The most distant human-made object
No spacecraft has gone farther than NASA's Voyager 1. Launched in 1977 to fly by Jupiter and Saturn, Voyager 1 crossed into interstellar space in August 2012 and continues to collect data.
Mission Type
What is Voyager 1?
Voyager 1 has been exploring our solar system for more than 45 years. The probe is now in interstellar space, the region outside the heliopause, or the bubble of energetic particles and magnetic fields from the Sun.
- Voyager 1 was the first spacecraft to cross the heliosphere, the boundary where the influences outside our solar system are stronger than those from our Sun.
- Voyager 1 is the first human-made object to venture into interstellar space.
- Voyager 1 discovered a thin ring around Jupiter and two new Jovian moons: Thebe and Metis.
- At Saturn, Voyager 1 found five new moons and a new ring called the G-ring.
In Depth: Voyager 1
Voyager 1 was launched after Voyager 2, but because of a faster route, it exited the asteroid belt earlier than its twin, having overtaken Voyager 2 on Dec. 15, 1977.
Voyager 1 at Jupiter
Voyager 1 began its Jovian imaging mission in April 1978 at a range of 165 million miles (265 million km) from the planet. Images sent back by January the following year indicated that Jupiter’s atmosphere was more turbulent than during the Pioneer flybys in 1973–1974.
Beginning on January 30, Voyager 1 took a picture every 96 seconds for a span of 100 hours to generate a color timelapse movie to depict 10 rotations of Jupiter. On Feb. 10, 1979, the spacecraft crossed into the Jovian moon system and by early March, it had already discovered a thin (less than 30 kilometers thick) ring circling Jupiter.
Voyager 1’s closest encounter with Jupiter was at 12:05 UT on March 5, 1979 at a range of about 174,000 miles (280,000 km). It encountered several of Jupiter’s Moons, including Amalthea, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, returning spectacular photos of their terrain, opening up completely new worlds for planetary scientists.
The most interesting find was on Io, where images showed a bizarre yellow, orange, and brown world with at least eight active volcanoes spewing material into space, making it one of the most (if not the most) geologically active planetary body in the solar system. The presence of active volcanoes suggested that the sulfur and oxygen in Jovian space may be a result of the volcanic plumes from Io which are rich in sulfur dioxide. The spacecraft also discovered two new moons, Thebe and Metis.
Voyager 1 at Saturn
Following the Jupiter encounter, Voyager 1 completed an initial course correction on April 9, 1979 in preparation for its meeting with Saturn. A second correction on Oct. 10, 1979 ensured that the spacecraft would not hit Saturn’s moon Titan.
Its flyby of the Saturn system in November 1979 was as spectacular as its previous encounter. Voyager 1 found five new moons, a ring system consisting of thousands of bands, wedge-shaped transient clouds of tiny particles in the B ring that scientists called “spokes,” a new ring (the “G-ring”), and “shepherding” satellites on either side of the F-ring—satellites that keep the rings well-defined.
During its flyby, the spacecraft photographed Saturn’s moons Titan, Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, and Rhea. Based on incoming data, all the moons appeared to be composed largely of water ice. Perhaps the most interesting target was Titan, which Voyager 1 passed at 05:41 UT on November 12 at a range of 2,500 miles (4,000 km). Images showed a thick atmosphere that completely hid the surface. The spacecraft found that the moon’s atmosphere was composed of 90% nitrogen. Pressure ad temperature at the surface was 1.6 atmospheres and 356 °F (–180°C), respectively.
Atmospheric data suggested that Titan might be the first body in the solar system (apart from Earth) where liquid might exist on the surface. In addition, the presence of nitrogen, methane, and more complex hydrocarbons indicated that prebiotic chemical reactions might be possible on Titan.
Voyager 1’s closest approach to Saturn was at 23:46 UT on 12 Nov. 12, 1980 at a range of 78,000 miles(126,000 km).
Voyager 1’s ‘Family Portrait’ Image
Following the encounter with Saturn, Voyager 1 headed on a trajectory escaping the solar system at a speed of about 3.5 AU per year, 35° out of the ecliptic plane to the north, in the general direction of the Sun’s motion relative to nearby stars. Because of the specific requirements for the Titan flyby, the spacecraft was not directed to Uranus and Neptune.
The final images taken by the Voyagers comprised a mosaic of 64 images taken by Voyager 1 on Feb. 14, 1990 at a distance of 40 AU of the Sun and all the planets of the solar system (although Mercury and Mars did not appear, the former because it was too close to the Sun and the latter because Mars was on the same side of the Sun as Voyager 1 so only its dark side faced the cameras).
This was the so-called “pale blue dot” image made famous by Cornell University professor and Voyager science team member Carl Sagan (1934-1996). These were the last of a total of 67,000 images taken by the two spacecraft.
Voyager 1’s Interstellar Mission
All the planetary encounters finally over in 1989, the missions of Voyager 1 and 2 were declared part of the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM), which officially began on Jan. 1, 1990.
The goal was to extend NASA’s exploration of the solar system beyond the neighborhood of the outer planets to the outer limits of the Sun’s sphere of influence, and “possibly beyond.” Specific goals include collecting data on the transition between the heliosphere, the region of space dominated by the Sun’s magnetic field and solar field, and the interstellar medium.
On Feb. 17, 1998, Voyager 1 became the most distant human-made object in existence when, at a distance of 69.4 AU from the Sun when it “overtook” Pioneer 10.
On Dec. 16, 2004, Voyager scientists announced that Voyager 1 had reported high values for the intensity for the magnetic field at a distance of 94 AU, indicating that it had reached the termination shock and had now entered the heliosheath.
The spacecraft finally exited the heliosphere and began measuring the interstellar environment on Aug. 25, 2012, the first spacecraft to do so.
On Sept. 5, 2017, NASA marked the 40th anniversary of its launch, as it continues to communicate with NASA’s Deep Space Network and send data back from four still-functioning instruments—the cosmic ray telescope, the low-energy charged particles experiment, the magnetometer, and the plasma waves experiment.
The Golden Record
Each of the Voyagers contain a “message,” prepared by a team headed by Carl Sagan, in the form of a 12-inch (30 cm) diameter gold-plated copper disc for potential extraterrestrials who might find the spacecraft. Like the plaques on Pioneers 10 and 11, the record has inscribed symbols to show the location of Earth relative to several pulsars.
The records also contain instructions to play them using a cartridge and a needle, much like a vinyl record player. The audio on the disc includes greetings in 55 languages, 35 sounds from life on Earth (such as whale songs, laughter, etc.), 90 minutes of generally Western music including everything from Mozart and Bach to Chuck Berry and Blind Willie Johnson. It also includes 115 images of life on Earth and recorded greetings from then U.S. President Jimmy Carter (1924– ) and then-UN Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim (1918–2007).
By January 2024, Voyager 1 was about 136 AU (15 billion miles, or 20 billion kilometers) from Earth, the farthest object created by humans, and moving at a velocity of about 38,000 mph (17.0 kilometers/second) relative to the Sun.
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August 2012 – voyager 1 left the solar system.
Voyager 1 is the first man-made object to leave our solar system and pass into interstellar space. Scientists confirmed this finding a year later after studying Voyager’s data, which showed clear changes in the plasma or ionized gas right outside of the solar bubble.
› Interstellar Voyager › NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey Into Interstellar Space › SCaN History of the 2010’s
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Instrument status.
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To learn more about Voyager, zoom in and give the spacecraft a spin. View the full interactive experience at Eyes on the Solar System . Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
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A Look At NASA's Groundbreaking Voyager 1 Mission - And Where The Probe Is Heading Next
A gencies such as NASA are responsible for giving us a more detailed picture of space, literally in the case of technology such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope (utilizing the tiniest SSDs ). The latter is currently orbiting the Sun one million miles from us, a fascinating case study in the way that we can bring the distant reaches of space (realms it's entirely unsafe and impractical for humans to venture to directly) to us.
Drones and similar machines, capable of exploring the most inhospitable environments imaginable, have been key to this. Humans have never been more than 248,655 miles into space (a feat achieved by Apollo 13 in 1970 on its journey 'around' the moon), but Voyager 1 has boldly gone far, far, far beyond that, offering us a privileged and unprecedented insight into the universe beyond our own.
This piece will explore the beginnings of the Voyager 1 project, its objectives, and how the mission has unfolded to date. It's also important to look at the future of Voyager 1 and where it's scheduled to go next.
Read more: 5 Of The Best Bug-Busting Gadgets To Keep Pests Out Of Your Home
The Concept Of Voyager 1
Jupiter and Saturn, the fifth- and sixth-furthest planets from the Sun, are approximately 601 million miles and one billion miles from the Earth respectively, at the furthest point in the planets' orbits. At their closest, these numbers shrink to a still-ludicrous 365 million miles and 746 million miles from our planet. With these being insurmountable journeys for even the most dedicated scientists, then, NASA needed an alternative way to get a closer look at these two gas giants.
Voyager 1, which set off on its journey on September 5, 1977, was designed with just that primary objective in mind: to reach both planets. A voyager in the truest sense of the word, it would gather remarkable information about those planets (and much more besides), and continue to provide such data for decades.
Voyager 1 was launched second, after Voyager 2, and is structurally just the same. The body of both probes consists largely of a 12-foot radio transmitter, and though they might look like rather humble craft, measuring at 28.2 feet long , these revolutionary probes have done some extraordinary work. Here's how it reached the first stop on its originally-planned adventure, Jupiter, and what it was able to learn on doing so.
When Voyager 1 Reached Jupiter
Monstrously large and difficult to miss as Jupiter may be, it wasn't until Voyager 1 that scientists were given an opportunity to study it up close and in painstaking detail, marking technological strides beyond Pioneer 10 and 11's own journeys earlier in the decade. The sheer length of the journey from Earth meant that it took the probe, capable of reaching speeds of more than 38,000 mph , almost a year and a half after launch to get within range to begin documenting the planet-gobbling gas giant .
From January to April 1979, Voyager's suite of scientific tools amassed readings about the planet as it passed by, and the snap-happy spacecraft collected around 19,000 images of it in the process. This bounty provided researchers a wealth of new information about Jupiter's composition, movement, atmosphere, and more.
A previously-unseen ring, rather less prominent than those sported by Saturn, was noted, theorized to have resulted from detritus left behind by numerous meteor impacts. The immense Great Red Spot, under the closest and most sophisticated watch in history, could be observed in terms of its impact on the wider planet's atmosphere, where winds swirl between and around each other.
A NASA statement, according to Space , concluded that "possibly the most stunning of Voyager 1's discoveries was that Io has extremely active volcanoes," a unique feature in the solar system that results from the constant pressure of the moon's orbit of the planet. Even more revelations awaited when Voyager 1 reached Saturn.
Voyager 1's Study Of Saturn
It's no short hop from Jupiter to Saturn. In fact, it's a hop of around 403.3 million miles . This part of the journey, from the beginning of its Jupiter adventure to the beginning of its Saturn one, took around a year and a half to complete: It came into range of Saturn in August of 1980.
Voyager 1 noted some interesting similarities between the two gas giants. Truly monstrous storms raged here too, with the volatile and hydrogen-heavy conditions supporting winds of 1,100 mph . Voyager 1's in-depth case study provided a new understanding of the makeup of the planet, allowing science to look at even its most previously-well-documented elements anew.
Saturn, of course, is also ringed, a fact that makes its composition so iconic. What we did not know until the probe provided evidence, however, is that what we see isn't just one thick ring, but a complex structure of smaller rings (dubbed ringlets by NASA ), in layers.
Besides the two planets themselves, Voyager 1 had a particular interest in Saturn's moon Titan. From August to November 1980, this moon was also monitored by the probe, its atmosphere and relationship with Saturn investigated using ultraviolet and other technologies. With that, Voyager 1 had completed the journey it was primarily designed for, and an astonishing journey it was. The spacecraft was far from finished, however, as there were much further reaches yet to explore.
The Voyagers' Journey Beyond Saturn
Voyager 1 still had a surprising amount left in the metaphorical tank after its study of Saturn ended. The even-more-distant Uranus and Neptune didn't get the fly-by treatment as Jupiter and Saturn did, due to the logistics of the course it took to get the best look possible at Titan, but it passed by them nonetheless, and further still.
Its twin, Voyager 2, would investigate Uranus and Neptune more closely, discovering 11 new moons of the former up to February 1986 and observing Neptune three years later. Maintaining functionality of the spacecraft's instrumentation this far away required some complex work to keep NASA communication technology up to the task, but the work was a remarkable feat of human ingenuity. February 1998 marked an astonishing record for Voyager 1: still speeding away, it became the furthest-reaching man-made object ever.
It remained so, and continues to, with Guinness World Records officially declaring it to be the Most Remote Human-Made Object in October 2022. At the time, it was 23.631 billion km from Earth. In fact, it's so distant that it comes somewhat closer and further from the planet as Earth orbits the Sun. Let's see where it's been on its great odyssey out of the Solar System, and where it may be heading.
The Most Incredible Leg Of Voyager 1's Journey, And Where It's Going Next
Having wrapped up its investigation of Saturn, it may have just become floating space junk, but that's far from the truth. In 2012, it exited the Heliosphere, essentially the area under the influence of the Sun's strongest magnetic field. As of that August, then, it has been passing through space outside of the Solar System itself, another first in human history.
As of February 6, 2024, NASA reports that Voyager 1, more than 46 years into its journey, is approximately 15,148,155,240 miles from us. Voyager 2, meanwhile, is a little behind at 12,677,967,494 miles. Both, however, are in the unprecedented territory of interstellar space. The Plasma Wave Subsystem, Low-Energy Charged Particles, Cosmic Ray Subsystem, and Magnetometer for both probes are still functional (as is Voyager 2's Plasma Science system), meaning that although their ultraviolet and radio functionalities are among the systems to have been deactivated to maintain fuel, they're still transmitting some information back to the planet.
NASA suggests that Voyager 1 will reach the beginnings of the Oort Cloud, an icy Solar System 'shell' half the distance to Alpha Centauri, in approximately 300 years. From there, it's on course towards a constellation called Ophiuchus. I How much longer its radioisotope thermoelectric generators will last remains a mystery, but Voyager 1 and 2 have had quite the extraordinary and pioneering journey to date.
Read the original article on SlashGear .
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Volkswagen Voyage G5 [2009 .. 2012]
2012 Volkswagen Voyage G5 [2009 .. 2012] - Modifications
Volkswagen voyage g5 [2009 .. 2012] 1.0i.
- Generation : G5 [2009 .. 2012] [LADM]
- Production : [2009 .. 2012]
- Sales regions : Central & South America
- Power : 75 hp | 56 kW | 76 PS
- Engine : , Flex-Fuel
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- Wheel Fasteners : Lug bolts
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- Wheel Tightening Torque : unknown
Volkswagen Voyage G5 [2009 .. 2012] 1.6i
- Power : 103 hp | 76.5 kW | 104 PS
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The size of the hole in the center of a wheel is known as the center bore or centerbore.
Offset is the distance in millimetres from the centre line of the wheel to the wheel’s mounting face. Given that the mounting face can be either in front of or behind the centreline, the offset can be either neutral, positive or negative.
Wheel backspace is the distance from a wheel's mounting surface to the back edge of the wheel.
The Pitch Circle Diameter (PCD) is the diameter of the circle which passes through the centre of all the studs, wheel bolts or wheel rim holes
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215 is the tire width in mm 55 is the ratio of profile height to width or simply 'profile'. With the same width, the larger this indicator, the higher the tire will be and vice versa 16 - diameter of the wheel (disk) in inches. (It is the diameter, not the radius!). This is the inner size of the tire or the outer size of the rim 91 - load index. This is the level of maximum permissible load on one wheel T - tire speed index
The method of attaching a wheel to a hub: wheel nuts or wheel bolts
The torque value specified by the manufacturer for wheel bolts or wheel nuts, which is to be set when tightening on the torque tool (torque setting). A rotational force given in Newton metres (Nm) or foot-pounds (ft-lbs), wheel torque measures lug nut / bolts tightness
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Volkswagen Voyage 1.0 Total Flex 2012. R$ 34.990. Preto. 118.350 km. Manual. Ver todas as ofertas. publicidade. Veja o preço FIPE e KBB do carro Volkswagen Voyage 1.0 Total Flex 2012. Confira ...
A potência do Volkswagen Voyage 1.0 2012 é de 76 cv (A) 72 cv (G) a 5250 rpm com velocidade máxima de 168 km/h. Confira também: vídeos, avaliações, consumo e a ficha completa do Volkswagen Voyage 1.0 2012. Por fim, compare com outros modelos e marcas.
58 ofertas de Volkswagen Voyage 1.0 2012 em todo o Brasil a partir de R$ 24.900,00. Envie uma proposta e simule o financiamento sem sair de casa.
Nesse vídeo faço a apresentação e curiosidades de um VW Voyage 1.0 da versão Trend do ano de 2011 mod.2012, mostrando o interior ,exterior além do motor e ou...
VOLKSWAGEN VOYAGE 2012 Usados, seminovos e Novos. 1 - 50 de 512 resultados. Tipos de anúncio. Ordenar por. Patrocinado.
Volkswagen Voyage 1.0 Total Flex 2012: Ficha técnica completa. Motor, performance, dimensões, consumo, mecânica e itens de série.
Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on ... Plot showing a dramatic decrease in the rate of solar wind particle detection by Voyager 1 (October 2011 through October 2012) ... in about 40,000 years, it will pass within 1.6 light-years (0.49 parsecs) of the star Gliese 445, which is at present in the constellation Camelopardalis and 17.1 ...
Voyager 1 reached interstellar space in August 2012 and is the most distant human-made object in existence. Launched just shortly after its twin spacecraft, Voyager 2, in 1977, Voyager 1 explored the Jovian and Saturnian systems discovering new moons, active volcanoes and a wealth of data about the outer solar system. Voyagers 1 and 2 were ...
Its flyby of the Saturn system in November 1979 was as spectacular as its previous encounter. Voyager 1 found five new moons, a ring system consisting of thousands of bands, wedge-shaped transient clouds of tiny particles in the B ring that scientists called "spokes," a new ring (the "G-ring"), and "shepherding" satellites on either side of the F-ring—satellites that keep the ...
Aug 01, 2012. Image Article. Voyager 1 is the first man-made object to leave our solar system and pass into interstellar space. Scientists confirmed this finding a year later after studying Voyager's data, which showed clear changes in the plasma or ionized gas right outside of the solar bubble.
Tabela com a variação de preços de carros de Marca Volkswagen VOYAGE 1.0/1.0 City Mi Total Flex 8V 4p 2012 Gasolina. Os valores apresentados são a média de mercado para cada mês de referência da Tabela FIPE, tendo sido considerados 24 meses nesta análise de histórico e variação de preços de carros Volkswagen VOYAGE 1.0/1.0 City Mi ...
Instrument Status. This is a real-time indicator of Voyagers' distance from Earth in astronomical units (AU) and either miles (mi) or kilometers (km). Note: Because Earth moves around the sun faster than Voyager 1 is speeding away from the inner solar system, the distance between Earth and the spacecraft actually decreases at certain times of year.
Voyager 1 noted some interesting similarities between the two gas giants. Truly monstrous storms raged here too, with the volatile and hydrogen-heavy conditions supporting winds of 1,100 mph .
Neste vídeo faço uma rápida avaliação do Voyage trend 1.0 2013.Não esqueça de se inscrever no canal, obrigado pela a audiência.
Please select the 2012 Volkswagen Voyage vehicle modifications below and check tables to get wheel size, tire size, bolt pattern (PCD), rim offset and other wheel fitment parameters. ... 9.0 19.8: 2.1 30: 185/65R14 88S: 5Jx14 ET38: 114 4.49: 9.0 19.9: 2.3 33: 195/55R15 89H: 6Jx15 ET38: 127 5.00:
Fala pessoal, aqui lhes falo um pouco do que achei do Voyage 1.0 nesses 3 meses de uso.Se curtiu o vídeo se inscreva 👍🏻
Voyage 2012 1.0 manual - preço pela Tabela Fipe: R$ 30.049. Basicamente tudo no Voyage 2012 1.0 (76 / 72 cv de potência com etanol / gasolina) é opcional. Essa versão é pobre em acessórios, apesar do bom acabamento com itens básicos como vidros verdes, para-brisa degradê, banco traseiro rebatível com cintos de 3 pontos nas laterais ...
Consulte os preços de Volkswagen Voyage 2012 na Tabela Fipe Webmotors de forma fácil e rápida. Confira já! Ir para a Webmotors. Preços Volkswagen Voyage 2012 na Tabela Fipe. VOLKSWAGEN; VOYAGE; 2012; VOYAGE. Escolha uma versão abaixo. 1.0 MI 8V FLEX 4P MANUAL 1.6 MI 8V FLEX 4P AUTOMATIZADO 1.6 MI 8V FLEX 4P AUTOMÁTICO 1.6 MI 8V FLEX 4P ...
Frete grátis no dia Compre Voyage 2012 1.0 parcelado sem juros! Saiba mais sobre nossas incríveis ofertas e promoções em milhões de produtos. ... Volkswagen Voyage 1.0 Vht Trend Total Flex 4p. São Paulo Zona Norte - São Paulo. CARRO VERIFICADO. R$ 22.000. 2012; 244.000 Km; Volkswagen Voyage 1.0 Vht Total Flex 4p. Goiânia - Goiás. CARRO ...
The Volkswagen Gol is a subcompact car that has been manufactured by Volkswagen do Brasil since 1980 as Volkswagen's entry-level car in the Latin American market—where it succeeded the Volkswagen Type 1 (Fusca) and the Volkswagen Brasilia.Several variants of the Gol-derived Voyage and Parati were marketed in North America as the Volkswagen Fox from 1987 to 1993.
Nesse vídeo curto falei com pouco do Voyage 1.0 2011 que adquirimos a pouco tempo.
opiniões sobre Volkswagen Voyage 2012. alterar. 6 versões a partir de R$ 29.756. 8,2 (102 opiniões) ver ofertas. sobre o carro. fotos. versões e preços. ficha técnica.
Consulta Veicular com a OLHO NO CARRO e desconto de 15% com o cupom XENAO Link http://bit.ly/consultaxenao Me siga:Siga o Instagram: https://bit.ly/Xenao...
Trazemos nossas impressões de mercado do veterano da VW;mostramos o bom acabamento interno e explicamos melhor a questão do motor 1.6 8v e seu custo-benefíci...