot return to the United States.

If you must re-apply for a visa, remember to bring the following items with you:

• A Form I-20, endorsed for travel and signed by your DSO and your original Form I-20 (talk to your DSO before you travel)
• Original evidence showing proof of necessary funds to pay for tuition and living expenses
• Evidence showing your intent to return to your home country upon program completion with evidence of compelling social and economic ties to your home country
• For more information, please visit the Department of State’s website.

As a continuing student, must I pay the I-901 SEVIS fee if I travel outside the United States?

I want to travel to canada or mexico. may i return to the united states if i have an expired visa.

Yes, in most cases CBP will allow re-entry to the United States. Usually, you can revalidate an expired visa automatically if you meet all of the following criteria:

• Returning from a visit of fewer than thirty days to Canada or Mexico
• Have a valid Form I-20
• Have a valid unexpired Form I-94

This process is known as automatic visa revalidation.

However, if you meet any one of following criteria, 8 CFR 214.1(b)(3) mandates that you cannot automatically revalidate your visa:

• You applied for a new visa, and DoS has not issued it.
• You applied for a new visa, and DoS denied it.
• You have a terminated SEVIS record indicating that you are out of status.
• You have been out the United States for more than thirty days.
• North Korea

I want to travel to one of the islands adjacent to the United States. May I return if my visa has expired?

Yes. Regulations state that an M student or dependent can be readmitted under automatic visa revalidation if they are:

• Admissible;
• Seeking readmission after an absence not exceeding thirty days solely in contiguous territory;
• In possession of a valid passport; and
• Presenting a Form I-94, “Arrival-Departure Record,” from the previous admission or stay and a Form I-20, ‘Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status,” signed for travel by the DSO.

The definition of adjacent islands is in INA, Section 101(b)(5) :

Do I need a valid visa to visit Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands?

No. You will need a valid Form I-20 and a valid, unexpired Form I-94. Be sure that you do not have a terminated SEVIS record indicating that you are out of status.

Your DSO can tell you your SEVIS record status and give you appropriate travel-related advice.

I want to travel outside the United States, but my SEVIS record is in Terminated status. May I return if I travel?

If you need to travel on a terminated record, you must talk to your DSO. A DSO who has requested a data fix will put your Help Desk ticket number on your Form I-20 and report your pending travel to SEVP.

There is no guarantee that CBP will readmit you to the United States if you travel on a terminated record. In most cases, CBP will allow you to re-enter the United States if you are otherwise admissible and your DSO has properly annotated your Form I-20. It is likely, however, that CBP will send you to secondary inspection while they determine whether you are eligible to return to the United States.

May I travel outside the U.S. if I have a Form I-539, “Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status,” request for extension of stay...

May I travel outside the U.S. if I have a Form I-539, “Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status,” request for extension of stay application pending?

Yes, you may travel. However, you must return at least 15 days prior to your current program end date.

May I re-establish M-1 student status by obtaining a new initial Form I-20 and re-entering the United States?

Yes, you may re-establish M-1 student status. However, in SEVIS, you will be an Initial student. You must pay the I-901 SEVIS fee, and you will lose any time that you have built up towards qualification for practical training.

May I re-enter the United States during the 30-day grace period after finishing my program or after finishing practical training?

The 30-day grace period is intended to prepare for departure. CBP would make the decision whether or not to re-admit you during your grace period.

May I re-enter the United States if I have a pending request for practical training?

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services may consider your practical training request abandoned if you depart the United States while it is pending. The same is true if you needed to file for an M-1 extension in addition to the practical training application. CBP would make the decision whether or not to re-admit you in this situation, depending upon the timing and whether you are still in M-1 status.

May I re-enter the United States if I left while on OPT?

If USCIS and your DSO have approved your OPT but you depart before you get a job, your OPT ends and you cannot re-enter. If you have a job, however, you may travel and re-enter to resume work.

Previous questions give the general requirements for M-1 student re-entry. However, because individual circumstances vary, consult your DSO, embassy officials or legal advisor before traveling. Discussing your travel plans as soon as possible will allow time to ensure you have proper documentation for travel.

Some countries will require a visa. If you are not returning to your home country, check the requirements of the destination country. You may also need an in-transit visa for countries where you are making a connecting flight. Be sure to check before you travel. Most countries have immigration websites that provide visa information.

Renewing Your M-1 Student Visa

Yes, as long as you are student in good standing and have not violated your status, you may legally remain in the United States with an expired M-1 visa. As an M-1, you may stay for up to one year from the date you arrive in the United States, also according to your Form I-20 in SEVIS, but may apply for extensions.

No. For more information about visa applications visit the Department of State website at http://travel.state.gov/ . If you need to stay longer than one year to complete your program of study, you may work with your school official to apply for an extension with USCIS.

Yes, but the Department of State recommends that you apply for a visa in your home country. For more information about visa applications visit the Department of State website at http://travel.state.gov/ .

Before you travel to a country other than yours to renew your visa, contact the U.S. embassy or consulate.

If you exit the United States and apply for a visa, you cannot return to the United States until the visa is issued. This could require a lengthy stay. If the visa is denied, you will not be able to return to the United States as a student.

In some cases, you can. Contact the individual U.S. embassy or consulate in Canada or Mexico. However, you cannot return to the United States until your visa is issued. If the visa is denied, you will not be able to return to the United States as a student. For more information about visa applications visit the Department of State website at http://travel.state.gov/ .

Automatic visa revalidation allows most M-1 students to take a trip of less than thirty days to countries contiguous to the United States and reenter on an expired visa provided you have proper documentation and have not applied for a new visa during the visit. This process revalidates your visa (making it eligible for the single trip), but does not renew it.

Re-entry for M-2 Nonimmigrants

What documents do the spouse and minor children of a continuing m-1 student need to reenter to the united states after traveling abroad.

If you are the spouse or minor child of a continuing student you need to have the following:

• A current SEVIS Form I-20 in your name (and one for each M-2 traveling)
• A valid passport
• A valid visa unless you are from a visa exempt country or, in some cases, you are traveling to a contiguous country
• The primary (M-1) must be in active student status

Do M-2 nonimmigrants have to travel with the primary (M-1)?

No. However, you must be able to show that your primary (M-1) has been admitted and has maintained student status. We recommend that you consult with the DSO from your primary’s school to ensure the M-1 is in status before traveling. You will need the documents, which are listed in the “What documents do the spouse and minor children of a continuing M-1 student need to reenter to the United States after traveling abroad?” FAQ.

If your primary has practical training approved, you will need additional documentation. Make a copy of the primary’s Form I-20 with the page 2 annotations and/or EAD (employment authorization document) and be prepared to present it at the consulate and POE.

If the primary (M-1) travels, can the M-2 nonimmigrant family members remain in the United States?

M-2 nonimmigrant family members may stay in the United States without the primary if the primary:

See What if I have an expired passport or one that will expire in less than six months? in the M-1 section.

What if my M-2 visa expired?

See What if my M-1 student visa has expired? in the M-1 section.

I wish to travel to Canada, Mexico, or one of the islands (other than Cuba) adjacent to the United States. Can I return if my M-2 visa is expired?

See I want to travel to Canada or Mexico. May I return to the United States if I have an expired visa? in the M-1 section

Can I re-enter if my primary has practical training pending?

It is best to travel after practical training is approved.

Are there any other requirements for M-2 nonimmigrants to travel outside the United States?

The questions above outline the general reentry requirements for M-2 nonimmigrants. If you have questions, consult with the DSO at your primary’s school or seek advise from your embassy or legal advisor. However, if you are not returning to your country of citizenship, you should check the requirements of the country you are visiting. Some countries will require a visa. You may also need a visa for countries where you are making a connecting flight. Be sure to check before you travel.

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Optional Practical Training (OPT) for F-1 Students

ALERT: Please remember that photos submitted to USCIS must be unmounted and unretouched. Unretouched means the photos must not be edited or digitally enhanced. The submission of any mounted or retouched images will delay the processing of your application and may prompt USCIS to require that you appear at an Applicant Support Center to verify your identity.

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is temporary employment that is directly related to an F-1 student’s major area of study. Eligible students can apply to receive up to 12 months of OPT employment authorization before completing their academic studies (pre-completion) and/or after completing their academic studies (post-completion). However, all periods of pre-completion OPT will be deducted from the available period of post-completion OPT.

Types of OPT

All OPT must be directly related to your major area of study. If you are an F-1 student, you may be eligible to participate in OPT in two different ways:

• Pre-completion OPT : You may apply to participate in pre-completion OPT after you have been lawfully enrolled on a full-time basis for one full academic year at a college, university, conservatory, or seminary that has been certified by the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) to enroll F-1 students. You do not need to have had F-1 status for the one full academic year; you can satisfy the “one full academic year” requirement even if you had another nonimmigrant status during that time.

If you are authorized to participate in pre-completion OPT, you may work (20 hours or less per week) while school is in session. You may work full time when school is not in session.

• Post-completion OPT : You may apply to participate in post-completion OPT after completing your studies. If you are authorized for post-completion OPT, you must work part time (at least 20 hours per week) or full time.

Impact of Pre-completion OPT Employment Authorization on Requests for Post-completion OPT at the Same Education Level

If you have already received 1 year of part-time (20 hours per week) pre-completion OPT, the total time of full-time OPT still available would be reduced by 6 months, 50% of the previously authorized year at the same education level. In this scenario, you would only be entitled to a remaining period of 6 months full-time post-completion OPT employment authorization.

If you have already received 1 year of full-time (40 hours per week) pre-completion OPT, the total time of full-time optional practical training still available would be reduced by 1 year, 100% of the previously authorized year at the same education level. In this scenario, you would not be entitled to any period of post-completion OPT employment authorization.

STEM OPT Extension

If you have earned a degree in certain science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields, you may apply for a 24-month extension of your post-completion OPT employment authorization if you:

• Are an F-1 student who received a STEM degree included on the  STEM Designated Degree Program List  (PDF) ;
• Are employed by an employer who is enrolled in and is using E-Verify; and
• Received an initial grant of post-completion OPT employment authorization based on your STEM degree.

If you are interested in applying for a STEM OPT extension, please see our  Optional Practical Training Extension for STEM Students (STEM OPT ) page for more information.

Applying for OPT

Generally, you must:

• Request that your designated school official (DSO) at your academic institution recommend the OPT. Your DSO will make the recommendation by endorsing your Form I‑20, Certification of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status, and making the appropriate notation in the  Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) .
• Properly file  Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization  with USCIS, accompanied by the required fee and the supporting documentation as described in the form instructions.

When to apply

You may begin your pre- or post-completion OPT only after we approve your Form I-765 and you receive your Employment Authorization Document (EAD).

If you file your STEM OPT extension application on time and your OPT period expires while your extension application is pending, we will automatically extend your employment authorization for 180 days. This automatic 180-day extension ceases once USCIS adjudicates your STEM OPT extension application.

Transferring to a Different School or Beginning Study at Another Educational Level

If you transfer to another school or begin studies at another educational level (for example, you completed a bachelor’s degree and are starting a master’s program), your authorization to engage in OPT employment will automatically terminate. SEVP will inform USCIS of the termination date, and USCIS will terminate your EAD accordingly. 

Although your authorization to engage in optional practical training will end, as long as you comply with all requirements for maintaining your student status, your F-1 status will not be affected by USCIS terminating your EAD. Maintaining your student status includes not working on a terminated EAD, as the termination means that you are no longer authorized to work in the United States using that OPT EAD. Working in the United States without authorization has serious consequences, including removal from the country and reentry bars. Also, remaining in the United States in violation of your lawful nonimmigrant status could lead to an accrual of unlawful presence. Please see USCIS Changing Policy on Accrued Unlawful Presence by Nonimmigrant Students and Exchange Visitors for more information regarding termination of your employment authorization under OPT and any impacts on your student status, including the possible accrual of unlawful presence. If you feel that your EAD has been wrongfully terminated, would like to request reconsideration of the EAD termination, or if you have other questions, see your DSO. 

Cap-gap Extension for F-1 Students with Approved H-1B Petitions

If you are an F-1 student with a timely filed H-1B petition and change of status request, and your F-1 status and employment authorization will expire before the change of status to H-1B occurs (typically Oct. 1), you may be eligible for a cap-gap extension. Go to our  Cap-Gap Extension page  for more information.

Traveling During F1-OPT/STEM OPT

Travel during post-completion opt & stem opt extension.

Remember, a student’s U.S. immigration status is  their responsibility  and they must validate that all their  Post-Completion OPT  or  STEM OPT Extension reporting requirements are up-to-date with the ISO  PRIOR  to submitting a request for a new Form I-20.

NOTE:  If a student is missing any of the below mentioned documents ,  they risk being denied entry into the U.S. and/or losing their F-1 status and OPT/STEM OPT benefits . The ISO can never guarantee re-entry into the U.S. or predict what may happen at the U.S. border point-of-entry, as entry to the U.S. is always  determined by CBP upon a request for admission into the United States.  Students can find additional information regarding travel during a student’s F-1 OPT/STEM OPT period below and I.C.E.’s  website .

Travel During Post-Completion OPT

Travel during an  APPROVED  period of Post-Completion OPT is not restricted  if  the student has all the materials/documents required for entry into the U.S. 

IMPORTANT : New Form I-20(s) will be issued and provided to students electronically to the students’  main email address we have on file for them. Students  MUST  print their Form I-20(s), and sign and date the document(s) by hand.  [NOTE: Immigration has  stated  that students are  NOT  allowed to sign their Form I-20(s) electronically; student signatures must be by hand –  ONLY ].

Travel/Re-Entry to U.S.  AFTER  Program Completion End Date –  OPT  Approved :  If a student plans on re-entering the U.S.  AFTER  the program completion end date listed on their OPT Form I-20, then ICE (U.S. Immigration Customs and Enforcement)  states  under the question,  ‘Can I reenter if I left while on OPT?’:  “If USCIS has approved your OPT you will be expected to have your EAD in hand to re-enter the United States, in addition to your Form I-20, valid passport and visa, and a letter of employment if you have one. If you exceed the limits on unemployment while outside the United States, you will not be eligible to re-enter the United States in F-1 status.”

Therefore, a student will need the required documents listed below to re-enter the U.S. during their approved period of OPT:

• Valid passport (valid for 6 months into the future).
• Students should  NEVER   use a tourist visa (B-1/B-2) or Visa Waiver Program (VWP / ESTA) to enter the U.S. while on OPT, as that will cancel their OPT authorization.
• If the student’s EAD card has been approved, then their employer(s) should be  reported  to iMIT and listed on page 2 of their most recently issued Form I-20.
• Most recently issued Form I-20 signed for travel (page 2)   within the past 6 months.
• Approved OPT EAD card.
• Letter should include the dates of employment/training, job duties, location of training activity, supervisor contact information, and any salary/stipend received.
• Proof of  vaccination  against COVID-19.

Travel During STEM OPT Extension

Travel during the STEM OPT Extension period is not restricted  if  the student has all the materials/documents required for entry into the U.S. 

IMPORTANT : New Form I-20(s) will be issued and provided to students electronically to the students’  main email address we have on file for them. Students  MUST  print their Form I-20(s), and sign and date the document(s) by hand.   [NOTE: Immigration has  stated  that students are  NOT  allowed to sign their Form I-20(s) electronically; student signatures must be by hand –  ONLY ].

Therefore, a student will need the required documents listed below to re-enter the U.S. during their approved period of STEM OPT Extension:

• Most recently issued Form I-20  must have  the student’s current employer(s) listed on page 2. 
• Most recently issued Form I-20 must be signed for travel (page 2)   within the past 6 months .
• Approved OPT EAD card(s).

For the STEM OPT Extension, if a student’s current Post-Completion OPT EAD card is expired and they do not yet have their STEM OPT Extension EAD card, the ISO  strongly   recommends against travel outside of the U.S. at this time. However, if a student will travel outside the U.S.  without  an approved STEM OPT EAD card, then the student must have proof that their STEM OPT application was filed in a timely manner  and  carry the USCIS receipt notice (Form I-797) during their travels.  

DHS has clarified in the preamble to the 24-month rule [ 81 FR 13103 par.774 ] that,  “Students on STEM OPT extensions (including those whose application for a STEM OPT extension is pending) may travel abroad and seek reentry to the United States in F-1 status during the STEM OPT extension period if they have a valid F-1 visa that permits multiple entries and a current Form I-20 Certificate of Eligibility endorsed for reentry by the DSO within the last six months. The student’s status is determined by CBP upon admission to the United States or through a USCIS adjudication of a change-of-status petition.”

Students who would need to apply for a new F-1 entry visa sticker at a U.S. Embassy/Consulate while abroad in order to return to the U.S.  should not travel  until they receive their STEM OPT EAD card.

How Do I Know If I Need An Updated Travel Signature During Post-Completion OPT / STEM OPT?

During an approved period of Post-Completion OPT / STEM OPT a travel signature on a Form I-20 is  ONLY  valid for 6 months  from the travel signature date listed on page 2. 

By answering the three (3) questions listed below, one can determine whether or not they need an updated Form I-20 and travel signature:

• Am I re-entering the U.S. within the next month?
• Does my most recently issued Form I-20 have a travel signature (on page 2) that is  LESS  than 6 months old? 
• Does my most recently issued Form I-20 have list my current OPT/STEM employer information on page 2?

How Do I Request An Updated Travel Signature During Post-Completion OPT / STEM OPT?

Alumni/ae who need an updated travel signature during Post-Completion OPT or STEM OPT Extension can request a new Form I-20 via iMIT.  BEFORE  submitting a request in iMIT, students  MUST  confirm that their OPT or STEM OPT Extension Reporting Requirements and contact information are up to date in iMIT  PRIOR  to submitting a request for new Form I-20/travel signature. 

IMPORTANT : New Form I-20(s) will be issued and provided to students electronically to the students’ main email address we have on file for them  (double-check that this information is listed correctly in iMIT!) . Remember, students  MUST  print their Form I-20(s), and sign and date the document(s) by hand.  [NOTE: Immigration has  stated  that students are  NOT  allowed to sign their Form I-20(s) electronically; student signatures must be by hand –  ONLY ].

If a student has used the above diagram and they have determined that a travel signature is required, then a student must  login  to iMIT (through limited client services) and click on “F-1 Student Services” > “Request Replacement of Form I-20” > and complete that e-Form to obtain an updated Form I-20/travel signature. 

ATTENTION :  The e-Form will ask for the ‘ Reason for Current I-20 Replacement’ , and the student will select the appropriate drop-down option. Next, where the e-Form requests ‘ Upload Proof of Finances ’, students MUST upload updated funding documentation (e.g., a recent employer letter with updated salary information or official position offer letter with salary, confirming employment status). Financial support documentation is required in order to issue the new Form I-20. All funding documentation should be issued within the past 6 months and showing at least US$48,000 ($4,000 per month x 12 months) , which is based on current student estimate of monthly living expenses and health insurance, to demonstrate meeting estimated cost of living expenses on OPT/STEM OPT. If your OPT or STEM OPT position does not provide payment/salary equal to at least $48,000, students can also upload additional funding documentation (such as a personal bank statement, or letter of support and financial statement from a sponsor) that in combination with OPT/STEM OPT position salary or stipend will equal at least US$48,000. Students must carry their financial support documentation, including proof of employment, when them when traveling abroad and re-entering the U.S. to present to U.S. immigration officials if requested.

Make sure  Post-Completion OPT  or  STEM OPT Extension  Reporting Requirements  are up-to-date with the ISO  prior  to submitting a request for a new Form I-20.

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Office of International Education

International student and scholar services, opt and traveling abroad.

The guidance below is designed to provide additional context and guidance for those in the process of applying for OPT or are currently on their benefit of OPT. Along with reviewing the guidance below and before making any travel arrangements, you are encouraged to:

• Review OIE's Travel Guidance Website website for more information about traveling abroad, travel signatures, and recommended documents to carry upon re-entry
• Review the guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for more information about current U.S. travel entry policies and restrictions
• Ensure to consult with your airline with any questions in advance of your flight date to ensure you are aware of any additional requirements, documents required, or expectations prior to arriving to the airport.
• If you have questions regarding travel requirements or policies for the country you are visiting, you are encouraged to contact their Embassy or Consulate directly. For contact information for the U.S. location of the Embassy or Consulate, please visit the U.S. Department of State site  here . 

F-1 Regulations allow students participating in OPT to travel abroad, but there may be additional risks and/or additional documentation to prepare. OIE is unable to guarantee that students will be granted admission by a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) upon return to the U.S or that the Consulate will renew an F-1 visa at a consulate abroad. Although not common, there are reports of students on OPT having problems at ports of entry as well as being denied visas or experiencing significant visa delays. The decision to travel abroad must be made by the individual student with an understanding of the preparations that should be made and the risks involved. 

International Travel information:

• As an individual on pre-completion OPT, you are considered to be an enrolled student. This means that you would follow the same procedure for visits abroad and re-entry as enrolled F-1 students. Additional documentation is not required for re-entry beyond those documented on our OIE's Travel Guidance Website .
• You are eligible to travel abroad on a temporary basis (less than 5 months) and re-enter the U.S to continue employment. Please review our OIE's Travel Guidance Website  to learn of the documentation we encourage you to carry with you when attempting to re-enter the U.S.

Travel While OPT Application is Pending:

According to Student Exchange Visitor Program’s guidance, students participating in post-completion OPT may travel abroad while the OPT application is pending. However, travel during this period of time should be undertaken with caution for the following reasons:

• If a request for more evidence (RFE) is issued by USCIS: An RFE requires immediate attention by the applicant.
• If the application is approved while the applicant is abroad, the student will be required to present the EAD upon return.

Students who decide to travel while the OPT application is pending are highly discouraged from leaving the U.S until the application has been received by USCIS and the I-797 receipt notice has been issued.  Students should bring the receipt notice with them as proof that an application has been submitted. Although the receipt notice is a good substitution, admission into the U.S. is up to the discretion of the CBP officer, and there have been reports of students without their EAD work permit having problems at the port of entry.

  Special Issues in Travel on OPT

Visa renewal while on post-completion opt:.

OPT is a benefit of the F-1 status. Therefore, students traveling while on OPT and have an expired F-1 visa are required to apply for a new F-1 visa before attempting to re-enter the U.S..

Procedures and requirements for visas can vary between countries and are often subject to change.  As such, reviewing the visa requirements on the website for the appropriate U.S. Embassy/Consulate is the best way to prepare you for the visa application process.  Visit www.travel.state.gov  to determine the procedures for applying for a visa at the U.S. Embassy/Consulate in the country in which you’ll be traveling.

For general guidance and information on visa renewals, please visit the OIE’s Visa Renewal website.

Automatic Visa Revalidation for OPT Students:

Automatic visa revalidation allows F and J non-immigrant visa holders to visit Canada, Mexico and/or  adjacent islands  (excluding Cuba) for less than a total of 30 days and re-enter the U.S. with an expired visa stamp. Upon returning to the U.S, students utilizing automatic visa revalidation must present a valid passport, I-20 or DS-2019 form with a valid travel signature, and I-94 record. If you have an electronic I-94 record, it is recommended that you bring a hard copy during travel and present it upon exit and entry. Citizens of Cuba, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Sudan and Syria are not eligible for Automatic Visa Revalidation. 

To view the Code of Federal Regulations regarding Automatic Revalidation of Visa, click  here . Additional information is also available on the  U.S. Department of State website .

Note: Non-immigrants who apply for a visa during their stay in Canada, Mexico or the Caribbean are not eligible to use automatic visa revalidation if the visa is denied or delayed.

Accrual of More Than the Maximum Days of Unemployment and its Impact on Travel:

Students who have exceeded the maximum days of unemployment while on their OPT are considered out-of-status. While on post-completion OPT, you are permitted to have no more than 90 days total of unemployment. If you are on the STEM extension, then you cannot accrue more than 150 days of unemployment during the total 3 year OPT period. If you depart the U.S. and attempt to re-enter the U.S. after accruing more than then allowed number of unemployment days, you will may face issues in returning to the U.S.

Time Outside the U.S and Unemployment:

Time spent outside the U.S during a period of post-completion OPT or STEM OPT extension may be considered as unemployment, unless you are either:

• Employed during a period of leave authorized by an employer; or
• You are traveling as part of your employment.

If you are going to be outside of the U.S. for extended periods of time but will still be considered employed, we encourage you to ensure you have documentation from your employer to certify you have remained employed during your absence from the U.S. 

Change of Status and Travel:

Students who have/will apply for a change of status to H1B, permanent resident or any other immigration status should speak with their immigration lawyer prior to making travel plans.  Students utilizing the Cap-Gap extension should not travel abroad during the period of time between the end of the EAD and the start of the H1B unless they are eligible to return to the U.S. with the H1B visa stamp.

Click here for a comprehensive review and additional guidance related to travel.

This notice applies to all information and resource materials provided by the OIE for the domain oie.gatech.edu and for all other information provided by OIE in any media format. It is provided for informational purposes only, and is not represented to be error free, complete, accurate or current. The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for the legal advice or legal opinions of a licensed professional. Users should contact their own personal attorney or licensed professional to obtain appropriate legal advice or other professional counseling with respect to any particular issue or problem.

OIE is a unit of the Vice Provost of International Initiatives in the Office of the Provost .

• International Students
• Student Employment
• OPT for F-1 Students

F-1 Optional Practical Training (OPT)

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a 12-month work authorization available to F-1 international students who have been full-time students for at least one academic year and plan to seek employment in the United States in their fields of study. Looking for information about the 24-month STEM OPT Extension? Go to the STEM OPT Extension page .

OPT is a benefit of a student’s F-1 status. Students generally apply for OPT in their last academic term.

Eligibility

To be eligible for OPT, you must...

• be in F-1 status at the time of OPT application.
• be a full-time student for at least one academic year. 
• be completing your program of study at Northwestern University.
• Not have used more than 1 year of full-time CPT during your current degree level.
• If you applied for OPT at the same academic level previously, but did not use your full 12 months of OPT at that time, please contact your OISS advisor to discuss your options.

Do I need a job offer before applying for OPT?

No, a job offer is not required to apply for OPT. However, during the 12-month OPT period, you will be allowed only a cumulative total of 90 days of unemployment.  You must also report your employment in the SEVP Portal or the OISS Portal under the “alumni” tab. See Rules and Reporting Requirements while on OPT for more information.

What visa status will I have while my OPT application is pending and while I am working on OPT?

During your pending OPT application and after the OPT approval by USCIS, F-1 students will remain in F-1 status under the I-20 sponsorship of Northwestern University. OPT is a benefit of your F-1 status and extends your ability to remain in the United States for the purpose of seeking employment in your field of study. This means that you will continue to use your Northwestern University OPT I-20 and F-1 documents to travel and you will need to get travel signatures from OISS every 6 months. This also means that OISS is still responsible for reporting changes about your status to SEVIS and helping you maintain your F-1 status while you are on OPT.

Do I need an SSN (Social Security Number) to work in the U.S.?

Yes, a Social Security Number (SSN)  is required for any paid employment in the United States. You can apply for an SSN as part of the OPT application to USCIS, but you will not receive the SSN card until after your OPT is approved.

Applying for OPT

The OPT application process involves both OISS and United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and can take 3 – 5 months. OPT applications can be rather complex. The first step is to complete the required online OISS Optional Practical Training course (see instructions below). Once you are approved for OPT, you will receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD Card) and I-797 Approval Notice from USCIS. These documents do not necessarily arrive on the same date. This webpage provides instruction related to the online application only.

USCIS also offers a premium processing option for OPT and STEM OPT applications.  The premium processing fee is an additional $1,685 and the response processing timeframe on a complete application is 30 business days (Monday - Friday, excluding holidays). See USCIS Premium Processing for additional information.

OISS Optional Practical Training Course (online)

OISS has launched an online OPT tutorial! Starting in January 2024, all students who submit an Optional Training Training (OPT) Recommendation request in the OISS Portal must submit a copy of their Certificate of Completion from the new online OISS OPT course. Students should complete the course BEFORE beginning their application for OPT and save the certificate. The course is a comprehensive guide to applying for OPT, eligibility, and reporting requirements.

How do I access the online OISS OPT course?

  if you already have a homebase account (used for the online orientation course which began in winter 2023):.

• Go to: https://homebase.english3.com/#/
• Enter your email address (used to create your Homebase account) and password.
• If you can’t remember your password, click on “forgot password” and follow the instructions to reset your password.
• Click on “My Courses” at the right top of your screen,
• Then click “Add Course” at the bottom of this page.
• For “Organization” select “Northwestern University”
• For “Access Code” enter NUOPT and click search.
• Begin the  Optional Practical Training course.
• If you have any issues accessing the course, please email:  [email protected]

If you are a new user to Homebase, create your Homebase account & access the OPT course: 

• Go to:  https://checkout.english3.com/homebase/register/
• Select Institution:     Northwestern University
• Enter the Access Code:    NUOPT
• Enter the rest of your information and set a password. Make note of the email used and the password you set so that you can return to Homebase as needed.
• Click on the "My Courses" tab on the top right

When to Apply

• All OPT applicants must first obtain an OPT recommendation on a new I-20 ( the OPT I-20 ). Before applying, submit your OPT Request at the OISS Portal . Students can submit their OPT Request in the OISS Portal up to 100 days before their I-20 program end date.
• If USCIS receives your application more than 90 days before your I-20 program end date or more than 60 days after your I-20 program end date, your application will be denied . Due to this, OISS will not process your OPT Recommendation request until the 90 day deadline has been reached or passed.
• The program end date on your I-20 matches your final term of enrollment (excluding some PhD students). If you finish your program earlier than your I-20 end date, the OISS will shorten your I-20 end date to the final date of the term you are applying for OPT based on your OPT Request.
• USCIS must receive your full and complete OPT application no more than 60 days after your expected program completion date (end date on your I-20).
• Your OPT application will be denied if it is received by USCIS more than 30 days after the recommendation for OPT is entered into SEVIS. In order to avoid a denial, we highly suggest that you submit your application to USCIS within 15 days.
• If it is close to the 30 day timeline and you have not submitted your application to USCIS, do not send your I-765 to USCIS and instead request a new OPT I-20 through the OISS Portal by submitting the “ Optional Practical Training (OPT): Past 30 Days OR Change Recommended Dates ” request via the OISS Portal .

How to Apply

• You will need to provide the full name and email address of your academic advisor, PI or director of graduate studies providing your recommendation in the OPT request. OISS advisors are not your “recommender” in the OPT Request on the OISS Portal.
• You have completed all your course requirements.
• You are going to graduate in the term you have indicated on your OPT request. Please note, PhD students must be ABD before applying for OPT.
• You are in good academic standing.
• You should discuss this request with your academic advisor (not OISS advisor) before completing the request in the portal. We cannot process the OPT request until the electronic recommendation from your academic advisor has been received.

• Prepare OPT Application Materials: While waiting for your new I-20 with your OPT Recommendation, prepare your OPT application documents and digital photos as outlined under Step 1 of the Online I-765 Application for OPT . 

You will receive an email notifying you when your updated I-20 with OPT recommendation has been processed and is ready for you to access via the OISS Portal. You will then be able to print your updated I-20 with OPT recommendation from your “Documents” section of the OISS Portal. You will need to sign in ink in the student attestation section of the document. This is the easiest and fastest way to receive your I-20.

• You are responsible for your OPT application and we recommend that you independently check dates, deadlines, addresses and the I-765 instructions We recommend you photocopy and/or save an electronic copy of your FULL application.
• File your COMPLETE application  with USCIS  within 30 days of the date the OISS processed your OPT request . The OPT recommendation on the OPT I-20 is only valid for 30 days. OISS recommends you submit your complete OPT application within 15 days of the date your advisor recommends you for OPT on the I-20.

IMPORTANT: The application MUST be received by USCIS within 30 days of OISS recommending OPT in your SEVIS record and issuing your OPT I-20 or OPT will be denied. If it has been more than 30 days since your OPT I-20 was issued and you have not sent or submitted your application, please submit a new OPT request at the OISS Portal and email your OISS advisor.

Application materials checklist.

The online I-765 application is available ONLY for F-1 students applying for Post Completion OPT or the STEM Extension of OPT. The online I-765 cannot be used for any other type of employment authorization application. Be sure to check your application for any errors before submitting.

See the following links for detailed instructions for filing the I-765 online application:

• Online I-765 Application for Post-Completion OPT
• Online I-765 Application for STEM OPT Extension

Avoid Form I-765 Delays

Review the CIS Ombudsman tip sheet on How F-1 Students Seeking Optional Practical Training Can Avoid Form I-765 Delays .

FAQs about the OPT Application Process

What is the opt filing fee.

The online OPT filing fee as of April 1, 2024 is $470. Please check USCIS Filing Fees to verify the correct current fee amount. 

Once you are ready to submit your form I-765 online, the system will automatically direct you to the secure Department of Treasury site, pay.gov, to pay your fees online. USCIS only uses pay.gov to process fees. Always check the website address before you pay. Beware of scam websites and scammers who may pretend to be a USCIS website.

What are the requirements for the photos?

OISS strongly recommends students applying for OPT use a professional visa/passport photo service (such as the photo department at Walgreens or CVS) to ensure the photo meets all requirements for the OPT application. We are aware of numerous circumstances in which students initially received approval utilizing the online photo tool, and later had their OPT application rejected due to issues with the photo. The acceptance of your digital image or photo is at the discretion of USCIS.

The digital photo requirements for filing online are different from the paper photo requirements for filing a paper application by mail. See requirements below.

How do I choose my OPT start date?

As part of the OPT I-20 request process, you must request an OPT start date. This is the day on which you would like to start working while on OPT. Some things to consider when choosing your requested OPT start date:

• The requested start date must be within 60 days of your program end date on your I-20. It can be as early as the day after your end date and up to 60 days after that.
• It is not guaranteed that you will be approved for the start date you request. Your approved start date will appear on your Employment Authorization Document, or EAD card and may be later than your requested start date. Please note that you may not begin working until your  approved  EAD start date, regardless of the requested date on your I-20.
• Do you have travel plans? If you plan to travel, especially internationally, you may not want to select a start date during your planned travel time.
• If you have a job offer, discuss with your employer an appropriate start date based on when you have applied for your OPT (consider the 3-to-5-month processing time).
• If you don't have a job offer, you should consider where you are in your job search and when jobs typically start in your field and make your best estimate of when you'd like to begin working.
• Days of unemployment only begin after the approved start date listed on your EAD.
• Weigh the pros and cons of an early vs. late start date. If you choose an earlier start date, you may be able to begin your employment earlier, BUT if you don't find a job, you will begin accruing unemployment days sooner. If you choose a later start date, your unemployment days will begin accruing later, BUT you'll have to wait longer to begin employment.

What is the usual processing time?

The average USCIS processing time to issue the OPT Employment Authorization Document (EAD) is 3 to 5 months.

USCIS also now offers premium processing for OPT and STEM OPT Applications. The timeline for premium processing is 30 calendar days and requires you to file a Form I-907 in addition to the I-765 There is an additional fee of $1,685 for premium processing, which is in addition to the I-765 application fee. Read more about USCIS premium processing .

What if I forgot to submit my OPT application to USCIS within the 30-day deadline?

If OISS recommended you for OPT more than 30 days ago and you have not yet submitted your application to USCIS, you'll need a new OPT I-20 from OISS.

• If you are still within your 60-day grace period and otherwise eligible to apply for OPT, submit another OPT Request in the OISS portal. This request is titled the OPT: Past 30 Days or Change Recommendation Dates .  
• Do not send in an application if more than 30 days have passed. Your application will be rejected.

What if I applied for OPT, but did not complete my degree program as planned?

Please contact your OISS Advisor as soon as possible to discuss your situation.

While You Wait for Your OPT EAD Card

To verify the current average OPT processing time with USCIS, check the I-765 USCIS processing times .

What to expect after submitting your OPT application to USCIS

Upon submission of your application : You will receive a confirmation that your Form I-765 was successfully submitted. Following the completion of your online filing, you should be able to review your I-765 receipt notice in your online myUSCIS account and track the status of the application.

Within 4 - 6 weeks : You will receive an I-797c receipt notice at your mailing address confirming the date of receipt and your receipt number. Keep this notice safe as it is your official proof that your OPT application was submitted. If there are any errors in the receipt notice in your name, address, or application type, contact your OISS adviser right away.

Around 3 – 5 months : You should receive an I-797 Notice of Approval letter and EAD card at your mailing address. These items may arrive separately or at the same time. Check your EAD card to make sure all information is correct. You can start working on your EAD start date! If there are any errors on the EAD, contact your OISS adviser right away.

Around 2 Weeks after receiving EAD card : You should receive your Social Security Card (if you requested one).

Can I work on or off campus while waiting for my Employment Authorization Document (EAD)?

While waiting for your EAD card to arrive…..

• And until the program end date on your I-20 , you can continue working ON CAMPUS. You may also continue to work on pre-approved CPT.
• After your I-20 program end date , you cannot work anywhere until you have your physical EAD card in your possession; you may begin working on the first day listed in the “valid from” section of your EAD.

Travel Outside the U.S. While OPT is Pending

Travel during the OPT application process is allowed, but not recommended as it poses certain risks.

Consider the following:

• You should include a different mailing address than your own with an “in care of” person designated in your I-765 if you plan international travel while your OPT is pending. The mail systems in Chicago area apartment buildings can be challenging and it is not guaranteed you will receive mail when you are not there.
• If you receive a Request for Evidence, you will need to respond by a certain deadline and all mail to USCIS must be sent from within the U.S.
• If you are denied for OPT while outside the United States, you will not be able to re-enter the U.S to reapply. If you are within your 60-day grace period when your denial is received, your only option is to refile online.
• If you are approved for OPT while outside the United States, you will need to arrange for your EAD card to be sent to you abroad to re-enter the United States. USCIS only sends EAD cards to U.S. addresses and your name or your “in care of” designee’s name must be on the mailbox.
• If your F-1 visa is expired, you will need to reapply for an F-1 visa with your EAD card and I-20.
• If you choose to travel while your application is pending, be sure that you are monitoring your mail.  

Problems With Your OPT Application

There are several types of problems that may occur during your OPT application:

• Delayed processing
• Not receiving your I-797c Receipt Notice
• Request for Evidence or Denial
• Incorrect EAD

If there is any problem with your OPT application, contact your OISS Advisor right away so we can provide guidance on your situation. If you do not receive your EAD card because it is undeliverable or lost in the mail, refer to our Replacement EAD Card webpage.

When your EAD arrives

1. verify personal information.

• Ensure your name is spelled correctly and matches the name on your Form I-20.
• Confirm the accuracy of your date of birth, country of birth, and sex.

2. Review Work Authorization Dates:

• Check the start and end dates for which you are authorized to work.

3. Confirm the Correct Category:

• For Post-Completion OPT, the category should be CO3B.
• For STEM OPT Extension, the category should be CO3C.

4. If your EAD card contains incorrect information due to a USCIS error:

• You must return the original EAD card to USCIS to get it corrected. See Replacement EAD Card for instructions.
• If you are not sure if the error was made by USCIS or if you have questions, please contact your OISS Advisor .

While on OPT

What do i need to understand while on opt.

The Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) requires schools to maintain certain information in SEVIS for all students currently on approved OPT (Optional Practical Training). As an F-1 student on OPT, you continue to be under Northwestern University's sponsorship. As such, OISS continues to maintain your SEVIS record so you will remain in valid visa status.

Therefore, it is important that OPT students are familiar with and follow OPT reporting requirements.

• Employment and unemployment while on OPT
• Rules & reporting requirements
• Practical matters while on OPT   (health insurance, traveling , taxes, accessing the OISS Portal after graduation, etc)
• Extensions of OPT
• Options after OPT ends

Disclaimer Statement

The Northwestern University Office of International Student & Scholar Services (OISS) offers guidance on Optional Practical Training (OPT) and OPT STEM processes as a courtesy to NU students. We make every attempt to ensure that we provide you with the most up to date information available. However, any advice provided to you by our office does not constitute legal advice. You should always independently check all deadlines and all OPT and STEM OPT application documents for accuracy before mailing them or submitting them online to United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The OPT application is a personal application for which you are responsible. The application preparation and USCIS case decision will vary depending on the facts at issue in your particular case.  While OISS exercises best efforts to provide you with the most current guidance, please be aware that USCIS may change its interpretation of applicable policies, procedures, regulations, and eligibility requirements at any time.  OISS is not responsible for, and expressly disclaims liability for, any errors or omissions relating to your OPT application and any decisions made by USCIS.  For legal advice, students are encouraged to consult with a licensed and experienced immigration attorney at their own expense.

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F-1 OPT (Optional Practical Training)

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is an opportunity for F-1 international students to participate in professional, temporary employment that is directly related to their major area of study, but not a part of the academic curriculum.

Important OPT Topics

Eligibility.

To be eligible for OPT, you:

• Do NOT need a job offer to apply
• Must be in legal F-1 status
• *Approved Study Abroad counts if completed one full time semester in US prior to studying abroad
• Must NOT have been previously authorized for 12 months of Full-Time CPT at the same degree level
• Must NOT have been previously authorized for 12 months of OPT at the same level, or any OPT at a higher degree level

Note: Intensive English / AEC only students are NOT eligible for OPT.

OPT Duration

• Bachelors – 12mo
• Masters – 12mo
• Unused periods of eligibility from lower level degrees cannot be accumulated for use with later degrees at a higher level.
• The 12 months may either be used entirely within one period of eligibility or split between any of the periods for which the student is eligible; however, each segment will require a separate application. ex: 12 months (1 app); split 5 months & 7 months (2 separate apps)
• If pursuing another degree at the same level the 12 months can be divided between the two degrees.
• Part-time OPT (available for pre-completion only) is deducted from the total amount of available full-time OPT at one-half the full-time rate (e.g. 4 months part time = 2 months full time).

*See the separate section on a possible  24-Month STEM OPT extension for students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) degrees.

When to Engage in OPT

Definitions (in immigration terms):.

• Pre-completion OPT = before completion of degree
• Post-completion OPT = after completion of degree (some exceptions: see below for thesis/dissertation/final project graduate students)
• Part Time (PT) OPT = employment of 20 hours or less per week
• Full Time (FT) OPT = employment of more than 20 hours per week

Pre-Completion OPT

Pre-completion OPT during Fall and Spring semester you may only work part-time. The student must be enrolled in a full course of study during the academic year while in pre-completion OPT. During the annual vacation period or official break periods you may engage in both part-time and full-time employment. 

Post-Completion OPT

Post completion OPT is full-time only.

Thesis / dissertation or equivalent students

you will have the same requirements before your required coursework is complete. Once your required coursework is complete, then if you will work part-time you should engage in pre-completion OPT and full-time employment will be done as post-completion OPT. Please note that post degree completion, you may only engage in full-time employment.

Types of Employment Allowed

The job/training must be directly related to major

Employment options include paid and unpaid options: 

Paid employment 

Students may work part-time (at least 20 hours per week when on post-completion OPT) or full-time.

• Multiple employers.  Students may work for more than one employer, but all employment must be related to the student’s degree program and for pre-completion OPT cannot exceed the allowed per week cumulative hours.
• Short-term multiple employers (performing artists).  Students, such as musicians and other performing artists may work for multiple short term employers (gigs). The student should maintain a list of all gigs, the dates and duration. If requested by DHS, students must be prepared to provide evidence showing a list of all gigs.
• Work for hire.  This is also commonly referred to as 1099 employment where an individual performs a service based on a contractual relationship rather than employment relationship. If requested by DHS, students must be prepared to provide evidence showing the duration of the contract periods and the name and address of the contracting company.
• Self-employed business owner.  Students on OPT may start a business and be self-employed. In this situation, the student must work full-time. The student must be able to prove that he or she has the proper business licenses and is actively engaged in a business related to the student’s degree program
• Employment through an agency . Students on post-completion OPT must be able to provide evidence showing they worked an average of at least 20 hours per week while employed by the agency.

Unpaid employment  

Students may work as volunteers or unpaid interns, where this does not violate any labor laws. The work must be at least 20 hours per week for students on post-completion OPT. These students must be able to provide evidence from the employer that the student worked at least 20 hours per week during the period of employment.

I-20 End Date for Post-Completion OPT

If your current I-20 end date is in a future semester, the end date will be shortened to reflect the expected date of your graduation as indicated on your academic advisor recommendation form:

• Spring graduate: 5/31/20YY
• Summer graduate: 8/1/20YY
• Fall graduate: 12/31/20YY

For graduate students completing all degree requirements within the first two weeks of a term, the I-20 end date will reflect the date established by Graduate Studies by which no enrollment is required that term. (i.e. 06/11/2019 for Summer 2019).

Important: If you do not complete your degree by your new I-20 end date, you must apply for a program extension prior to the expiration of your new OPT I-20. Failure to extend is a violation of status. There is an exception (see below) for students working on a thesis, dissertation or equivalent.

In all cases, you cannot work on campus past your I-20 end date unless you have seamless OPT approved and the work is directly related to your degree.

Thesis/Dissertation/Final Project Students

Choosing pre-completion or post-completion.

Students who have completed all of their required course work excluding their thesis, dissertation or equivalent have the option of applying for either Pre-Completion or Post-Completion OPT.

Weighing the Pros and Cons

• Unemployment rule does not apply
• May receive an I-20 extension
• May request Part Time or Full Time
• Can continue on-campus employment until end of program
• Not eligible for STEM extension
• Not eligible for H-1B cap-gap extension
• Eligible for the H-1B cap-gap extension if applicable.
• Can apply for the STEM extension if eligible.
• 90-day unemployment rule applies
• Only granted Full Time (must work at least 20 hrs/wk)
• On-campus work permission ends with new I-20 end date (unless seamless OPT is approved)
• Cannot extend I-20 if degree not completed before end of OPT

If applying for POST- completion OPT while continuing with thesis/dissertation or equivalent:

• I-20 end date will be shortened to the day before the requested OPT start date
• On-campus work permission ends with new I-20 end date
• Must continue to enroll in a full course of study until you complete your degree
• Must complete degree before the end of OPT (i.e. cannot extend I-20)​

When To Apply for OPT

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) can take 2-3 months to process your I-765 petition. Apply as soon as you are eligible, which is generally 90 days before your I-20 end date.

Must be received by USCIS no earlier than 90 days prior to your requested start date, while also starting after completing one full academic year.

Post-Completion OPT - Initial 12-month

Must be  RECEIPTED BY USCIS  no earlier than 90 days prior to and no later than 60 days from the program completion date (i.e. I-20 end date). See exceptions for students working on thesis/dissertation/final project equivalent.

**If your current I-20 end date is in a future semester, the end date will be shortened to reflect the anticipated completion at the time your OPT recommendation I-20 is issued.

• If you graduate in Spring, then your I-20 is shortened to May 31
• If you graduate in Fall, then your I-20 is shortened to December 31
• if you graduate in Summer, then your I-20 is shortened to August 1

Consequences for Not Applying Early

• Possible driver’s license renewal problems (in most cases, cannot renew until OPT is approved)
• May not get the OPT dates you requested.  If the application is pending past your requested start date, USCIS should still give the entire period you are eligible from the date the application is approved.
• However, depending on how late you apply, you may not get the full 12 months that you were initially eligible for due to the 3~5 month processing time.  By law, post-completion OPT must end by the 14th month after your program end date, so if the OPT period goes beyond that mark due to late adjudication, the OPT end date will be cut short to the 14th month mark.
• Possible late rejection of application. By the time you find out that it was rejected and try to reapply, you may be ineligible due to being past 60-days from I-20 end date.

On this page

• When do I apply
• How to apply for OPT
• After you apply
• Travel Concerns while on OPT

Related Content

• SSN Application
• STEM Extension
• Cap Gap Extension

How to Apply for OPT

It is really important you understand what OPT is and when to apply.

Step 1: Know Your Stuff

• Understand what OPT is!  Are you eligible?  When can you apply?
• For various OPT topics, videos, samples, and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) that answer eligibility questions above.

Step 2: Create Digital Images (PDF, JPEG, or JPG) of Supporting Documents

Save the following documents as separate digital documents

       (if multiple pages within the same category, create as a single multipage digital document)

• Passport page(s) showing your name, photo, and expiration
• Most recent Electronic I-94 record ; or paper I-94 card (front and back)
• Recent passport-style photo (jpeg, jpg or png) ( US passport photo guidelines )
• Previously issued Employment Authorization Documents (EADs), if any (front and back)
• If you had ANY previously authorized CPT or OPT, CPT/OPT authorization I-20 pages 1 & 2 (including any schools other than KU), which shows the academic level at which it was authorized.
• POST-completion OPT only :  Signed ISS form “ Responsibilities While on Post-Comp OPT (.pdf) ”
• PRE-completion OPT only : Transcript or Degree Progress Report printout

Step 3: Start (but do NOT submit) Government's Online I-765 Application Form

• After creating account, go to Form I-765 and click “File Online”
• Refer to the Online OPT Filing Tips (PDF) as you work on your I-765 draft.
• Passport-style photo
• I-94 record
• Passport (upload this under “Employment Authorization Document” section)
• DO NOT upload an I-20 until you have the OPT recommendation I-20 from ISS
• DO NOT complete the "Your Statement" section yet
• DO NOT complete the "Your Signature" section yet
• Do NOT pay the $470 filing fee until you have received your NEW OPT recommendation I-20 from your ISS advisor during your OPT appointment (filing fee is NON-REFUNDABLE)
• Once the I-765 is drafted (other than a few final uploads), but before you "sign" or make a payment, download the “view draft snapshot” PDF from the “review and submit - your application summary” section of the online application;
• Save a digital image to upload to iHawk

Step 4: Go to ISS Store and Pay ISS OPT Fee

Go to the ISS webstore to pay the ISS OPT fee.

• Check email for receipt as proof of payment to upload in iHawk
• This is separate from the USCIS application fee

Step 5: Submit OPT I-20 Request via iHawk

• Login to iHawk
• Click on "F-1 Practical Training" and then "OPT I-20 Request" and complete all associated e-forms
• I-94 (record of arrival)
• Previously issued EADs (Employment Authorization Documents), if any
• I-765 (government application)
• Form 2 asks for your academic/graduation advisor’s email address, as it requires that they verify your anticipated degree/program completion.
• The ISS fee payment receipt
• Responsibilities While on Post-Comp OPT (ISS handout)

Step 6: Make an OPT Appointment at ISS

After submitting Form 5 , schedule an appointment with an ISS advisor.

Step 7: Attend ISS OPT Appointment

• ISS advisor verifies your F-1 status and creates a new OPT recommendation I-20
• If applicable, the advisor shortens your program end date in SEVIS and on your new I-20. 

Step 8: Finish I-765 Online Application, Sign, and Submit Payment

• Log back into your I-765 application through the USCIS government website
• Make edits to I-765 as recommended by ISS advisor
• Upload new I-20 with OPT recommendation (under “Evidence” --> “Form I-20”)
• Upload SEVIS Employment screenshot (under “Previously Authorized CPT or OPT”), if applicable
• Complete the "Your Statement" section
• Complete the "Your Signature" section to confirm and SIGN the application
• Pay attention to any Alerts or Warnings!
• Pay $470 application fee via bank account, debit card, or credit card. 
• Your receipt notice will be automatically generated and available (under “Documents” --> “USCIS Notices”)

After you Submit

DO NOT continue working in an on-campus student position past your new I-20 end date.

DO NOT begin working before receiving the actual EAD (even if the online application status says it has been approved), before the start date on the EAD, or after the EAD expires.

DO NOT promise an employer you can start on a specific date or sign an employment contract with a specific start date unless you already have your EAD.

Maintain evidence of each job, internship, or training you engage in and report while on OPT (ex. job title, job description, number of hours per week, start/end dates, how it is directly related to your major, etc.)

• How do I choose a start date? (video)
• Passport photo requirements

Post-Completion OPT Reporting Requirements

To maintain your F-1 status, WITHIN 10 DAYS of any change, you must comply with the reporting requirements listed below.

SEVP will send you an email once your OPT is approved to set up an account for an SEVP Portal for reporting. The SEVP Portal is OPTIONAL. ISS recommends that you report all changes through iHawk.

iHawk login > F-1 Practical Training > OPT Reporting

OPT Report eforms

• Upload OPT EAD card
• Email update (changes SEVP Portal Username)
• Phone Number Update
• U.S. Address Update (residential and mailing)
• Add new Employer Info
• Edit Previously Reported Employer Info
• Report Job Ended
• Leaving U.S. and Forfeit Remainder of OPT
• Change of Status and Forfeit Remainder of OPT
• Passport Name Change

If you are a performing artist reporting multiple gigs, or a self-employed business owner/contract worker, here are some reporting TIPS for special categories .

ADDRESS CHANGES:  If your OPT application is still pending, you must report address changes in 2 places (even if you request the post office to forward all your mail):

• USCIS  

Maintaining Legal F-1 Status once on Post-Completion OPT

• Only look for and accept employment that is directly related to your field of study.
• Comply with OPT reporting requirements.
• Since F-1 status is dependent on employment, you must not accrue an aggregate of more than 90 days of unemployment while on post-completion OPT. 
• OPT employment does not have to be paid, but volunteer or unpaid opportunities do need to be reported in order to avoid accrual of unemployment.  Unpaid internships must not violate any labor laws, must be directly related to your field of study and the work must be at least 20 hours per week.
• The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (not ISS) will be responsible for determining if your status has been violated by exceeding the permissible period of unemployment.  They may deny future immigration benefits and/or they may terminate your SEVIS record if you fail to maintain the proper period of employment.
• You are allowed 60 days after the expiration of the EAD (if properly maintained status) to remain in the U.S. for the purpose of preparing for departure, to change education levels at the same school, to transfer out, or to apply for a change of status.
• Your duration of status and possibly also work authorization may automatically be extended if you are a beneficiary of a timely filed H-1B petition and change of status request. See more details on H-1B Cap-Gap OPT Extension.
• If you work and complete the full twelve months of OPT you will have your grace period to depart the United States (60 days), change your immigration status, begin a new degree program at KU, or transfer your SEVIS record to another university.
• If you transfer your SEVIS record to another university while on OPT, then your OPT will end on the transfer release date.
• If you accumulate more than 90 days of unemployment, OPT will end. We recommend departing the United States before accumulating 90 days of unemployment. Please submit the Depart the United State and Forfeit OPT eform in your iHawk account. In the situation where you have not worked while on OPT and are leaving, please reach out to ISS to talk about how to receive a partial refund for the ISS OPT fee.

Travel Concerns While on OPT

Travel out of the U.S. while waiting for OPT approval is not advised unless you have a job offer and you have a way of getting the EAD should the OPT be approved while you are overseas.  

OPT is Pending

•   OPT Receipt 
•   Passport
•   F-1 visa
•   I-20 with a recent travel signature

STEM OPT Pending

Do not travel outside the United States if your EAD is expired and the STEM OPT extension request is pending.  Wait until you receive the new EAD.

OPT is Approved

•   OPT EAD (Employment Authorization Document)
•   Proof of Employment (i.e. job offer or recent paycheck stub)
•   Passport 
•   F-1 Visa
• If your F-1 visa has expired you will need to apply for a new one while abroad if you plan to return to the U.S. to continue with OPT.  It is sometimes more difficult to obtain an F-1 student visa while on OPT since you have already completed your degree and you are only returning to work.  In addition, all new visas require a security check that could take time.  Please carefully consider these risks before traveling outside the U.S.
• If traveling to Canada, Mexico or adjacent (Caribbean) islands for less than 30-days,  automatic revalidation  may be a possibility and a need for a new visa may not apply. 

Accessibility Statement

An accessible version of the documents on this site will be made available upon request. Please contact the International Support Services , at  [email protected]  to request the document be made available in an accessible format.

Students seeking services can see our current  student services page , which includes virtual and in-person options. For J scholar and Employment-based services, please see our Contact Us page .

F-1 Optional Practical Training (OPT)

Important Change in Services:  The Berkeley International Office physical location will be closed on Thursday, April 11 and Friday, April 12 due to some unexpected building repairs. During this time, afternoon student advising (from 1 - 4 PM) will be done virtually through our Virtual Drop-In system .

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is 12-month work authorization available to F-1 international students who have been full-time students for at least two consecutive semesters and plan to seek employment in the United States in their fields of study. Looking for information about the 24-month STEM OPT Extension? Click here .

STAGE 1: KNOW THE OPT BASICS

OPT is an employment benefit of a student's F-1 status and is generally applied for in a student's last semester.

Eligibility

To be eligible for OPT, students must...

• be in full-time F-1 status for at least one academic year. S ome students who have changed their visa status to F-1 and who have been continuously enrolled in a full-time degree program for at least 1 academic year may qualify for OPT prior to 1 year in F-1 status. See a Berkeley International Office (BIO) adviser for more information.
• be seeking employment in the  major  field of study listed on their current UC Berkeley I-20.
• be completing their program of study at UC Berkeley. See BIO's  OPT tutorial for more information. 
• be physically present in the United States at time of the application to USCIS.
• NOT have used more than 1 year of full-time CPT during their current degree level (part-time doesn't count).

Do I need a job to apply for OPT?

No, a job offer is not required to apply for OPT. However, be aware that during your 12-month OPT period, you are only allowed a cumulative total of 90 days of unemployment (see more information below in the Employment section ). You must also report your employment to Berkeley International Office (see  Reporting Requirements ).

What visa status will I have while waiting for OPT? And while I am working on OPT?

During your pending OPT application and after the OPT approval by USCIS, F-1 students will remain in F-1 status under the I-20 sponsorship of UC Berkeley. OPT is a benefit of your F-1 status and extends your ability to remain in the United States for the purpose of seeking employment in your field of study. This means that you will continue to use your UC Berkeley OPT I-20 and F-1 documents to travel and you will still need to get fresh travel signatures from BIO (every 6 months). This also means that BIO is still responsible for reporting changes about your status to SEVIS and helping you maintain your F-1 status while you are on OPT.

Do I need a Social Security Number to work in the U.S.?

Yes, you will need a Social Security Number (SSN)  for any paid employment in the United States. Students can actually apply for their SSN as part of their OPT application to USCIS, but will not receive their SSN card until after their OPT is approved.

STAGE 2: APPLY FOR OPT

The application process involves both BIO and United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and can take months. OPT applications must be received in a specific time frame and the application can be rather complex. We require all students to carefully review BIO's  OPT tutorial for full details on applying for OPT. Once a student is approved for OPT, they will receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from USCIS. 

When to Apply

The OPT application process involves two major parts. First you must apply to BIO for an OPT recommendation on your I-20. Then you must submit an OPT application packet, including a signed copy of your OPT I-20, to USCIS. 

• You can apply for OPT up to 90 days before  and up to  60 days after your expected program completion date* .  
• USCIS must receive your full and complete OPT application no more than  60 days after  your  expected program completion date*
• In addition, USCIS must receive your application within 30 days of when BIO recommends your I-20 for OPT.
• You must be physically present in the United States at the time USCIS receives your OPT application. More details are available in the  OPT tutorial . 

Generally, BIO recommends applying for OPT as early as possible. Waiting can cause further delays and you may not get a full 12 months of OPT. Additionally, applying early increases your chances of being able to reapply if your application is rejected or denied.

*Expected completion date:

• Undergraduates:  The last day of enrollment in the semester in which program requirements are completed. 
• Graduates :  The last day of enrollment in the semester  in which program requirements are completed, OR the date the thesis or dissertation is filed with the Graduate Division.  Speak with a BIO adviser if you have a job offer beginning before the last day of the semester. Graduate students who only have a dissertation/thesis remaining may be eligible to begin their post-completion OPT before filing. 

Note : If you are applying for OPT after your expected program completion date, you must  submit your OPT application to USCIS  before making any exit from the United States. If you exit the United States after your program completion without applying for OPT, you will be ineligible to return in F-1 status to apply for OPT.

How to Apply

Step 1 . Review the  OPT tutorial [pdf]  for a complete overview of the process.  This is required and very important .  Failure to fully review the tutorial may result in application errors and cause OPT denials or violations of F-1 status.

Step 2.  Submit the  OPT I-20 Request E-Form . Note that the E-Form contains an integrated payment form for the BIO Post-Completion Services Fee of $225, which is payable by credit/debit card. 

Special Instructions for L&S Undergraduate Students Since L&S undergraduate students have separate Major and College advisors, please follow the below instructions provided by L&S College Advising when completing the Academic Advisor section of your OPT e-form:

1. Make an appointment with your Major Advisor.  They will confirm that you are on track to complete all major requirements. If you are, the major advisor will either prepare a memo verifying that information or add a note into the BOA online advising system

2. Complete the BIO  OPT I-20 Request E-Form using the email  [email protected] .  If you do not complete Step 1 first, your request will be denied by L&S. 

Step 3. After you submit the OPT I-20 Request e-form, your academic advisor will receive an email containing a link, where they will confirm your completion date and OPT eligibility.

Step 4.  After your academic advisor approves your OPT request, advisers at Berkeley International Office will review your request form and OPT eligibility. If eligible, you will be issued a new I-20 with the OPT Recommendation notated on page 2. This takes 5 business days. While you wait, prepare your OPT application documents as instructed in the  OPT tutorial [pdf] .

Step 5.  Your new OPT I-20 will be emailed to you within 5 business days after the request reaches BIO for processing. 

Step 6.  Review the  OPT tutorial [pdf]  to fully prepare all documents and application forms for USCIS. I-765 applications can be submitted ONLINE or by MAIL. (Online filing is much more common.)  If you would like to go over your application with a BIO adviser, sign up to attend one of the OPT Document Check Workshops. To view upcoming workshops and RSVP, visit our events page .   Note : You are responsible for submitting your OPT application to USCIS and USCIS must receive your OPT application within 30 days of the Issue Date listed on page 1 of your I-20 and within 60 days of your completion date . You must submit the I-765 while you are physically present in the US . If filing by MAIL: Also be sure the check the USCIS I-765 webpage on the date of mailing to be sure you are using the correct USCIS form and fee. 

How do I choose my OPT start date?

As part of the OPT I-20 request process, you must request a particular OPT start date. This is the day on which you would like to start your OPT work authorization. Some things to consider when choosing your requested OPT start date:

• The requested start date must be within 60 days of your program completion date. It can be as early as the day after your completion date and up to 60 days after that.
• It is not guaranteed that you will be approved for the start date you request. Your approved start date will appear on your EAD card and may be later than your requested start date, depending on when you apply for OPT and how long it takes USCIS to approve it. Please note that you may not begin working until your approved EAD start date, regardless of the requested date on your I-20.
• Do you have travel plans? If you plan to travel, especially internationally, you may not want to select a start date during this time.
• If you have a job offer, discuss with your employer an appropriate start date based on when you have applied for your OPT (consider the 2.5 to 5 month processing time).
• If you don't have a job offer, you should consider where you are in your job search and when jobs typically start in your field and make your best estimate of when you'd like to begin working.
• Days of unemployment only begin after the approved start date listed on your EAD.
• Weigh the pros and cons of an early vs. late start date. If you choose an earlier start date, you may be able to begin your employment earlier, BUT if you don't find a job, you will begin accruing unemployment days sooner. If you choose a later start date, your unemployment days will begin accruing later, BUT you'll have to wait longer to begin employment.

Processing Time

Processing time for an OPT I-20 from Berkeley International Office is 5 business days. Expedites from BIO are not available.

Check USCIS’s current OPT and STEM OPT processing times. Select  Form: “I-765”Form Category: “Based on a request by a qualified F-1 academic student [(c)(3)]” Service Center: “Potomac Service Center”.  (Over the years, BIO has observed processing times ranging from 1-5 months, with most processed within 90 days.) 

USCIS does offer "Premium Processing" for the OPT and STEM OPT I-765. See below.

USCIS Premium Processing & Expedites

"Premium Processing" is available from USCIS for the form I-765 for OPT and OPT STEM Extensions.

What is premium processing?

• USCIS will process your OPT/STEM I-765 request within 30 days of submission of the fully completed I-907 form.

See the current Premium Processing for Form I-765 under the “Filing Fee” section on the Form I-907 website.

How can I request premium processing?

• File the Form I-907 online via your USCIS account. For more information see How Do I Request Premium Processing ?
• March 6-April 2, 2023 : You can file an online I-907 form via your USCIS online account. You must have an ALREADY pending I-765 with receipt notice.
• April 3, 2023 or later - You can file the I-907 online  together with your OPT I-765, or submit an I-907 for an already pending OPT I-765 request.

Is it worth it?

• BIO recommends that you think carefully before choosing premium processing. Check current USCIS Processing times for “I-765” “Based on a request by a qualified F-1 academic student [(c)(3)]” with “Potomac Service Center”

Are there any other ways to expedite a USCIS request free of cost? USCIS almost always denies F-1 student expedite requests for OPT. You can find USCIS expedite criteria here.

I forgot to send my OPT application to USCIS within the 30-day deadline.

CONTACT BIO IMMEDIATELY BEORE TAKING ANY ADDITIONAL STEPS WITH USCIS. If BIO recommended you for OPT more than 30 days ago and you have not yet sent in your application to USCIS, you'll need a new OPT I-20 from BIO. If you are still within your 60-day grace period and otherwise eligible to apply for OPT, we will confirm your situation and send you instructions for requesting a new OPT I-20.  No new Post-Completion Services Fee payment is needed. It will take us 5 business days to process the new I-20. Once you get the new I-20, you can send your application to USCIS. This is very important as USCIS will deny applications submitted after the 30-day deadline.

If you've already submitted your request to USCIS, we will assess your situaiton and advise you on available options.

What if I applied for OPT but didn't actually complete my degree program?

If this is your situation, please contact BIO to speak to an international student adviser as soon as possible.

STAGE 3: AFTER APPLYING FOR OPT

After you apply for OPT, you will wait for USCIS approval. During your post-completion OPT period, you will have new F-1 rules regarding employment and unemployment, reporting  personal and employment information to BIO and SEVIS, as well as options when you come to the end of your F-1 12 Month OPT period.

Waiting for Your OPT EAD Card

It can take months for USCIS to process your OPT application, although a Premium Processing option is available for a very high price.  Check USCIS’s current OPT and STEM OPT processing times  to see the current timelines.  (Over the years, BIO has observed processing times ranging from 1-5 months, with most processed within 90 days.)

What to Expect

The first week : E-FILE: You should receive your receipt notice online through your USCIS account.   If there are any errors in the receipt notice in your name, address, or application type, contact a BIO adviser.

Within 30-45 days : You will also receive an I-797c receipt notice at your mailing address confirming the date of receipt and your receipt number. Keep this notice safe as it is your official proof that your OPT application was submitted. You may need it for travel or other purposes. 

Around 1-3 months : You should receive an I-797 Notice of Approval letter and EAD card at your mailing address. (If E-FILING you will also receive the notice in your USCIS account.) These can come separately or at the same time. Check your EAD card to make sure all information is correct and upload it to BIO's  SSU Hub . You can start working on your EAD start date! If there are any errors on the EAD, contact a BIO adviser.   Check USCIS’s current OPT and STEM OPT processing times.  Select  Form: “I-765”Form Category: “Based on a request by a qualified F-1 academic student [(c)(3)]” Service Center: “Potomac Service Center”.  (Over the years, BIO has observed processing times ranging from 1-5 months, with most processed within 90 days.)

2 Weeks after receiving EAD card : You should receive your Social Security Card (if you requested one) in the mail.

Checking your OPT application status

If you E-FILE, you will be able to track your Case Status via your online USCIS account.

Note that your application will most likely stay in received status for the entirety of the processing time until it is approved.  Check USCIS’s current OPT and STEM OPT processing times.  Select  Form: “I-765”Form Category: “Based on a request by a qualified F-1 academic student [(c)(3)]” Service Center: “Potomac Service Center”.  (Over the years, BIO has observed processing times ranging from 1-5 months, with most processed within 90 days.)

Making changes to your OPT application after submission to USCIS

Generally, after your OPT application is submitted to USCIS, you cannot change any of the information except for your mailing address. Click here for information about making changes  to your OPT application, including withdrawing your application.

Can I work on or off campus while waiting for my EAD?

Once you complete your degree, you cannot work on or off campus until you have the EAD in your possession and your selected start date has arrived, even if your USCIS case status indicates that your application is approved.

Can I start working without pay while waiting for my EAD?

No. Work that is normally paid requires employment authorization. To begin working, you must have the card in hand and the start date must have arrived.

Travel while OPT is pending

Travel during the OPT application process is allowed, but not recommended as it poses certain risks.    See our   OPT Travel page  for  for information on these risks as well as to learn about other requirements for travel while OPT is pending.

Problems with my OPT Application

There are several types of probems that may occur during your OPT application:

• Delayed processing
• Not receiving your I-797c Receipt Notice
• Not receiving your EAD/EAD (lost in the mail)
• Request for Evidence, Denial, or Rejection (CONTACT BIO ADVISOR BEFORE RESPONDING TO USCIS!)
• Lost EAD or Incorrect EAD

See Issues with OPT Application for further information and instructions. Please contact your BIO Advisor if you are experiencing issues. 

Employment & Unemployment on OPT

During the period of OPT authorization, a student should be working or actively seeking employment. There are limits to what jobs count as employment and to the number of days you may remain unemployed.

When can I start working ?

On the start date of your approved EAD card. You must have the EAD card in hand to start working.

What counts as "employment" on OPT?

Employment must be:

• a job that is directly related to the student’s degree program; i f the relationship between the job and a student's field of study is called into question by USCIS in the future, the burden of proof is on the student to demonstrate the relationship.
• at least 20 hours per week; i f total work is less than full-time, it counts toward a student's 90 days of unemployment. (If you have multiple part-time jobs the cumulative total work hours should be 20 hours per week or more, and you're responsible for carefully documenting work hours.) BIO recommends that students have at least 1 position that is 20 hours per week or more to avoid increased scrutiny of your employment.)
• paid or unpaid.

Note:  Cannabis Industry  - be aware that the use and sale of cannabis is illegal at the federal level, although it may be legal in some U.S. states. To avoid possible deportation or inadmissibility from the US, students should avoid positions related to federally illegal substances.

The types of employment allowed during the initial 12-month period of OPT include (these DO NOT apply to the  STEM Extension ):

• Paid employment . Students may work in a job related to their field of study at least 20 hours per week (if work is less than full-time, it counts toward a student's 90 days of unemployment).
• Multiple employers . Students may work for more than one employer, but all employment must be related to the student’s degree program.
• Short-term multiple employers (performing artists) . Students such as musicians and other performing artists may work for multiple short term employers (gigs). The student should maintain a list of all gigs, including the dates and duration. If requested by DHS, students must be prepared to provide evidence showing a list of all gigs.
• Work for hire (commonly referred to as "1099 employment"). This is a type of employment where an individual performs a service based on a contractual relationship rather than an employment relationship. If requested by DHS, students must be prepared to provide evidence showing the duration of the contract periods and the name and address of the contracting company.
• Self-employed business owner.  Students may start a business and be self-employed. In this situation, the student must work full-time (at least 20 hours per week). The student must be able to prove that he or she has the proper business licenses and is actively engaged in a business related to the student’s degree program.
• Employment through an agency.  Students must be able to provide evidence showing they worked an average of at least 20 hours per week while employed by the agency.
• Unpaid employment.  Students on the initial 12-month OPT may work as volunteers or unpaid interns , where this does not violate any labor laws. The work must be at least 20 hours per week. These students must be able to provide evidence from the employer that the student worked at least 20 hours per week during the period of employment.

Unemployment 90-day Rule/When should I find a job?

During the period of OPT authorization, a student should be working or actively seeking employment. If you decide to quit your job, or if you do not find a job, keep the unemployment rules in mind.

• Students on post-completion OPT may have up to  90 days of unemployment.  The 90 days start counting from your  approved OPT/EAD start date  (not the recommended start date nor the program end date on your I-20) and are cumulative.
• If you accumulate 90 days or more of unemployment, you are in violation of your F-1 status. You are expected to leave the U.S., transfer to another school, or change your visa status before the 90th day. See  After OPT  options below.
• Students who are granted a  24-month extension  are given an additional  60 days  of unemployment for a total of 150 days over their entire post-completion OPT and STEM periods.
• Approved vacation from a job does not count as "unemployment" if you are still considered an employee there. 
• Jobs that are fewer than 20 hours per week may count towards the 90-day unemployment limit if the total cumulative employment of all positions is not more than 20 hours per week.  If you have multiple part-time jobs the cumulative total work hours should be 20 hours per week or more, and you're responsible for carefully documenting work hours. BIO recommends that students have at least 1 position that is 20 hours per week or more to avoid increased scrutiny of your employment.

How do I know if my job is related to my degree?

Federal regulations require that all employment that you engage in while on OPT  be directly related  to your UC Berkeley majorAs part of your OPT reporting requirements, you must provide a description demonstrating a logical connection between your regular job duties and your major area of study. Further information and sample descriptions are available on the  OPT Reporting Requirements  page.

I f the relationship between the job and a student's field of study is called into question by USCIS in the future, the burden of proof is on the student to demonstrate the relationship.  BIO won't be able to advise you on specifically which jobs do/do not qualify as we are not experts in your field of study. If you need assistance determining the fit of a job offer, we recommend discussing this with your academic adviser, the Berkeley Career Engagement Center, or others in your field.

What documentation/records should I keep about my employment?

It is recommended that students maintain evidence for each job: the position held, duration of that position, the job title, contact information for the student’s supervisor or manager, and a description of the work. Students must always report employment to BIO online through our  Student SEVIS Update  (SSU) form. See  OPT Reporting Requirements .

Changing Employers / Multiple Employers

Students may have multiple jobs and change jobs as many times as they wish during OPT, provided that all employment is directly related to their field of study and the work is a minimum of 20 hours per week. No special permission is required to change employers. However, you must update your employer information in BIO's online  Student SEVIS Update (SSU) within 10 days of the change.  See  OPT Reporting Requirements .

Rules and Reporting Requirements on OPT

While on OPT, students must follow certain rules and regulations to maintain their proper F-1 status in the U.S.

Rules to follow while on OPT

During the period of OPT authorization, a student should be working or actively seeking employment.

The top 5 rules to remember while on OPT are:

• You may only work from the start date of your EAD card to the end date of your EAD card.
• All employment must be related to your major field of study.
• You must report all employment and address changes to BIO within 10 days of any change (see Reporting Requirements ).
• You are limited to 90 days of unemployment during your OPT.
• The travel signature on page 2 of your I-20 is valid only 6 months while on OPT.

Reporting Requirements

All students on OPT are required to report their current address and employment information within 10 days of any change. They are also required to report if they end their OPT early. Please see OPT Reporting Requirements  for more information regarding your reporting obligations during OPT. 

Taking classes while on OPT

Time spent going to school should only be an incidental part of your stay in the United States. You must be maintaining the primary purpose of OPT.  Beginning a full-time or degree-seeking program of study while on OPT is not allowed.

If you decide to go back to school full-time, you will need to transfer your SEVIS Record and I-20 to the new school. If returning to UC Berkeley, you'll need to obtain a new I-20 to reflect your new degree. See below.

Paying & Reporting Taxes

While on OPT, you are subject to all applicable federal, state, and local taxes and must file a tax report. See more information at Taxes in the U.S.

Health Insurance

Students who complete a program of study are no longer eligible to purchase a Student Health Insurance Plan (SHIP).  Health insurance is highly recommended due to the high cost of health care in the United States.

The Tang Center  has information about insurance plans that can be purchased after graduation. BIO is aware of the following providers that have F-1 OPT health insurance options. BIO does not endorse any particular plans, and students should research and compare plans to determine if the coverage is sufficient for their needs.

• Compass Student Insurance:  https://www.studenthealthusa.com/
• Cultural Insurance Services International:  https://www.culturalinsurance.com/
• International Student Insurance:  https://www.internationalstudentinsurance.com/student-health-insurance/
• International Student Protection:  http://intlstudentprotection.com/
• ISO Insurance:  https://www.isoa.org/
• PGH Global:  https://www.pghstudent.com/
• PSI Health Insurance:  https://www.psiservice.com/

Travel on OPT

Please see our  OPT Travel page  for more information regarding what you need to travel with while on OPT.

Extensions of OPT

In some cases, students may apply to extend their 12-month OPT.

H-1B Visa and Cap Gap Extensions

A  Cap-Gap Extension  extends an eligible F-1 student's status between the end of F-1 status while on OPT and start of H-1B status. This allows the student to remain in the United States during the "gap."

24-Month STEM Extension

Students who have received a U.S. Bachelor’s, Master’s, or Doctoral degree in a STEM field (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) may be eligible to apply for a  24 Month STEM Extension  of post-completion OPT (for a total eligibility of up to 36 months of OPT). You must apply for the STEM Extension before the end date of your EAD card.

Options After OPT/Ending OPT

You are allowed a 60-day grace period following your OPT expiration date to leave the United States, change your visa status, or transfer your F-1 record to a new school or program. In some cases, you may want to pursue these options before the end of your OPT. If you remain in the United States past the end of your 60-day grace period without transferring to a new school or progam or having applied for a timely filed Change of Status, this is a violation of your F-1 status and could lead to current or future consequences to your US visa record.

Leaving the United States

If your plan is to depart the United States after OPT, you must do so within your 60-day grace period. You must stop working by the end date on your EAD card.

If you are leaving the United States before the end date on your EAD, you must report this to Berkeley International Office so we can update your SEVIS record. See Reporting the Early Completion of your OPT  for step-by-step instructions.

Changing visa status

During OPT: If you are approved for a change of visa status  during  your OPT,  you must report this to Berkeley International Office so we can update your SEVIS record. See  Reporting the Early Completion of your OPT  for step-by-step instructions

After OPT : If you have a pending or approved change of status when or after your OPT ends, c heck with the immigration legal counsel working on your change of status application to determine what options are available to you and if you may remain in the United States past the end of your 60-day grace period without a negative impact to your immigration status

H-1B : If you have a pending or approved change of status to H-1B , you may be eligible for a  Cap-Gap Extension I-20 . Please consult with the immigration legal counsel working on your case.

Going back to school in the United States

During OPT: Beginning a full-time program of study while on OPT is not allowed. If you wish to start a new program while on OPT, the remainder of the OPT must be forfeited before beginning classes with the new program. If you are beginning a program of study at another  U.S. school, you must  request a  Transfer Out  of your F-1 SEVIS record to another school. If you are beginning a new program of study at UC Berkeley, you must request a Change of Level I-20 .  See  Reporting the Early Completion of your OPT  for step-by-step instructions

After OPT:  If you are planning to go back to school after your OPT, y ou will need to  request a  Transfer Out  of your F-1 SEVIS record to another school or request a  Change of Level I-20 if returning to UC Berkeley. This must be done before the end of the 60-day grace period following the OPT end date.

Students should keep in mind the following points when deciding on when to request a Transfer Out of their SEVIS record:

• After the SEVIS transfer release date has passed, students may not continue working on OPT, even if the Employment Authorization Document (EAD) has not expired. The release date, in effect, cancels the EAD.
• The SEVIS transfer release date can be within the OPT period dates listed on the EAD or up to 60 days after the expiration date on the EAD.
• Classes at the new school must begin within 5 months of the transfer release date or the end date on the EAD, whichever is earlier.
• Students may request a release date in the future and continue working on OPT until that date as long as the EAD has not expired and the new program of study has not yet begun.
• If the time period between the OPT end date and the start date of classes at the new school will be more than five months, please meet with a BIO adviser to discuss your options.

If interested in joining a program that does not have the authorization to admit F-1 students and thus cannot issue an I-20, students should discuss their options with the International Student Adviser at that school.

OPT Tutorial

Click the image to access the tutorial.

Spring 2024 OPT Document Check Workshop Schedule

Useful Employment and Career Links

• Social Security Numbers
• Berkeley Career Engagement's Int'l Student Website
• Networking & Mingling
• U.S. Tax Reporting Requirements
• UC Berkeley Departments: Hiring Employees on F-1 OPT/STEM OPT
• U.S. Employer Guide for Hiring Int'l Students
• Student Discovery Hub
• Safe Practices for Researching Employers

Employment Workshops & Webinars

Join us at these events to get advice and resources about your job and career search in the U.S.

• iHopkins Login

• Travel While on OPT

Travel While OPT Application is Pending

International travel while an OPT application is pending can be risky and is not generally recommended.  

Important Considerations:  

• OPT applications must be filed from inside of the U.S. Do not depart the U.S. before your OPT application is filed, especially if it is after your I-20 program end date. 
• When you submit your OPT application to USCIS, you must provide a U.S. mailing address that is valid for 3-4 months. USCIS will send notices and your Employment Authorization Document (EAD) here. If you are outside of the U.S., you may miss these important notices.
• If your OPT is approved while you are outside of the U.S., you may be expected to have your EAD for re-entry to the U.S.  
• If your OPT is denied while outside of the U.S., you will not be allowed re-entry in F-1 status.  
• If your F-1 visa is expired or will expire while you are outside of the U.S., it is very difficult to renew your F-1 visa while your OPT is pending. We recommend you have your EAD before you attempt to apply for a new F-1 visa at the U.S. Embassy. 

Even with the required documentation, OIS can never guarantee entry to the United States as the decision is up to the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Officer at the U.S. Port of Entry.  

Please be aware that if you do choose to travel while your application is pending and have difficulties returning to the U.S., OIS may be of limited assistance.  

The chart below may help you decide whether you should travel internationally:  

Travel After OPT is Approved

If your post-completion OPT has been approved (your EAD has been issued by USCIS) and you have a job or a job offer, you may leave and re-enter the US in order to begin/resume employment. In order to have the best chance of re-entering the US without problems, you should be sure you have the following documents:

• Passport (valid for six months after you plan to re-enter the U.S.)
• Valid F-1 visa stamp in your passport*
• I-20 (with a valid travel signature no older than six months)
• Evidence that you already have a job in the U.S. or that you have a job offer

If you need to apply for a new F-1 visa, you should be sure to have your EAD and evidence that you already have a job in the US or that you have a job offer in addition to the usual documents required for a visa application.

Travel While OPT STEM Extension Application is Pending

If your post-completion OPT has not expired yet, you can travel as usual on your approved OPT. If your OPT has expired and your STEM application is still under review, we would recommend you do not travel outside the US. If you believe you must travel, you should take:

• Passport (valid for six months after you plan to re-enter the US)
• OPT EAD 
• I-797c Receipt Notice showing that USCIS is reviewing your STEM application
• Evidence that you already have a job in the US or that you have a job offer
• (suggested) a copy of your I-983 training plan

Please note it is extremely difficult to renew your F-1 visa while your STEM application is pending, we recommend you only try to renew your F-1 visa after the STEM EAD is issued and you have it in hand along with the other evidence required to apply for a visa application.

Travel After OPT STEM Extension is Approved

Students who wish to travel outside the US during their OPT STEM Extension should take the following with them:

• EAD issued for the STEM extension
• Letter of Employment or Offer Letter from employer

OPT Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

A note of visa renewals.

Please be aware that an F-1 visa renewal is not guaranteed and you could find yourself subject to delays, including  Administrative Processing . 

If you have any questions or concerns, please email [email protected] or call (667)208-7001.

*The visa stamp requirement does not apply to Canadian citizens.

• Travel Information
• Visa Renewal
• Special Administrative Processing
• Automatic Revalidation
• Travel in H-1B Status
• Travel in J-1 ECFMG Status
• Travel in O-1 Status
• Emergency Information

Office of International Services   

©2013-2024 The Johns Hopkins Office of International Services. All rights reserved. Baltimore, Maryland.

Official website of the Department of Homeland Security

• SEVIS Help Hub

F-1 Optional Practical Training (OPT)

• Student Records
• F/M Student Employment

Quick Links:

Recommend optional practical training, edit opt request, cancel/withdraw opt request, report opt participation, post-completion opt and unemployment, opt-related sevis alerts and lists, view opt employment information, h-1b cap-gap extension of opt, correcting opt data: correction requests and data fixes.

Expand All | Collapse All

F-1 students often want to work. However, employment opportunities are limited, and strict rules apply. This document discusses different types of optional practical training (OPT) including: required forms, processes, and updating SEVIS.

What is Optional Practical Training?

Optional practical training is one type of work permission available for eligible F-1 students. It allows students to get real-world work experience related to their field of study.

While a Designated School Official (DSO) recommends OPT in SEVIS, it is the student who must apply for the work permit with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS). If the OPT is approved, USCIS will issue an Employment Authorization Document (EAD). The student must not begin working before the start date on the EAD.

Regulations and Policy Guidance

Complex rules and guidance apply to OPT. Any OPT requests entered into SEVIS must comply with federal regulations. DSOs must understand the following regulations and policy guidance:

8 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 214.2(f)(10) through (13) 8 CFR 274a.12(c)(3) SEVP Policy Guidance on OPT SEVP Policy Guidance: Practical Training – Determining a Direct Relationship between Employment and a Student’s Major Area of Study

There are three general types of OPT:

OPT Request Statuses

The table below lists the statuses used to identify the stages of OPT requests in SEVIS. 

OPT Eligibility

A student is eligible for OPT if:

• Conservatory
• The student is not studying English as a Second Language.
• The student’s proposed employment relates to the student’s major area of study. For more information see  SEVP Policy Guidance: Practical Training – Determining a Direct Relationship between Employment and a Student’s Major Area of Study .
• The student has not used all optional practical training available at the current level of study.
• The student has not been authorized for 12 months or more of full-time Curricular Practical Training (CPT).

Full-time CPT at a previous school at the same program level counts toward the CPT 12month total affecting OPT. CPT at another program level does not affect OPT.

OPT Process at a Glance

Remind your F-1 students: 

Not to file the Form I-765, “Application for Employment Authorization,” until you have recommended OPT in their SEVIS records, and they have the updated Form I-20 with the OPT recommendation.  

They must file within the 30-day period after your DSO OPT recommendation. 

If a student submits the Form I-765 on paper or electronically before you recommend the OPT or after the 30-day post-DSO recommendation period: 

USCIS will deny the application. (Federal regulations require the DSO OPT recommendation on the student SEVIS record before the Form I-765 is submitted.)  

The student will lose the application fee. 

The student will have to reapply for OPT and pay the fee again. 

IMPORTANT: Making these mistakes can dramatically delay the final USCIS authorized OPT start date.

The OPT application process involves many players and several steps:

Any F-1 Optional Practical Training request in Requested status longer than 180 days is automatically canceled by SEVIS. 

Form I-765 Filing Deadlines Once DSO Requests OPT in SEVIS

If the student does not file a Form I-765, the DSO should cancel the OPT request in SEVIS. 

DSOs must be mindful of several key dates when entering OPT in SEVIS.

Post-Completion OPT Planning Tool : This Excel spreadsheet allows users to calculate the amount of OPT available for a student and generates suggested timelines for a student, based on the Program End Date and the desired OPT start date.

Recommend OPT

• SEVIS will not allow DSOs to request overlapping segments of OPT. You must specify if the OPT is pre-completion or post-completion OPT and must be either full or part part-time. 
• DSOs should verify and, if necessary, shorten the program end date on the Form I-20 before recommending a student for post-completion OPT

To recommend OPT:

1.    Go to the Student Information page.

2.    Click OPT Request . The OPT Employment page opens. 

3. Click New OPT Request . The Add OPT Employment page opens. 

4. Enter information relevant to the OPT authorization.

5. Review the information. Click either Save or Cancel :

Cancel:  Returns to the  OPT Employment  page without saving. 

Save: Submits the OPT request. An  Update Successful  message displays.

To recommend an additional period of OPT, click New OPT Request and repeat Steps 4 and 5.

The start and end dates for segments of OPT cannot overlap. 

• Print I‑20 : Prints the Form I‑20 with the OPT recommendation. 

Once the Certificate of Eligibility (Form I-20) has been submitted, the DSO must sign page one of the form. 

Form I-20 is given to the student. 

Find more information on allowable electronic signatures and Form I-20 transmission in SEVP’s policy guidance Use of Electronic Signatures and Transmission for the Form I-20 .

• Return to Employment List : Returns the user to the OPT Employment page. The newly added OPT employment   will be on the list. 

• Review the information on the OPT Employment page. To make changes to the existing OPT request, click   Edit . (See Edit OPT Request below for detailed edit instructions.)

Click either Print I-20 or Return : 

Print I-20 : Prints the Form I-20.  

Return : Returns the user to the Student Information page. 

OPT information can be edited depending on the status of the OPT request: 

To edit an OPT request:

1. Click OPT Request on the Student Information page. The OPT Employment page opens.

2. Click Edit to the right of the OPT segment to be edited. The Edit OPT Employment page opens.

3. Make any necessary edits:

4. Click either Save or Cancel:

• Cancel : Returns the user to the OPT Employment page without updating the employment segment. 
• Save: Updates this employment request in the student’s record. An Update Successful message indicates if the edit was successful. Click either Print I-20 or Return to Employment List :

• Print I 20 : Prints the Form I-20 with the OPT recommendation.
• Once the Certificate of Eligibility (Form I-20) has been submitted, the DSO must sign page one of the form.
• Form I-20 is given to the student.
• Find more information on allowable electronic signatures and Form I-20 transmission in SEVP’s policy guidance Use of Electronic Signatures and Transmission for the Form I-20 . 
• Return to Employment List : Returns to the OPT Employment page.

An OPT request can be canceled in SEVIS ONLY if the OPT Request is in Requested status. 

Cancel OPT Request

To cancel an OPT request:

1.      Go to the Student Information page.

2.      Click OPT Request . The OPT Employment page opens.

3. Click Cancel Request  next to the segment of OPT you want to cancel. A Confirm Cancelation of Request page opens.

4. Click either Yes or No :

• No:  Returns the user to the OPT Employment page without canceling the OPT request.
• Click Print I-20 to print the Form I-20.
• Click Return to return to the Student Information page.

The student’s OPT status in the Student Requests section updates to Canceled.

Withdraw OPT Request

Once an OPT request status changes to Pending, the student must write USCIS to withdraw the OPT application. The request must:

• Be sent to the USCIS Service Center processing the application. The address is on the USCIS-issued Receipt Notice sent to the student.
• Include the receipt number USCIS assigned the case when it was filed.

While on OPT, a student is required to report the following to their DSO:

• Change in student’s legal name.
• Change in student’s address while on OPT.
• Changes in employment or interruption of employment.

Students can enter employment information using the SEVP Portal or DSOs can update SEVIS to reflect the changes. Employment information must be updated in a timely manner.

For additional related information, see:  8 CFR 214.2(f)(12)(ii)(E)  SEVP OPT Policy Guidance F-1 Add, Edit, Delete Optional Practical Training (OPT) Employer View Employment Information Unemployment Counter SEVIS and the SEVP Portal SEVP Portal Student User Guide

DSOs are expected to add, edit, or delete employer information in a timely manner.

While students are not required to have an employer when OPT is requested in SEVIS, students authorized for post-completion OPT are expected to be employed. A student on post-completion OPT can be unemployed for a total of 90 days.

• A student whose record lacks employer information is considered unemployed.
• SEVP officials can manually terminate a student who accrues 90 total days of unemployment.
• See the Unemployment Counter article on the SEVIS Help Hub for more information.

The following Alert List and Student Lists in SEVIS help DSOs monitor and manage students on OPT:

DSOs can view a student’s OPT information on the following pages, which are accessed through the View section of the Student Information page:

• Request/Authorization Details page :  Lists only current authorizations.
• Employment Information page: Lists all employment authorizations linked to the SEVIS ID.

For additional related information, see:

• View Employment Information

SEVIS will automatically extend post-completion OPT or 24-month science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) extension of OPT if:

• On or after April 1, an employer files an eligible H-1B petition to change the student’s status.
• The requested start date for the H-1B is October 1.
• The student’s OPT or 17-month OPT extension ends on or after April 1.
• Review the F-1 Cap Gap Extension   article for information on how to add or edit cap gap information on a record.

If OPT information in SEVIS does not reflect applications filed with or decisions made by USCIS, DSOs can ask to have the record corrected. There are two ways to correct data in a student record.

What's New

Try the Facebook Chatbot

Visit the tool on the Study in the States Facebook page to learn how to become an F or M international student in the United States.

Learn About Summer Employment

While employed this summer, make sure you have all the relevant information on maintaining your student status, and the steps you must take before returning to school. 

See the SEVIS Help Icons on the SEVIS Help Hub for a quick-reference of the icons used in this user guide.

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F-1 optional practical training (OPT)

International Student and Scholar Services now offers our OPT workshop online . You can access the pre-recorded workshop on Media Space here or by using the button below. The workshop lasts approximately 20-30 minutes.

Still have questions after watching the online workshop? We've got answers! Join Express Advising sessions online! Visit the ISSS calendar for the full list of sessions offered.

• ISSS has received temporary permission to send I-20 documents electronically during this time. The OPT I-20 will be attached to the approval e-mail. Students must print off this document and sign and date it.
• The lockbox location has changed. Please check the USCIS website for the updated filing address for your OPT application.
• When applying for OPT, please only submit one OPT application, either online or through the mail. DO NOT submit both. This could result in the denial of both applications.
• You do not need to upload a separate I-765 if filing electronically. The online form serves as the I-765.
• Effective 4/3/2023, students may request premium processing through USCIS for their OPT application for an additional cost. Visit the USCIS website for full details.

What is OPT?

F-1 post-completion Optional Practical Training (OPT) allows F-1 students to be employed in the United States one year after completion of studies. Graduate students may apply for OPT after finishing all coursework but prior to thesis deposit and/or defense. Employment must be directly related to field of study and correspond with education level. Multiple employers are permitted; however, each position must be related to field of study and reported to ISSS. No job offer is needed to apply. However, OPT applicants are only allowed a total of 90 days unemployment during their initial 12-month OPT period.

Eligibility Requirements

• Are you completing the degree (non-thesis track) or finishing your required coursework (thesis track)
• Have you studied for a minimum of two semesters (Fall & Spring), directly prior to your completion of studies?
• Do you have a valid passport?
• Are you in valid F-1 status?
• If you have engaged in CPT employment, have you complied with all registration requirements?

Dates & Deadlines

• You may apply up to 90 days before your program end date.*
• The deadline to apply is the 60th day after your program end date.*
• You must select an OPT start date within the 60-day period after your program end date. Please note that this date is not guaranteed, as USCIS will determine the actual start date of your authorization.
• *Grad students on thesis-track -- the program end date is variable. Please refer to the OPT workshop and consult with ISSS if you have further questions. If you will hold an assistantship or tuition waiver, please consult the Graduate College policy BEFORE shortening your program.

The application MUST be received by USCIS within 30 days of ISSS creating a new I-20 or OPT will be denied. If it has been more than 30 days since your OPT I-20 was issued and you have not mailed off your application, please contact us . ISSS will cancel the current request. You must then complete and submit the OPT Re-request e-form through iSTART. Please do not submit a Reprint Request for this purpose.

Application Process

Please submit an OPT I-20 request e-form through iSTART to receive your new I-20 with ISSS recommendation for OPT. Click here to access the OPT Request e-form . You will also need to pay the $100 OPT Management Fee before your new I-20 can be processed. Please click here to make your payment.

Assemble Documents

• Always check the USCIS forms page to make sure you are using the latest form version and paying the correct fee.
• I-765 filing fee is payable by personal check, money order OR credit card payment with use of form G-1450 .
• Two identical immigration-style photos taken within 30 days of filing Form I-765. Photos should be placed in a clear Ziploc-type bag. For more photo guidelines, please refer to the “Color Photo Specifications” section below, or visit the U.S State Department website. ISSS recommends photos be taken professionally to comply with photo regulations.
• Copy of pages 1 & 2 of Form I-20 printed with the OPT endorsement, signed by the DSO and student on page 1.
• Form I-765 (Please follow instructions on USCIS website. Guidelines from ISSS available below.)
• "All previously used SEVIS numbers" and
• "Evidence of any previously authorized CPT or OPT and the academic level at which it was authorized.
• Photocopy of Form I-94 ( electronic Form I-94) printout or both sides of cardstock I-94 copied).
• Photocopies of the following passport pages:
• Passport ID pages: photo page, page with passport validity dates, including renewal page if original has expired, and pages showing amendments such as name changes, corrections, etc.
• Most recent F-1 entry visa page (if any).

Optional: You may also include the optional form G-1145 e-Notification of Application to receive a confirmation that your application has been received by USCIS. This is NOT your official receipt notice.

The I-765 must be properly and timely filed with USCIS. The student must file an OPT application (signed I-765, signed I-20, and fee) within 30 days of the DSO's OPT recommendation in SEVIS, AND within other OPT filing deadlines. You MUST apply from within the U.S.

Mailing Your Application

Please view the USCIS Direct Filing Addresses for Form I-765 page for full mailing addresses. It instructs filers to submit these applications to the USCIS Chicago Lockbox, at:

For U.S. Postal Service (USPS): U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Chicago Lockbox Attn: I-765 C03 P.O. Box 805373 Chicago, IL 60680 For FedEx, UPS, and DHL deliveries: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Attn: I-765 C03 (Box 805373) 131 South Dearborn - 3rd Floor Chicago, IL 60603-5517

Note: Mail by "Certified Mail with a Return Receipt Requested" or "Express/Overnight with Delivery Confirmation." Make photocopies of all documents you send for your records.

USCIS is now accepting I-765 OPT applications online. You can find more information about the online application on the USCIS website .

**Before sending your application, please be sure to confirm the Lockbox mailing information for your application on The USCIS Direct Filing Addresses for Form I-765 page .**

Completing the I-765 (post-completion OPT - 12 months)

IMPORTANT: Please make sure to use the most recent version of the form I-765.

Please follow the I-765 instructions provided on the USCIS website, particularly page 15 - 19. For your reference, please see below for general guidelines to assist you.

• For the initial OPT application, this is considered to be ‘ initial permission to accept employment’.
• Provide basic biographical information about yourself. Note: If using a friend or relative’s address, complete Question #5.a (In Care of Name).
• Question #26 – provide your CURRENT SEVIS number, listed at the top of your I-20 document.
• Question #27 – (C)(3)(B) is the eligibility category for POST-completion OPT. You are NOT required to complete Question 28 as a result.
• Don't forget to sign within the 'Applicant's Signature' box. Signature should not touch the lines or go beyond the space provided.
• In general, Part 4 and Part 5 do not apply to student's applying for OPT as students do not generally have an interpreter assisting with the application.
• This section can be used to provide information on previously used SEVIS numbers and to indicate attached files such as previous EAD, approval notice and I-20s.
• List previously used SEVIS numbers and indicate "previous CPT/OPT authorization documents attached."
• Put 'N/A' if a question does not apply to you.
• You must complete and submit ALL 7 pages with your application.

Color Photo Specifications

You must submit two identical color passport-style photographs of yourself taken recently (within 30 days of filing form I-765).

The photos must have:

• A white or off-white background, be printed on thin paper with a glossy finish, and be unmounted and unretouched.
• The two identical passport-style photos must be 2 by 2 inches.
• The photos must be in color with a full face, frontal view, on a white to off-white background.
• Head height should measure 1 to 1 3/8 inches from the top of your hair to the bottom of your chin, and eye height is between 1 1/8 to 1 3/8 inches from the top of your eyes to the bottom of photo.
• Your head must be bare unless you are wearing headwear as required by a religious denomination of which you are a member.
• Using a pencil or felt pen, lightly print your name and SEVIS number on the back of the photos.

Maintaining F-1 status while on OPT

• Students with a program end date in August are limited to holding a 50% assistantship in summer prior to program end date, and must register for a full course load or have a reduced course load in place for that semester.
• Check with ISSS prior to international travel - travel endorsements need renewing every six months while on OPT
• Keep ISSS updated with any changes in home address, employer (including being unemployed), and email address, by visiting iStart within 10 days of the change.
• While on OPT, you are allowed to be unemployed for up to 90 days (cumulative throughout your OPT period).
• Prior to leaving the university, update UI-Integrate with your preferred non-university e-mail address.
• You will not be able to hold student employment on campus after your program end date. This includes hourly and graduate assistant work done on the Illinois campus. As ending your program early can result in the loss of your tuition waiver, we recommend you review the Graduate College policy on tuition waivers before shortening your I-20.
• Do not withdraw your registration after you apply for or receive OPT.  If you do, ISSS must terminate your F-1 record.
• Once you receive your Notice of Action Form (2-3 weeks after applying) you can use the case number and provided web address to follow the status of your application.
• You may not begin your OPT employment until you receive your Employment Authorization Document (EAD) and the effective date on the card has been reached. 
• Once you receive your EAD card, please submit a copy via the OPT Employer Information Update e-form in iStart, when you report OPT employment.
• Submit OPT Employer Information Update e-form within 10 days of employment (including reporting unemployment). The e-form will only be available in iStart after your OPT start date. You will receive a new I-20 with employer information listed.
• Submit address updates whenever you move within the U.S.
• If you are a beneficiary of a timely filed H-1B petition requesting an employment start date of October 1st of the following fiscal year your work authorization under OPT will automatically extend to October 1st. However, the extension of duration of status and work authorization would automatically terminate upon the rejection, denial or revocation of the H-1B petition filed on your behalf.  If your status has been extended, you are responsible for reporting this information to ISSS so we can ensure your SEVIS record has been updated with the extension.
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• While on Optional Practical Training (OPT)

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ISS offers virtual drop-in advising throughout the week.

No appointment needed! Click the button below or visit our Contact Us page for details. 

Travel while on Optional Practical Training (OPT)

Find out what students need for international travel & re-entry to the United States during OPT.

Travel Documents Needed

• Unexpired passport valid until at least 6 months into the future
• Under certain limited circumstances, a nonimmigrant (F-1/F-2 or J-1/J-2 may re-enter the U.S. with an expired visa provided that they meet the eligibility requirements for  Automatic Revalidation .     
• Learn how to get a travel signature.
• Valid Employment Authorization Document (EAD card)
• Be sure that this employment is reflected in the SEVP Portal. If you have not reported your employment information and U.S. Address to SEVP, follow instructions in the Maintaining F-1 Status While on Post-Completion OPT  or Maintaining F-1 Status While on the OPT STEM Extension  pages.

If you have F-2 dependents, they should also carry a copy of your EAD, I-20 and employment letter.

If you have not yet found employment, we advise you not to travel as you may have difficulty re-entering the U.S.

Travel with a Pending OPT

If you will return to the U.S. after the end of your final semester, then we do not recommend international travel until your OPT is approved, you have your EAD and a job offer.

If you are currently enrolled and will return to the U.S. before the end of the semester, your re-entry will be based on your return as a current student. Please consider the following when deciding to travel with a pending OPT application:

• If there are any problems with your OPT application, like an intent to deny or a request for additional evidence and you are outside the U.S., it may be difficult for you to respond.
• If you are outside the U.S. and your OPT application is rejected or denied, it may not be possible for you to return to the U.S.
• If your OPT application is approved while you are outside the U.S., you must have your EAD card in your possession to re-enter the U.S.  (USCIS will only mail EAD cards to a U.S. address.)
• If your OPT is approved while you are outside the U.S., you may also be asked to show proof of employment to re-enter the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has the right to deny entry.

If you still decide to travel despite these risks, we recommend carrying the following documents:

• Unexpired passport        
• Unexpired F-1 visa stamp (Canadian citizens are exempt from this requirement).  
• The signature must not be more than six months old when you re-enter the U.S.
• I-797 USCIS receipt notice for your pending OPT application.
• Job offer letter or proof that you are actively searching for a job (communication about upcoming interviews, etc.)
• If you have a pending OPT STEM Extension, then you must bring your current OPT EAD.

Travel during OPT STEM Extension

If your Post-Completion EAD has expired, we do not recommend international travel while your OPT STEM extension is pending.

• Unexpired F-1 visa stamp (Canadian citizens are exempt.)  
• Valid Employment Authorization Document (EAD card). EADs include a statement "not valid for re-entry" which means that the card alone is not sufficient without the other documents listed here.
• Proof of employment - A letter or contract from your employer confirming employment or a job offer.

Updating your I-20 Travel Endorsement

If you plan to travel outside the U.S. and the signature on page 2 of your OPT I-20 will be more than six months old at the time of re-entry, you need a new travel endorsement signature on your I-20.

To request an updated I-20, log in to  UB Global  and click "Optional Practical Training", then "OPT Travel Endorsement Request".

Please submit your request at least 10 business days before you plan to leave the U.S. Check our e-form processing page for current processing times.

Visa Stamp Renewal during OPT

A valid visa is necessary if your current visa stamp is expired, you are attempting to re-enter the U.S. and you do not qualify for automatic revalidation.  Since OPT is a F-1 benefit, an F-1 visa is necessary if you are returning to resume OPT employment. To apply for a new F-1 visa, you should go to a U.S. Embassy or Consulate, preferably in your home country.

The process to apply for a visa while on OPT is very similar to when you were an enrolled student. In addition to the documents explained here , be sure to have available proof of your employment. Since F-1 is a non-immigrant status, you may be expected to document or discuss your plans to return to your home country after your OPT is complete. While you are on OPT, the risk of denial of your F-1 visa application may be higher than when you were a student.  If the Consular Officer is not convinced of your intent to return home after your OPT ends, or they are concerned about your financial situation, or any aspect of your interview or documentation, your F-1 visa application may be denied. 

If your Post-Completion OPT or STEM OPT application is still pending, we do not recommend applying for a new F-1 visa until your OPT application is approved and your have your EAD.

When preparing for a visa interview while on OPT, you should have the following documents:

• DS-160 confirmation page with your application ID number on it (additional DS-160 information can be found at  travel.state.gov ).

Tips for Your DS-160

U.s. point of contact.

If you're not sure who to put as your contact? UB students can use ISS's information:

• Name: Kathryn Tudini
• Email: [email protected]
• Phone: 716-645-2258

Intended Length of Stay

ISS cannot answer this question for you. We recommend you use your best estimate on the time you need to complete your program. You can contact your academic department for an estimate if you are not sure.

Your answer to this question does not determine the  length of your visa .

ISS cannot provide detailed guidance on completing your DS-160. If you have questions we recommend contacting your local embassy or consulate for assistance.

• It should include employment details such as salary (if it is a paid position), location, job duties and beginning date.
• Your valid passport
• Your I-20 with OPT recommendation and unexpired signature on page 2
• Your valid EAD card
• Financial documents if your employment is unpaid or if your salary is not sufficient to cover all living expenses.
• Proof that you will maintain a residence in your home country and will return there.
• Personal, Professional, Financial ties to your home country
• Any other document required by the US Embassy/Consulate

You should be prepared to discuss how this job experience will help you find a job in your home country.       

We also recommend that you review the Applying for a U.S. Visa page on our website and these  tips on applying for a visa .

Unemployment and Travel Outside the U.S.

Time spent outside the U.S. while on OPT still counts as unemployment if you do not have a job. If you have a job, and will remain employed during your time spent outside the U.S., then this does not count as unemployment.

Cap Gap Extension & Travel

We recommend consulting with the attorney who filed your H-1B application before making any travel plans during your Cap Gap Extension. It is important to discuss with your attorney how travel could impact your H-1B application. ISS cannot advise on H-1B related topics.

Due to risk and potential complexities, we generally do not recommend traveling outside the U.S. and seeking readmission to the U.S. as an F-1 student during the Cap Gap Extension. We are aware of USCIS guidance explaining a very specific situation where travel during the Cap Gap extension is possible; however, we recommend exercising caution and consulting with your attorney before making any plans. 

F1 OPT Students- Guidelines for Smooth Travel and Re-entry

F1 OPT Students: Guidelines for Smooth Travel and Re-entry

Introduction

F1 visa holders are those international students eligible to get a work permit for 12 months. They must be enrolled in any full-time course in the English language in any educational institution based in the USA. These F1 visa-holding students are authorized to work under Optional Practical Training OPT .  International students who look for OPT jobs in USA, have to complete the documentation within a stipulated time. There are some rules and procedures that are to be followed by the candidates, to begin with OPT jobs.

OPT Students must find OPT jobs in the related field of their education, and not otherwise. OPT candidates can choose to work with more than one recruiter at a time. The OPT candidates can work either at the pre-completion or post-completion OPT. STEM OPT students can request to file for an extension of up to 36 months.

The Documents You Need to Travel on an OPT

An international student must be ready to go through a typical process of filing documentation. Passports and other forms are part of the process. Let’s see what mandatory documents that are needed by the OPT candidates to file for OPT jobs in USA and to become eligible for the work permit.

1- A Valid Passport – First of all, they need a Valid Passport which will help them in flying out of the USA. They can travel outside of the USA while their approval of the employment authorization document is pending. The passport must not be expired as it will attract more problems for the candidate abroad.

2- F1 Visa Status – Those international students who apply for a work permit while they are enrolled in any academic program. The educational institution must be based in the USA. The F1 visa status must not be expired while an OPT student is planning to travel outside the USA. They must get the stamp for eligibility for an F1 visa while traveling out of the USA, and while their re-entry the visa status must be active. The visa status must be active before returning to the USA, if it is not active the OPT candidates must apply for the same.

3- I-20 form – while the OPT students are completing their course they can travel outside of the USA. they must take approval from the Designated School Officer, and they can travel only if their educational institution approves their request for travel. They need to update all the required documents with the I-20 form. They can travel while the EAD is pending, which is essential for F1 OPT jobs.

4- An employment Authorization Document – EAD can be termed the backbone of the documents. It is needed while traveling out of the USA and while returning to the USA. Even if the OPT candidates have not received their EAD while traveling out they will need it to come back.

5- Other – other documents are required by the candidate for the procedure of filing for the OPT.

They need proof to show that they are enrolled in any college or university which is based in the USA, to become eligible for the work permit. If an OPT candidate wants to travel outside of the USA they need a document stating their proof of enrollment in a specific educational institution.

They must also have an I-797 notice of action, it is required if any candidate wants to travel outside of the USA, while their EAD is pending.

If an OPT candidate wants to travel outside the USA after their academic program is completed. They need an employment letter also, which must be related to their current employment.

OPT candidates must also have documents supporting their financial stability.

During these times they must also show their COVID-19 vaccination-related documents and mandatory COVID-19 tests.

Suggestions to avoid rejection of an OPT and EAD or OPT STEM extension application

For those international students who aspire to build a life in the USA, it is important to acquire relevant experience in a related field of their academics. This professional experience helps them to stand out from a crowd of workers. It is equally important, to begin with, the filing and to sum up the documentation on time. Even if an OPT candidate is planning to travel outside the USA while their approval is pending they must ensure these steps:

• The candidates must regularly check the status of their application related to OPT and EAD.
• The application for filing for EAD and OPT must be completed on time. It must be done within the stipulated period and it must be done before you plan to travel outside of the USA.
• OPT candidates must choose suitable schedules which are not inconsistent with other engagements or while they are out and unavailable for the OPT.
• If you are not in the USA and EAD and OPT application is rejected. It will directly affect your F1 status, and you will not enjoy the same status.
• For re-application, the OPT candidate must have Employment Authorization Document. It will serve as the evidence of their employment.

FAQs with answers about F1 OPT/OPT STEM/F1 visa traveling outside the United States

1- Can I travel from India to the US on an F1 OPT? If an OPT candidate has their OPT and EAD approved, they can travel anywhere in the whole world. They can re-enter the USA before the beginning of their OPT job.

2- How long can I stay out of the US on STEM OPT? Candidates who are on STEM OPT get the privileged extension of up to 36 months, which is otherwise 12 months for OPT candidates. They can travel outside of the USA for not less than 5 months if they want to re-enter the USA for F1 OPT jobs.

3- Can we travel outside the USA on OPT? OPT candidates can travel outside the USA after completing their graduation. In case they want to re-enter the USA they must have their EAD and OPT approval.

4- How many years can I stay in the USA on an F1 visa? After finishing with the graduation the OPT candidates get 60 days to find a suitable OPT job in USA. An F1 visa is issued for 5 years and the OPT students can live in the USA for their academics and job as it is mentioned and approved in the I-20 form.

5- Is it possible to renew my Visa on OPT and STEM OPT? Yes, the visa can easily be renewed while you are on OPT and STEM OPT.

6- Do you have to stay in the USA while waiting for OPT? An OPT candidate doesn’t need to stay in the USA while waiting for their OPT. They can travel outside the USA while their OPT approval is pending.

While an F1 visa holder is planning to travel outside the USA, they must align a few things. Their trip must not clash with their OPT job date. They must wrap up the filing of an application for OPT and EAD before traveling out of the USA.

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F-1 / OPT Visa Travel FAQs

Q. General Comments about traveling while on F-1 or OPT

As an F-1 student you are required to have non-immigrant intent when you present yourself at a U.S. port of entry. Travel while on F-1 status or OPT, especially after you graduate, can raise the potential that you may be denied admission if you cannot sufficiently establish your non-immigrant intent. . If you do decide to travel, you should prepare documents and be ready to answer questions at the consulate and / or the border about your intention and your ties to your home country.

Q: 1. Can I travel during the 60-day “grace period” after program or OPT Completion?

No. An F-1 student travelling abroad during the 60-day period of time after program or OPT completion (also known as the “grace period”) will not be re-admitted to the U.S. This period is designated for preparing to leave the U.S. only.

Q: 2. Can I travel while my OPT application is pending?

Yes. While it is possible to travel while the OPT application is pending there are certain inherent risks involved. For example, you may receive a Request For Evidence (RFE) while outside of the U.S. and it could be very difficult to respond to the RFE from outside the U.S.

You may travel and re-enter the U.S. while the case is pending and should provide proof that you have a pending OPT application when you seek re-entry.

If the case is approved while you are outside the U.S., you must have the card in-hand to re-enter (see next question below). For this reason, you should be sure that someone is monitoring your U.S. address of record and will be able to forward you any USCIS correspondence.

Q: 3. Can I travel after my OPT is approved?

In general, Yes. To re-enter the U.S. after travel abroad, you will need:

– Your EAD Card

– A form I-20, endorsed for travel by your DSO within the past 6 months

– A valid passport with valid F-1 visa stamp

– Proof of OPT Employment or Job Offer (a letter from your employer and paystubs)

Q: 3.a. What if my F-1 visa has expired?

It depends on where you are going and for how long. In general, entry into the U.S. after travel abroad requires a valid visa stamp. Students who have completed their course of study and are actively using OPT are likely to face great difficulty when applying for F-1 visa stamps and should expect extreme scrutiny and a high chance of denial. However, for certain trips to Canada and Mexico (or certain islands) of 30 days or less, F-1 students may qualify for automatic visa revalidation .

Q: 3.b. What if I don’t have a job yet?

The likelihood of being re-admitted to the U.S. after OPT approval without proof of employment or written employment offer is not high. It is not recommended that you travel until you have secured a job offer or employment.

Q: 3.c. How does time outside the U.S. affect the 90/150 day unemployment limitations?

Time spent outside the U.S. will be counted against the unemployment limitations unless you are able to document that you continued to be employed by the OPT employer or that the travel was required as part of your OPT employment. You should very carefully count periods of unemployment as your admission can be denied if the CBP officer believes you’ve gone over the unemployment limitations.

Q: 4. Can I travel outside of the U.S. if my first period of OPT has expired but my 24-month STEM extension application is pending?

No. If your current OPT is expired and the STEM OPT has not been approved you must wait until your STEM OPT is approved.

Q: 5. Can I travel outside of the U.S. if my 24-month STEM extension is approved?

In general, yes! See our answers to Questions 3.

Q: 6. Can I travel outside the U.S. on F-1 status if my H-1B cap case is currently pending?

If the H-1B cap case was filed a change-of-status and you leave while the case is pending, USCIS may treat the travel as abandonment of the petition and could issue a consular approval notice (which would require travel to take effect) or even deny the H-1B petition. If USCIS approves the case for consular notification in order to work in H-1B status you would have to go abroad for H-1B visa stamping and re-enter the U.S. If you are in this situation, you can return to the U.S. on F-1 (before the cap-gap period has commenced) and even resume employment authorization if you have a valid EAD, employment offer letter, I-20, and valid F-1 visa, but your status will not automatically change to H-1B on Oct. 1st. Please be sure to communicate any anticipated travel with your employer and attorney before filing the H-1B petition.

Q: 7. Can I travel outside the U.S. on F-1 status if my H-1B cap case is approved?

Yes. You can travel on F-1 status, presuming that you have a valid F-1 visa, an I-20, and if on OPT valid EAD, and employment offer letter, and your travel is before the cap-gap period has commenced.

Q: 8. Can I travel during the cap-gap period?

No. A student granted a cap-gap extension who elects to travel outside the United States during the cap-gap extension period will not be able to return in F-1 status.

Cap-gap is an automatic extension of status and / or work authorization extended to F-1 students who have pending H-1B cap cases. The automatic extension of status and / or work authorization is a benefit provided to students with pending H-1B applications that need coverage to bridge the gap between the expiration of their F-1 status and / or OPT work authorization and the first day of their H-1B employment (October 1).

If a student who is benefiting from this automatic extension travels during their cap-gap period, the benefit is rescinded and student will need to remain outside the U.S. until they are able to apply for an H-1B visa at a consular post abroad and re-enter the U.S. in H-1B status. Since work authorization for cap subject H-1B cases do not start until October 1, students should be prepared and adjust travel plans accordingly.

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• For Students

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a benefit and extension of F-1 student status for those who have completed at least two academic semesters in the United States in F-1 status. It lets you apply what you learned in your degree program to off-campus work in your field of study.

Unlike Curricular Practical Training , which you can only use if you are still pursuing your degree, OPT is available to you both before and after graduation. Most students, however, use their OPT after graduation. To support services for the growing population of international students on F-1 OPT and OPT STEM extension , a service fee is charged: $150 to apply for OPT, and $250 to apply for OPT STEM.

Note: Please review important information provided by USCIS on how to avoid OPT/STEM OPT  processing delays at DHS, CIS Ombudsman Tip Sheet (revised Sept. 2023) .

Can I apply for OPT more than once? 

OPT is only available for each higher level of study. For example, you may have 12 months for a bachelor's degree and another 12 months for a master's degree. You are eligible for only one OPT per level of study (e.g. master's), even if you have two degrees.

Can I expedite my application at USCIS?

USCIS will accept Form I-907 premium processing requests from F1 students when their Form I-907 is filed  concurrently  with a Form I-765 employment authorization application.

The Form I-907 premium processing timeframe is 30 calendar days after USCIS receives all prerequisites for the adjudication. USCIS will accept both online and paper filings of Form I-907 for these F-1 EAD applications. Please locate the correct filing at at the USCIS fee website . 

Can I do OPT while I’m still a student? 

You can use some or all of your 12 months of OPT during your course of study—or you can save the full 12 months for after you graduate. Here are the ways you can use OPT while you are still a student:  

• Part-time while school is in session. Part-time OPT will be deducted at one-half the full-time rate from your total allowable OPT.
• Full-time during summer and winter breaks. 
• Full-time after you have completed all course requirements for your degree, but have a thesis requirement remaining.  

How much post-graduate OPT can I receive? 

You can receive at least 12 months of full-time OPT when you complete a degree program, unless you used some or all of your OPT while still a student. The amount of OPT you used as a student is deducted from the allowable 12 months of post-graduation OPT.

When can I apply for post-graduate OPT? 

Apply for OPT no more than 90 days before finishing your degree. If you are an advanced Ph.D. student, apply no more than three months before the end of your registered student status.  

If you intend to leave the United States even for a short time after graduation, remember to apply for OPT before exiting the country. If you depart without applying for OPT, you will no longer be eligible to receive it.

How do I apply for OPT STEM extension? 

You must be on post-graduate OPT to apply for OPT STEM extension. If you are a recent graduate with a degree in an approved science, technology, engineering, or math (STEM) field, you can apply for a STEM extension of your F-1 OPT. The extension will allow you to work in the United States for an additional 24 months. Learn more about the F-1 OPT STEM extension .

OPT Employment Types

Your OPT employment needs to be in your degree field. While you are on OPT, your time unemployed may not exceed 90 days total. Below are the types of employment you can have during the 12-month post-graduation OPT period.

Got a job? Great! 

• Report OPT Employment

How to Apply for OPT

• Request I-20
• Complete I-765
• Download I-94
• Submit Application
• Get EAD Doc

1  Choose a start date. 

You will need to choose a start date for your OPT card. This is important: you may not change this date after you apply for OPT. 

You are allowed to pick a start date anytime within 60 days of the end of your program (your graduation date or the end of exams). If you are a Ph.D. student, there is more leeway in determining your program end date. Please talk with one of our advisors. 

Important factors to weigh when choosing your start date...

• Choose the earliest day that you might want to start working. You can’t begin working before the start date on the OPT card or until you receive your card. Plan for any possibility. For example, what if you get a job offer with the stipulation that you start the day after graduation?  
• If you want the latest possible day to start your work authorization, the last day you may choose is 60 days after your graduation or your last day as a registered student.

Use our timeline tool to choose your program end date and OPT start date.

Choose your end date according to your academic status: 

*Note for graduate students:  If you are ineligible (as per Graduate School guidelines) to register for the summer semester, your I-20 program end date will be the end of the spring semester. If this is the case, you will not be a student over the summer and will not be eligible for on-campus employment and other student benefits.

Timeline Tool

2 pay the opt service fee..

Pay the nonrefundable $150 OPT service fee via  Flywire  or credit card . You will be asked to upload a screenshot or PDF of your purchase confirmation in the form request in Step 3.

3  Request an OPT I-20.  

Request an I-20 updated with a recommendation for OPT from the Office of Global Learning. Pay the service fee and complete the OPT I-20 request form through the myStatus portal . Cornell Tech students: Please navigate to the Cornell Tech header within your myStatus Portal to locate your OPT I-20 request form.

You must wait to receive your OPT I-20 before filing your OPT application with USCIS.

Why do I need an updated I-20 form? 

Your new I-20 will include an Office of Global Learning advisor recommendation for your OPT. You will sign this new 1-20, and submit it with your application to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).  

When should I request my updated I-20?  

Request your updated 1-20 form no earlier than three months before the end of your program or your registered student status, if you are an advanced Ph.D. student, and no later than the last day of your grace period.

How long will it take to get my new I-20?  

We process these requests and create the form in five business days. 

How do I get an 1-20 with a STEM recommendation? 

To get your new 1-20 with a STEM extension, go to the F-1 OPT STEM extension page , and follow the directions. 

4  Complete an I-765 form . 

There two options to apply for OPT. Choose only one of these options.

NOTE:  Effective April 1, 2024, USCIS is implementing a new filing fee  for form I-765.  

Recommended: Online Filing

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) now offers online submission of your OPT application! Follow the directions on the USCIS online application portal. You will need to create an account with USCIS after choosing "File Online" from the USCIS I-765 page .

Hard Copy Mailing 

If you choose paper filing, download the I-765 form from the USCIS website.  Follow these instructions  for filling out the I-765 form. Important: Choose a mailing address for question 5.a where you know can safely receive mail.  Do not choose the Office of Global Learning or a Cornell department. 

Keep a copy of your completed I-765 for your records. If you want to receive electronic notifications about your application, also  fill out the G-1145 form .

5 Download your I-94 .  

You will need your I-94 arrival record that was created when you entered the United States most recently. You will need your passport in front of you to retrieve your record. Go to the "get most recent I-94" tab, and download the page it generates after entering your passport information.

6  Get new photos. 

You will need two  brand-new passport-type photographs . These must have been taken within the last 30 days. Photos that you have previously used for a visa or passport are not permitted.

NOTE: If applying by mail (hard copy mailing), do not cut the photos. USCIS will trim the photos to their preferred dimensions. Clearly write your name and your U.S. admission record number (from your I-94 arrival record) lightly in pencil on the back of each photo. Put the photos in an envelope and attach it to the front of your I-765.

7 Submit your OPT application to USCIS.*

*when applying online, follow the uscis online portal instructions to complete your submission. do not submit anything by mail, if i choose to mail my application, what documents do i need to include.

Form I-765  Choose a mailing address for question 5.a that you know can safely receive mail. Do not choose the Office of Global Learning or a Cornell department.

Two new passport-type photographs . Put the photos in an envelope, and attach the envelope to the front of your I-765.

Form G-1145 , if you want to receive electronic notifications.

Copy of pages 1 and 2 of your new I-20, with your signature on page 1 and the OPT recommendation on page 2.

Copies of all previous I-20s showing CPT and/or OPT.

A printout of your I-94 U. S. Admission Record  (not your travel history) from the United States Customs and Border Protection website, or a copy of your I-94 card.

Copy of the photo identification page of your passport with your passport’s expiration date.

Copy of the F-1 visa page of your passport, even if expired. (If you are a Canadian, you won't have this.) 

Photocopy of your previous OPT card or EAD, if you have one.

A U.S. check or money order for the paper filing fee as indicated on the USCIS I-765 page. Make your check payable to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Cash is not accepted. Attach the fee to the front of your application materials. NOTE:  Effective April 1, 2024, USCIS is implementing a new filing fee  for form I-765.  

Where should I mail the application?  

When applying by mail only, send all documents by certified mail with a return receipt, so that you have a tracking number and proof that USCIS received your application. You can also use a courier service like FedEx or UPS.

Send all documents to the following address:

USCIS Chicago Lockbox

U.S. Postal Service (USPS) Attn: I-765 C03 P.O. Box 805373 Chicago, IL 60680-5374

FedEx, UPS, and DHL deliveries:

USCIS Attn: I-765 C03 (Box 805373) 131 South Dearborn - 3rd Floor Chicago, IL 60603-5517

I-765/I-907 Premium Processing

If you are requesting premium processing services for Form I-765, you must also file Form I-907, Request for Premium Processing Service.

Before you file the Form I-765/I-907 package, check our How Do I Request Premium Processing page to ensure that the requested eligibility category is eligible for premium processing.

U.S. Postal Service (USPS):

USCIS Attn: I-907 P.O. Box 805501 Chicago, IL 60680

USCIS Attn: I-907 (Box 805501) 131 South Dearborn, 3rd Floor Chicago, IL 60603-5517

What is the USCIS deadline to receive my application? 

Make sure your OPT application reaches USCIS no more than 60 days after your graduation date and no more than 30 days after the date on which the Office of Global Learning created your 1-20 with the OPT recommendation. 

What if I miss the USCIS deadline for submitting my application? 

USCIS will deny your OPT application if you miss this deadline.  

8 Wait to get your EAD document. 

It can take up to three months for USCIS to process your OPT application and issue an OPT card. This card is also called an employment authorization document (EAD). Do not begin working until you receive your card. If you do, you could jeopardize your immigration status. Once your case is under way, USCIS will send you a notice of receipt (I-797) in the mail. Please read the notice carefully as it contains a lot of important information. When you have the receipt notice, you can begin to track your case status online . 

If it has been more than six weeks since your application reached USCIS and your case still has not been receipted, you can email the USCIS “lockbox” at [email protected] .

Is it OK for me to travel before I get my EAD?

If you want to travel before graduation, you should be able to reenter the United States without the EAD card, as long as the date of your graduation is at least one month away.   Read more about travel while on OPT .

Can I travel while on F-1 OPT? 

Yes, you can travel while on OPT after graduation. Learn more about travel on OPT .

Next Up: OPT STEM Extension

Campus Resources

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• Updated Tip Sheet for F-1 Students Seeking OPT

Updated Tip Sheet for F-1 Students Seeking Optional Practical Training

In response to feedback from stakeholders, the Office of the Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman (CIS Ombudsman) has released an updated tip sheet on How F-1 Students Seeking Optional Practical Training (OPT) Can Avoid Form I-765 Delays . These tips can help students avoid delays with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Key points in the updated tip sheet

• Check USCIS' website for updates before you submit your Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization .
• Make sure Form I-20, Certification of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status , is signed, dated, and endorsed for the correct type of employment authorization.
• Apply online .
• Students should ask their DSO for the date the DSO entered the recommendation into SEVIS.
• The Date Issued on Form I-20 may be different from the date the recommendation was entered in your SEVIS record.
• Submit a properly completed Form I-20 together with Form I-765 at the same time.
• If you move, update your mailing address with both USCIS through its How to Change Your Address page and the U.S. Postal Service through its Official USPS Change-of-Address page.

If you are a DSO

This tip sheet is meant for F-1 students. If you are a DSO, please note that the Form I-20 may not list the date you enter the OPT or STEM OPT recommendation into SEVIS but will list the date that you print the Form I-20. To help your F-1 students know what date you entered the recommendation into SEVIS, we recommend that you enter your recommendation into SEVIS and print the Form I-20 on the same day .

Why we updated the tip sheet

When we first posted the tip sheet in May, we recommended that students submit their Form I-765 within 30 days of the date listed by the DSO in the Date Issued section on Form I-20 (or within 60 days for STEM OPT). The Date Issued section on Form I-20 contains the only date visible to the student.

Based on feedback from stakeholders, we worked with USCIS to determine the best way to advise students on the OPT process. According to regulation, students should submit their Form I-765 within 30 days (post-completion OPT) or 60 days (STEM OPT) after the date the DSO enters the recommendation for OPT into their SEVIS record . However, only the DSO, not the student, can see this date, so the DSO should provide the date to the student .

We appreciate stakeholders bringing issues like this to our attention and encourage you to continue to do so in the future.

More information

View USCIS’ Optional Practical Training (OPT) for F-1 Students page for further guidance.

The CIS Ombudsman is committed to helping DSOs, F-1 students, and other stakeholders address concerns related to the OPT and STEM OPT process. In August 2022, we hosted a webinar on international student issues, and you can find follow-up questions and answers on our Interagency Engagement on International Student Issues page. We continue to meet with stakeholders on this topic and to relay their feedback to USCIS, and we will develop additional resources as the need arises.

• Citizenship and Immigration Services
• Office of the Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman
• Immigration
• Office of the Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman (CISOMB)
• Student Resource

Office of International Students & Scholars

Postdoctoral associate - april 12, 2024, i-200-24103-881018.pdf.