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School trips | Staff to pupil ratios explained

Written on 17 June 2022

There’s often confusion and conflicting information surrounding appropriate staff to pupil ratios for educational visits.

It’s important to remember that even though there are no requirements that are prescribed in law, conducting a detailed risk assessment should provide a clear indication of the appropriate ratios required.

According to guidance from the Education Authority , supervision ratios for school trips should relate to:

  • The category of educational visit;
  • The specific educational objective(s); and
  • The outcome of a risk assessment.

The more time the better

Determining the appropriate level of supervision well in advance of the trip taking place will allow enough time for staff to volunteer to take part in the trip. 

It will also provide plenty of notice for you to involve volunteers, e.g. parents or governors. As part of this process, you should then assign each person clearly defined roles as identified by your risk assessment.

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Carrying out a risk assessment for a school trip

There are many factors that need to be taken into consideration when carrying out a risk assessment for a school trip. The safety of pupils, colleagues and volunteers should always be at the forefront of your mind throughout the process, but it is also vital to ensure your focus is on reducing real risks .

There’s often a tendency for schools to be too restrictive or simply not run a school trip due to fears of prosecution if the trip goes wrong, and the belief that a teacher will be sued if a child is injured.

Remember, you are not expected to completely eliminate all risks. A risk assessment is intended to ensure that children aren’t unnecessarily exposed to things that could cause them harm. It’s also a way of demonstrating that you have done all you can to keep them safe.

We have produced a short guide which breaks down the key information you need to know from a health and safety perspective when preparing for a school trip, which should give you some clear guidelines to work towards when completing a risk assessment.

Guide to Safe School Trips

Created by our Health & Safety specialists, this helpful guide explains how to plan and run safe and successful school trips, including getting the balance between safety and learning, low-risk vs high-risk trips, and steps to take before, during and after.

Identifying the level of supervision required

Guidance from the  Outdoor Education Advisers’ Panel  (OEAP) says that “ratios are a risk management issue, and should be determined through the process of risk assessment”. The OEAP goes on to say that “it is not possible to set down definitive staff/student ratios for a particular age group or activity, although the law does specify minimum ratios for early years”.

However, b ased on the findings of your risk assessment, you should be able to establish the staff to pupil ratio required by taking into account the following factors:

  • The nature and location of activities to be undertaken;
  • The age and ability of the group;
  • Pupils with special educational and/or medical needs;
  • Whether it is a day visit or overnight stay;
  • Whether it is a mixed or single-gender group;
  • The experience of supervisory staff in providing off-site supervision;
  • The duration and nature of the journey;
  • The type of any accommodation;
  • The competence of supervisory staff, both general and in relation to specific learning activities;
  • The requirements of the organisation/ location to be visited;
  • The competence and behaviour of the pupils;
  • The likely weather conditions and time of year;
  • The duration and location of planned activities; and
  • First aid cover.

Further considerations also include whether the pupils require close (direct) supervision for the duration of the visit, in which case the staff to pupil ratio will be greater. 

Alternatively, if you don’t intend for pupils to be directly in your line of vision for the duration of the trip, then less supervision will be required. However, trip leaders will still need to remain in the area in which the activity is taking place at all times.

In the event of a pupil or trip leader needing to vacate the trip early, the appropriate ratios will still need to be maintained. For example, a trip leader may need to accompany a pupil to hospital or attend a personal emergency. This should be taken into consideration when planning your visit.

High-risk activities may require direct supervision at all times and therefore a higher staff to pupil ratio should be adhered to.

Additional requirements for residential trips

Vetting procedures for volunteers.

If you’re inviting volunteers such as parents or governors to assist with supervising pupils during a school trip, then you must adhere to the DE Circular 2012/19 with regards to vetting checks for volunteers working in schools. This must be followed when arranging trips for all groups of pupils under the age of 18.

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  • Position Statements

School Nurse Workload: Staffing for Safe Care

Position Statement

printable version

NASN POSITION

It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) that access to a registered professional nurse (hereinafter referred to as a school nurse) all day, every day can improve students’ health, safety, and educational achievement.  Student acuity and school community indicators should be assessed to determine appropriate staffing levels. Access to a school nurse may mean that more than one school nurse is necessary to meet the needs of the school population.  School nurse workloads should be evaluated on at least an annual basis to meet the health and safety needs of school communities (Jameson et al., 2018).

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

Since 1902, school nurses have contributed to individual and population health, in ever-expanding ways (Rogers, 1903/2014). Laws implemented in the 1970s established the rights for all students, even those with significant health needs, to attend public school, and led to recommendations for school nurse-to-student ratios. These laws included the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504 (1973), and Public Law 94-142, the Education for all Handicapped Children Act (1975), reauthorized in 2004 as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA). Changes in these laws increased the role and responsibilities of the school nurse.

Appropriate staffing is necessary in order to provide safe care and ensure quality outcomes, and is accomplished through understanding and considering the complexities of the role of the nurse and the care that is provided (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2020). Using ratio of nurse to student alone is not evidence-based or appropriate.  Other factors that should be considered include:

  • Safety, medical acuity, and health needs of a student;
  • Characteristics and considerations of student or population including individual social needs as well as the infrastructure that creates inequities in social determinants of health;
  • Characteristics and considerations of the school nurse and other interprofessional team members; and
  • Context and culture of the school or school district that influences nursing services delivered (Jameson et al., 2018).

Evaluation of staffing plans, overall costs, effectiveness, and resources expended also influences staffing decisions. Safe and appropriate staffing has an impact on population and community health outcomes, enriching the patient experience of care, reducing health care costs, and enhancing the work life of the healthcare provider (American Association of Critical-Care Nurses [AACN], 2016; Bodenheimer & Sinsky, 2014). Consistent with the research in acute care settings (Aiken et al., 2017; Brooks Carthon et al., 2019; Kelly & Todd, 2017; AACN, 2016), multiple studies suggest that appropriate school nurse staffing has an impact on the health and academic outcomes of the students and the school community and contributes to reduced health care costs and a healthier population (Arimas-Macalino et al., 2019; Best et al., 2017; Daughtry & Engelke, 2017; Gormley, 2018; Hill & Hollis, 2012; Jacobsen et al., 2016; Nikpour & Hassmiller, 2017; Wang et al., 2014).

Little data exists on validated tools to determine school nurse staffing.  Current best practice for staffing involves analyzing complex factors including number of students, social determinants, acuity levels, other responsibilities, barriers to care, current use of technology, and health care to adequately meet the health and safety needs of the children whose care is entrusted to schools (Jameson et al., 2018).  Such a structure helps detail a 21st-century context for nurse staffing that recognizes the individual contribution and added value of each individual nurse as a provider of care (ANA, 2020). NASN recommends ongoing research to develop evidence-based health assessment and other tools that consider multiple factors for the development of staffing and workload models.

The school nurse provides the critical link to address gaps in healthcare by serving students and the school community as the health expert. School nurses can navigate and address socio-economic issues, physical health needs and health behavior factors; respond to student and community needs; and work as advocates and change agents.

NASN believes that school nursing services must be determined at levels sufficient to provide the range of health care necessary to meet the needs of school populations. NASN recommends continuing research developing evidence-based tools using a multifactorial health assessment approach for evaluating factors that influence student health and safety and developing staffing and workload models that support this evidence. All students need access to a school nurse every day. In addition to the number of students covered, staffing for school nursing coverage must include acuity, social needs of students, community/school infrastructure, and characteristics of nursing staff.

Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D., Griffiths, P., Rafferty, A. M., Bruyneel, L., McHugh, M., Maier, C.B., Moreno-Casbas, T., Ball, J.E., Ausserhofer, D., Sermeus, W. (2017). Nursing skill mix in European hospitals: Cross-sectional study of the association with mortality, patient ratings, and quality of care. British Medical Journal of Quality & Safety, 26 (7), 559–568. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2016-005567

American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. (2016). AACN standards for establishing and sustaining healthy work environments. A journey to excellence , Executive Summary (2nd. ed.).  http://www.aacn.org/wd/hwe/docs/execsum2016.pdf

American Nurses Association. (2020). Principles for nurse staffing (3rd ed.). https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/4850206/PNS3E_ePDF.pdf

Arimas-Macalino, C., Weismuller, P. C., & McClanahan, R. (2019). Addressing illness-related chronic absences. NASN School Nurse, 34 (6), 357–362. doi:10.1177/1942602X19852749

Best, N. C., Oppewal, S., & Travers, D. (2017). Exploring school nurse interventions and health and education outcomes: An integrative review. The Journal of School Nursing, 34 (1), 14–27. doi:10.1177/1059840517745359

Bodenheimer, T., & Sinsky, C. (2014). From triple to quadruple aim: Care of the patient requires care of the provider. Annals of Family Medicine, 12 (6), 573-576. doi:10.1370/afm.1713

Brooks Carthon, J. M., Hatfield, L., Plover, C., Dierkes, A., Davis, L., Hedgeland, T., Sanders, A. M., Visco, F., Holland, S., Ballinghoff, J., Del Guidice, M., & Aiken, L. H. (2019). Association of nurse engagement and nurse staffing on patient safety. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 34 (1), 40–46. doi: 10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000334.

Daughtry, D., & Engelke, M. K. (2017). Demonstrating the relationship between school nurse workload and student outcomes. The Journal of School Nursing, 34 (3), 174–181. doi:10.1177/1059840517725790

Gormley J. M. (2019). School nurse advocacy for student health, safety, and school attendance: Impact of an educational activity.   Journal of School Nursing, 35 (6), 401–411 . doi:10.1177/1059840518814294

Hill, N.J., & Hollis, M. (2012). Teacher time spent on student health issues and school nurse presence. The Journal of School Nursing, 28 (3), 181-186. doi: 10.1177/1059840511429684

Individuals with Disability Education Improvement Act (2004), 20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.

Jacobsen, K., Meeder, L., & Voskuil, V. R. (2016). Chronic student absenteeism: The critical role of school nurses. NASN School Nurse, 31 (3), 178–185. doi:10.1177/1942602X16638855

Jameson, B. E., Engelke, M. K., Anderson, L. S., Endsley, P. & Maughan, E. D. (2018). Factors related to school nurse workload. The Journal of School Nursing, 34 (3), 211-221. doi: 10.1177/1059840517718063

Kelly, L., & Todd, M. (2017). Compassion fatigue and the healthy work environment. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 28 (4), 351-358. doi:10.4037/aacnacc2017283

Nikpour, J., & Hassmiller, S. (2017). A full-time nurse for every school: A call to action to make it happen. NASN School Nurse, 32 (5), 290–293. doi:10.1177/1942602X17723920

Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 504.

Rogers L. L. (2014). A year's work for the children in New York schools. The American Journal of Nursing, 114 (9), 60–62. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000453758.31388.80

Wang, L. Y., Vernon-Smiley, M., Gapinski, M. A., Desisto, M., Maughan, E., & Sheetz, A. (2014). Cost-benefit study of school nursing services. JAMA Pediatrics, 168 (7), 642–648. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5441

Acknowledgment of Authors:

Wendy Rau, MSN, BA, RN

Beth Jameson, PhD, RN, CNL, CSN-NJ

Christine Amidon BSN, RN, NCSN

Janet Thornton, MSN-Ed, RN

Wendy Wilson, BSN, RN, NCSN

Erin Maughan, PhD, MS, RN, PHNA-BC, FNASN, FAAN

Laurie Combe, MN, RN, NCSN

Adopted: January 2015

Reviewed: January 2020

Revised: June 2020

Suggested citation: National Association of School Nurses. (2020). School Nurse Workload (Position Statement).  Author.

“To optimize student health, safety and learning, it is the position of the National Association of School Nurses that a professional registered school nurse is present in every school all day, every day.”

All position statements from the National Association of School Nurses will automatically expire five years after publication unless they have been renewed, revised, or retired at or before that time.

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Jake Wiid from EVOLVE Advice answers the three most common questions about visits

Jake Wiid

Jake Wiid at EVOLVE Advice, which supports schools in planning and running educational visits, gives the lowdown on staff/student ratios, using particular providers and more. 

Teacher meeting

One of the most commonly asked questions from teachers is about the ratio of staff to students. 

As educational visits advisers, our role is to provide advice, guidance and support on all matters relating to outdoor education, co-curricular activities and learning outside the classroom but in practice, it is more than that.

We are critical friends and a sounding board for heads and the senior leading team, challenging and advising, listening and developing visit leaders and educational visits coordinator (EVC) in their respective roles.

Here are the top three questions we’re asked as a service (as always, your employer/adviser should be your first source of advice):

1. What is the ratio of staff to students?

This is by far the most common question we get (e.g “we are taking 30 Year 6’s to the museum on a train, is two staff sufficient?”). It is not a simple yes or no. On all visits, there must be an effective level of supervision that has been approved by the EVC and head, and where applicable, in accordance with the governing body/employer policy.

The EYFS statutory framework sets ratios to be followed in those settings. For all other visits the visit leader, EVC and head must make a professional judgement regarding the number and suitability of staffing considering staff competence, the nature and requirements of individuals within the group (including those with additional needs), the activities and environment etc.

2. I have a student who is badly behaved. Do I have to take them?

This is a complex question and one which would need exploring on a case-by-case basis, however, there are some principles which can be applied. With all visits, inclusion should not be an after-thought and all visits should be planned with the whole cohort in mind.

The first thing we would check is if the student is in receipt of an EHCP (Education and Health Care Plan). If so, then consideration of The Equality Act 2010 should be given. If the student is not in receipt of an EHCP, then exclusion should not be the default position. If you are aware of a student’s behaviour you should address this at an early stage, involve parents, students and the visit leader, set a behaviour management plan and reasonable targets, hold regular meetings and ensure that if the student is excluded this does not come as a surprise.

Of course, if the student’s behaviour poses a real and credible risk to the health, safety and welfare of themselves, staff or other students, then your only alternative may be exclusion.

3. Can I use a particular venue/provider?

It is not an adviser’s job to tell you if a particular venue is right for the school or will meet your needs. However, what we can do is advise on the suitability from a safety perspective. Most advisers will recommend you visit a venue/provider who holds a Learning Outside the Classroom Quality Badge. If they do not, we may advise to ask the provider to complete a provider statement asking questions on safety, safeguarding, training, etc.

For more information about EVOLVE Advice, visit www.evolveadvice.co.uk and to find out who your adviser is in your area, email [email protected]

Jake Wiid

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Recommended adult to child ratios for working with children

Guidance on appropriate levels of supervision for children and young people.

When working with groups of children and young people there must be enough adults to provide the appropriate level of supervision.

Staffing and supervision ratios can sometimes be difficult to judge. You need to make sure you have enough staff and volunteers to ensure children are safe – and that these adults are suitable to undertake various tasks as needed.

We’ve put together some information to help you decide how many adult supervisors you need when you’re carrying out a range of activities in different settings.

Supervision levels will vary depending on the children's age, gender, behaviour and the abilities within your group.

They will also vary depending on:

  • the nature and duration of activities
  • the competence and experience of staff involved
  • the requirements of location, accommodation or organisation
  • any special medical needs
  • any specialist equipment needed.

Carry out a risk assessment of the activities you are planning, taking these issues into consideration. This will help you make decisions about how many adults you need and what skills and experience they should have.

> Find out more about running safer activities and events

You need to know whether adults are eligible for a vetting and barring check and be clear about any additional safeguards which need to be put in place. For example:

  • ensure adults who do not meet the criteria for a vetting and barring check are being supervised at all times
  • make sure all adults who have contact with children understand and agree to follow your safeguarding policy and procedures.

If you’re working within the performing arts and children are being chaperoned you should make sure the relevant licences are in place.

> Find out more about safer recruitment including vetting and barring checks

> Find out more about safeguarding in the performing arts

Staff and volunteers need to have:

  • an understanding of their responsibility to keep children and young people safe
  • clear procedures to follow if they have a concern about a child's wellbeing
  • insurance for certain activities
  • codes of practice which they understand and agree to follow.

Parents who attend activities with their children should not be used to supervise other children unless they have been recruited into the role, undergone the necessary checks and had the relevant child protection training.

> Find out more about safeguarding procedures

> Look at our example behaviour code

> Learn more about child protection training requirements for education and early years sectors

> Find out more about our introductory child protection training

Schools are expected to carry out their own risk assessment at the beginning of each academic year to determine appropriate levels of supervision for each class except the Early years and foundation stage.

The National Education Union (NEU) provides guidance on class sizes and advises schools to consider children’s emotional, behavioural and special needs when determining staff to child ratios (NEU, 2019).

Schools also need to carry out a risk assessment to determine appropriate adult to child ratios at breaks and lunchtimes. Things to consider include:

  • the layout of the playground
  • the number of children on the playground
  • the ages of the children on the playground.

For children in the Early years and foundation stage there is specific guidance about supervision ratios.

In England , the Department for Education (DfE) publishes  guidance for early years providers which sets out statutory requirements about adult to child ratios (DfE, 2023). The required adult to child ratios vary depending on the setting and the age of children.

Key points for all early years settings include:

  • staffing arrangements must meet the needs of all children and ensure their safety
  • children must usually be within both sight and hearing of staff and always within at least either sight or hearing
  • only those aged 17 or over may be included in ratios (and staff under 17 should be supervised at all times)
  • students on long term placements, volunteers and staff working as apprentices may be included in the ratios if they are old enough and the provider is satisfied that they are competent and responsible.

Pages 28-32 of the guidance set out the statutory staff to child ratios for all providers and then specific guidance for: early years providers other than childminders; those providing before and after school care; those providing holiday care; and childminders.

In Northern Ireland , the Department of Health, (DoH) has published minimum standards for childminding and daycare for children under 12 (PDF) (DoH, 2018). Standard 11 sets out the minimum staff to child ratios for children of different ages in different settings. 

In Scotland , there is guidance from the Care Inspectorate for early learning and childcare settings (Care Inspectorate, 2018). It sets out adult to child ratios and the rationale behind them.

In Wales , the Welsh Government has published National minimum standards for regulated childcare (PDF). Standard 15 sets out staffing ratios including for childminders and day care.

There is no specific guidance about supervision ratios for organisations that are not in the education or early years sectors. We’ve put together some best practice guidance to help other organisations work out how many adults are needed to supervise children safely.

We recommend having at least two adults present when working with or supervising children and young people. We recommend the following adult to child ratios as the minimum numbers to help keep children safe:

  • under 2 years - one adult to three children
  • 2 - 3 years - one adult to four children
  • 4 - 8 years - one adult to six children
  • 9 - 12 years - one adult to eight children
  • 13 - 18 years - one adult to ten children

Depending on the needs and abilities of the children, and the nature of the activity, you may need to have more adults than the minimum.

We recommend having at least two adults present, even with smaller groups.

If young people are helping to supervise younger children only people aged 18 or over should be included as adults when calculating adult to child ratios.

Children with additional needs or disabilities

If you are working with children and young people who have special educational needs or disabilities (SEND) you may need more supervision than the minimum ratios above.

For each activity you should undertake a risk assessment to help you decide on supervision ratios. The assessment should take into account children and young people’s behaviour, ability and mobility. As far as possible, include input from children and young people and their parents and carers in risk assessments to ensure children’s needs are met.

> Learn more about protecting d/Deaf and disabled young people

Toilet ratios

If the group has both boys and girls there should be at least one male and one female responsible adult supervising visits to the toilet.

Adults who haven't previously volunteered and haven't had the necessary vetting checks shouldn't be left alone with children or take them to the toilet unaccompanied.

In larger groups of children, encourage groups to take a comfort break together with one responsible adult while the other adult(s) supervises the remaining children and keep a head count.

First aid ratios

We recommend that at least one adult is trained in first aid.

If you're running one-off events you will need to carry out a first-aid and medical risk assessment. Many organisations provide medical services but ensure the organisation you select is competent, trained in first aid and able to cope with the demands of your event.

Travelling ratios

When travelling with children and young people the recommended adult to child ratio can vary depending on:

  • size of the group
  • age of the children, their behaviours and needs
  • size of the vehicle that you are travelling in.

If you are travelling in a vehicle it is recommended that there is one adult driving and one adult supervising the children. Larger groups and vehicles will require more adults to ensure adequate supervision. Think about having one adult driving and at least one adult supervising the children, depending on the size of the group.

Care Inspectorate (2018) Guidance on adult to child ratios in early learning and childcare settings (PDF). Dundee: Care Inspectorate.

Department for Education (DfE) (2023)   Early years foundation stage (EYFS) statutory framework . [Accessed 17/08/2023].

Department of Health (DoH) (2018)   Minimum standards for childminding and day care for children under age 12 (PDF)   Belfast: Department of Health (DoH).

National Education Union (NEU) (2019)   Class sizes . [Accessed 17/08/2023].

Welsh Government (2023) National minimum standards for regulated childcare for children up to the age of 12 years (PDF). Cardiff: Welsh Government.

Our elearning courses will help develop your understanding of how to protect children.

Introduction to safeguarding and child protection  

Safer recruitment in education training

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Safeguarding policies and procedures

Safeguarding and child protection in schools  

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Supervising children and young people's sport and activities

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Adult helps child create a trophy

Access our wide range of safeguarding resources including guidance on managing allegations of abuse, photography and sharing images and writing a safeguarding policy.

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Provides advice on keeping groups of children and young people safe during activities, events, visits, outings and overnight stays whether they’re regular or one-off.

Seasonal Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Mental and Behavioral Health Conditions Among Children and Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years — United States, January 2018–June 2023

Weekly / September 22, 2023 / 72(38);1032–1040

Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, MPH 1 ; Kelly Carey, MPH 1 ; Dylan Pell, MSW, MPH 2 ; Amy Ising, PhD 3 ; Danielle Brathwaite, PhD 3 ; Anna Waller, ScD 3 ; James Gay, MD 4 ; Hollie Watson-Smith, MPH 5 ; Mark Person, MSP 5 ; Kenan Zamore, MPH 6 ,7 ; Tia Brumsted, MSW 8 ; Claudia Price, MSW 8 ; Patti M. Clark, EdD 9 ; Gabriel Ann Haas, MPH 10 ; Lauren Gracy, MPH 10 ; Scott Johnston, MPH 10 ; Yushiuan Chen, MPH 11 ; Kyla Muñoz, MPH 12 ,13 ; Meredith Henry, MPP 14 ; Brittany Willis 15 ; Darryl Nevels, PhD 16 ; Ibitola Asaolu, DrPH 17 ; Sarah Lee, PhD 18 ; Natalie J. Wilkins, PhD 19 ; Sarah Bacon, PhD 20 ; Michael Sheppard, MS 1 ; Aaron Kite-Powell, MS 1 ; Gary Blau, PhD 21 ; Michael King, PhD 21 ; Meghan Whittaker, JD 22 ; Rebecca T. Leeb, PhD 23 ( View author affiliations )

What is already known about this topic?

Mental and behavioral health conditions are common among school-aged children in the United States.

What is added by this report?

Each year, during 2018–2023, among children and adolescents aged 10–17 years, the number and proportion of weekly emergency department visits for eight mental and behavioral health conditions displayed seasonal increases during the fall and spring school semesters relative to the summer period; timing of increases varied by specific condition.

What are the implications for public health practice?

Systemic changes that prioritize protective factors, such as physical activity, social support, and inclusive school environments, and incorporate preparedness for increases in mental and behavioral health conditions during back-to-school planning might help improve child and adolescent mental health.

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Mental and behavioral health conditions among school-aged children, including substance use disorders and overall emotional well-being, are a public health concern in the United States. Timely data on seasonal patterns in child and adolescent conditions can guide optimal timing of prevention and intervention strategies. CDC examined emergency department (ED) visit data from the National Syndromic Surveillance Program for 25 distinct conditions during January 2018–June 2023 among U.S. children and adolescents aged 5–17 years, stratified by age group. Each year, during 2018–2023, among persons aged 10–14 and 15–17 years, the number and proportion of weekly ED visits for eight conditions increased in the fall school semester and remained elevated throughout the spring semester; ED visits were up to twice as high during school semesters compared with the summer period. Among children aged 5–9 years, the number and proportion of visits increased for five mental and behavioral health conditions. Seasonal increases in ED visits for some conditions among school-aged children warrant enhanced awareness about mental distress symptoms and the challenges and stressors in the school environment. Systemic changes that prioritize protective factors (e.g., physical activity; nutrition; sleep; social, community, or faith-based support; and inclusive school and community environments) and incorporate preparedness for increases in conditions during back-to-school planning might improve child and adolescent mental health.

Introduction

Mental and behavioral health conditions among school-aged children, including substance use disorders and overall emotional well-being, are a public health concern in the United States ( 1 – 3 ). School, particularly the beginning of a new school year, can be both exciting and increase worries and stress for children and adolescents.* School staff members might also recognize exacerbations of these conditions. Timely data on seasonal patterns in child and adolescent conditions can help guide the optimal timing of prevention and intervention strategies to promote child and adolescent long-term well-being.

CDC examined emergency department (ED) visit data from the National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP) during January 2018–June 2023 to calculate changes in the number and proportion of ED visits for mental and behavioral health conditions among children and adolescents aged 5–17 years; visits from 1,919 facilities in 46 states were included. † Predetermined International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic categories from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Clinical Classifications Software Refined § (version 2022; HCUP) tool were used; categories included were initially limited to those corresponding to 27 distinct conditions using a one-to-many approach (Supplementary Box, https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/131758 ). Among these categories, eight (30%) had enough data for reliable visit estimates (relative SE <30%) for all age groups and were retained in the final analysis. Results were reported on categories with consistent and significant increases during the study years.

Surveillance periods were designated as the fall school semester (calendar weeks 37–53; September–December) and spring school semester (calendar weeks 1–23; January–June). Each was compared with the immediately preceding summer period (calendar weeks 24–36; June–September) (Supplementary Table, https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/132871 ) ( 1 ). ED visit ratios and 95% CIs were used to measure relative change in the proportion of visits. Visit ratio was defined as the proportion of all ED visits for a selected mental and behavioral health condition during the school semester (fall or spring) divided by the proportion of ED visits for that condition during the immediately preceding summer period. Ratios >1 indicated a higher proportion of ED visits with the condition during the surveillance period than during the comparison period; ratios <1 indicated a lower proportion of ED visits with the condition during the comparison period than during the surveillance period. CIs that excluded 1 were considered statistically significant. Absolute differences and percent changes were used to measure the difference in mean weekly ED visit numbers during the school semester (fall or spring) compared with the preceding summer period. Results were stratified by age group: 5–9, 10–14, and 15–17 years. This activity was reviewed by CDC, deemed not research, and was conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy. ¶

Each year, during 2018–2023, among persons aged 10–14 and 15–17 years, the number and proportion of weekly ED visits displayed seasonal patterns for depressive disorders, suicidal ideation or self-harm, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, cannabis-related disorders, lifestyle or life management factors, mood disorders, poisoning by drugs, and symptoms of mental and substance use conditions. Compared with the summer period, higher mean weekly visit numbers and relative proportion of visits were observed during the fall school semester (i.e., depressive disorders, suicidal ideation or self-harm, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders) and spring school semester (i.e., depressive disorders, suicidal ideation or self-harm, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, lifestyle or life management factors, mood disorders, poisoning by drugs, and symptoms of mental and substance use conditions). ED visits briefly decreased each year corresponding to the typical winter holiday break period during the last week of November and December, followed by a return to previous levels ( Figure ) (Supplementary Figure, https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/132872 ).

Among persons aged 10–14 years and 15–17 years, the proportion of ED visits for depressive disorders increased in both the fall and spring school semesters each year during 2018–2023 compared with the preceding summer period (range of visit ratios across fall and spring school semesters: 1.19–1.95 among persons aged 10–14 years and 1.16–1.60 among those aged 15–17 years), suicidal ideation or self-harm (1.13–2.00 and 1.15–1.74, respectively) and trauma- and stressor-related disorders (1.07–1.62 and 1.05–1.43, respectively). During the spring school semester, the proportion of visits increased for four additional conditions: lifestyle or life management factors (range of visit ratios for spring school semesters: 1.32–1.88 among persons aged 10–14 years and 1.07–1.64 among those aged 15–17 years, respectively), mood disorders (1.12–1.73 and 1.13–1.56, respectively), poisoning by drugs (1.05–2.03 and 1.10–1.84, respectively), and symptoms of mental and substance use conditions (1.19–1.47 and 1.08–1.55, respectively) when compared with the preceding summer period ( Table 1 ). For cannabis-related disorders, the proportion of ED visits increased among both children and adolescents aged 10–14 years and 15–17 years during fall 2018 (visit ratio: 1.25 among persons aged 10–14 years and 1.13 among those aged 15–17 years, respectively), spring 2019 (1.36 and 1.22, respectively), spring 2020 (1.61 and 1.66, respectively), fall 2021 (1.39 and 1.17, respectively), spring 2022 (1.91 and 1.48, respectively), and spring 2023 (1.62 and 1.24, respectively). The proportion of weekly ED visits increased among children aged 5–9 years for depressive disorders, suicidal ideation or self-harm, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, mood disorders, and symptoms of mental and substance use conditions.

The number of weekly visits also increased for all eight mental and behavioral health conditions in the fall and spring semesters when compared with the preceding summer period among children and adolescents aged 10–14 and 15–17 years, except when comparing the spring 2020 school semester with the preceding summer 2019 period; cannabis-related disorders were the only exception in which negative percent change (−4.6%) in weekly visits was also observed among adolescents aged 15–17 years during fall 2020 ( Table 2 ). Weekly ED visits among children aged 5–9 years were higher during school semesters when compared with corresponding summer periods for depressive disorders, suicidal ideation or self-harm, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, mood disorders, and symptoms of mental and substance use conditions, except during the spring 2020 school semester; the volume of visits was low for conditions examined when compared with children and adolescents aged 5–17 years.

Each year, during 2018–2023, the number and proportion of weekly ED visits for eight mental and behavioral health conditions displayed seasonal increases during the fall and spring school semesters compared with the summer period; timing of increase varied by specific conditions. Trends suggest that students might need additional mental health support during the back-to-school period in the fall and throughout the academic year.

Visit patterns during the 2020 spring school semester showed a relative increase in incidence (visit ratio >1) and lower mean weekly visit counts (percent change <0) compared with the 2019 summer period. These findings indicate that the relative proportion of visits was higher while the mean weekly number of visits was lower and was likely influenced by the public health emergency declaration for the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 ( 1 , 3 ).

These findings raise concerns about the challenges U.S. children and adolescents face in the school environment ( 4 ). Several factors might contribute to these increases. Children and adolescents can experience unique school-related stressors,** including transitioning into the school year or attending a new school, academic performance pressure and testing, and in-school bullying and peer victimization. Social anxiety might lead to worsening mental health, resulting in a visit to an ED ( 5 – 7 ). School- and provider-based screenings and assessments for mental health usually increase at the start of the school year, prompting referral for care ( 8 ). Mental and behavioral health conditions might be recognized by school staff members when they manifest in classroom behavioral issues (e.g., disruption in class, poor attendance, and poor academic performance), or when students disclose mental health challenges.

Engaging children and adolescents in social and emotional learning (SEL) programs can promote their emotional well-being. School-based SEL programs †† provide students and teachers with tools to cope with stressors. Other strategies that have been shown to be effective at promoting and maintaining emotional well-being among children and adolescents include pediatric mental health care access programs; suicide prevention gatekeeper trainings; trauma and grief interventions; crisis intervention and response services; peer-led approaches to encourage students to seek help; evidence-based comprehensive school health–education curriculum that includes lessons on mental health disorders, self-care, substance use prevention and sexual health education, providing access to local and national mobile crisis services, and expanding community-based service alternatives ( 2 , 9 , 10 ).

Multisector collaboration and coordination, including government, education, and community organizations, are needed to promote and prioritize child and adolescent mental health and to avoid placing the responsibility of improvement solely on educational institutions. §§ Evidence-based strategies (e.g., CDC’s Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences [ACEs]: Leveraging the Best Available Evidence resource) ¶¶ offer options for a comprehensive and systems-level approach to supporting children and families. State and local government agencies and school partners can collaborate when addressing the behavioral health of children. CDC approaches, including the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model,*** What Works in Schools program, ††† Suicide Prevention Resource for Action, §§§ and ACEs training module can be useful for schools seeking to support or enhance protective factors and respond using trauma-informed methods ( 7 , 9 ). Government agencies can collaborate to establish tailored and culturally responsive messaging ¶¶¶ , **** , †††† for various audiences (e.g., parents and caregivers, students, community leaders, health care providers, and educational professionals), including social media campaigns about students’ mental health needs during certain times of the year. §§§§

Limitations

The findings in this report are subject to at least five limitations. First, NSSP ED visit data are a convenience sample and are not nationally representative. Second, ED visits represent unique events, not individual persons, and might reflect multiple visits for one person. Third, HCUP Clinical Classifications Software Refined categories are not mutually exclusive; codes can appear in more than one category. Fourth, results for children aged 5–9 years should be interpreted with caution, particularly data about suicidal ideation or self-harm, because of low visit volume and uncertainty about intentionality. Finally, because school start and end dates vary within and across regions, some ED visits might be misclassified, resulting in underestimation of the extent of the increase in number of ED visits for mental and behavioral health conditions; many such visits can occur outside of EDs and reasons for changes in ED visit patterns cannot be ascertained from these data.

Public Health Implications

Systemic changes that prioritize protective factors (e.g., physical activity; nutrition; sleep; social, community, or faith-based support; and inclusive school and community environments) and well-being promotion might improve mental health among children and adolescents long before a trip to an ED is needed. These changes include consideration of the seasonal timing of increases in child and adolescent mental and behavioral health conditions; efforts to incorporate preparedness for mental health concerns into programmatic planning, especially during back-to-school; prevention of conditions that increase risk for mental disorders; early identification of mental health disorders; and targeted interventions. Parents and caregivers, educators, health care providers, and others who regularly interact with children and adolescents can learn about signs and symptoms of mental distress ¶¶¶¶ and monitor children and adolescents for possible increases in mental distress in the weeks leading up to and during the academic year.

Acknowledgments

National Syndromic Surveillance Program Community of Practice; Jennifer Adjemian, Umed A. Ajani, Rebecca Bitsko, Kim Gadsden-Knowles, Aaron Harris, Kathleen Hartnett, Heather Lauren Kreth, Karl Soetebier, Deborah Stone.

Corresponding author: Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, [email protected] .

1 Detect and Monitor Division, Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology, CDC; 2 Epidemiology and Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health; 3 Carolina Center for Health Informatics, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; 4 Monroe Carell, Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee; 5 Community Mental Health & Addiction, Pima County Health Department, Tucson, Arizona; 6 Center for Policy, Planning and Evaluation, District of Columbia Department of Health, Washington, D.C.; 7 Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland; 8 District of Columbia Office of the State Superintendent of Education, Washington, D.C.; 9 Division of Mental Health, Kentucky Department for Behavioral Health, Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities; 10 Kansas Department of Health and Environment; 11 Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC; 12 Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; 13 Tri-County Health Department, Aurora, Colorado; 14 Arapahoe County Public Health Department, Greenwood Village, Colorado; 15 Office of Crisis Services and Suicide Prevention, Tennessee Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services; 16 Communicable and Environmental Diseases and Emergency Preparedness Division, Tennessee Department of Health; 17 Division of Family Health and Wellness, Tennessee Department of Health; 18 Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC; 19 Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC; 20 Office of Strategy and Innovation, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC; 21 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland; 22 U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.; 23 Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC.

All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

* https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/features/COVID-19-helping-children-transition-back-to-school.html ; https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/protective/school_connectedness.htm

† To reduce artifactual impact from changes in reporting patterns, analyses were restricted to facilities with a coefficient of variation for ED visits ≤40 and average weekly informative discharge diagnosis ≥75% complete with discharge diagnosis code formatting during January 2018–June 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/nssp/index.html

§ ED visits with multiple codes could be counted across more than one category; however, if multiple codes in a single visit mapped to the same category, the visit was counted only once; a full list of categories and corresponding codes is available at the HCUP website. https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/toolssoftware/ccsr/dxccsr.jsp

¶ 45 C.F.R. part 46.102(l)(2), 21 C.F.R. part 56; 42 U.S.C. Sect. 241(d); 5 U.S.C. Sect. 552a; 44 U.S.C. Sect. 3501 et seq.

** https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/childrens-risk-of-suicide-increases-on-school-days/

†† https://www.apa.org/monitor/2020/09/classroom-connections

§§ https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-youth-mental-health-advisory.pdf

¶¶ https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ACEs-Prevention-Resource_508.pdf

*** https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/wscc/index.htm

††† https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/whatworks/index.htm

§§§ https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/resources/prevention.html

¶¶¶ https://www2.ed.gov/documents/students/supporting-child-student-social-emotional-behavioral-mental-health.pdf

**** https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Identifying-Mental-Health-and-Substance-Use-Problems-of-Children-and-Adolescents-A-Guide-for-Child-Serving-Organizations/SMA12-4700

†††† https://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/apps/aces-training/#/edu#top

§§§§ https://knowledgerepository.syndromicsurveillance.org/mental-and-behavioral-health-resources

¶¶¶¶ https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/basics.html

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  • Bitsko RH, Claussen AH, Lichstein J, et al.; Mental health surveillance among children—United States, 2013–2019. MMWR Suppl 2022;71(Suppl-2):1–42. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.su7102a1 PMID:35202359
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  • Copeland JN, Babyak M, Inscoe AB, Maslow GR. Seasonality of pediatric mental health emergency department visits, school, and COVID-19. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022;38:e1673–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000002671 PMID:35319855
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  • Foster CE, Horwitz A, Thomas A, et al. Connectedness to family, school, peers, and community in socially vulnerable adolescents. Child Youth Serv Rev 2017;81:321–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.08.011 PMID:30202142
  • Kim WJ; American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Task Force on Workforce Needs. Child and adolescent psychiatry workforce: a critical shortage and national challenge. Acad Psychiatry 2003;27:277–82. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.27.4.277 PMID:14754851

FIGURE . Weekly trends in the number of emergency department visits* for depressive disorders (A), suicidal ideation or self-harm (B), and trauma- and stressor-related disorders (C) among children and adolescents aged 5–17 years, by age group — National Syndromic Surveillance Program, † United States, January 2018–June 2023 §

Abbreviation: ED = emergency department.

* To reduce artifactual impact from changes in reporting patterns, analyses were restricted to facilities with a coefficient of variation for ED visits ≤40 and average weekly informative discharge diagnosis ≥75% complete with consistent discharge diagnosis code formatting during January 2018–June 2023.

† National Syndromic Surveillance Program is a collaboration among CDC; local and state health departments; and federal, academic, and private sector partners. https://www.cdc.gov/nssp/index.html

§ Summer period (calendar weeks 24–36; June–September); fall school semester (calendar weeks 37–53; September–December); spring school semester (calendar weeks 1–23; January–June).

Abbreviation: ED = emergency department. * Visit ratio was defined as the proportion of all ED visits for a selected mental and behavioral health condition during the school semester (fall school semester [calendar weeks 37–53, September–December]; spring school semester [calendar weeks 1–23, January–June]) divided by the proportion of ED visits for that condition during the immediately preceding summer period (calendar weeks 24–36, June–September). † To reduce artifactual impact from changes in reporting patterns, analyses were restricted to facilities with a coefficient of variation of ED visits ≤40 and average weekly informative discharge diagnosis ≥75% complete with consistent discharge diagnosis code formatting during January 2018–June 2023. § National Syndromic Surveillance Program is a collaboration among CDC; local and state health departments; and federal, academic, and private sector partners. https://www.cdc.gov/nssp/index.html

* To reduce artifactual impact from changes in reporting patterns, analyses were restricted to facilities with a coefficient of variation of emergency department visits ≤40 and average weekly informative discharge diagnosis ≥75% complete with consistent discharge diagnosis code formatting during January 2018–June 2023. † Percent change was calculated as visits during the fall school semester (calendar weeks 37–53, September–December) and spring school semester (calendar weeks 1–23, January–June) separately compared with visits during the summer period (calendar weeks 24–36, June–September). § National Syndromic Surveillance Program is a collaboration among CDC; local and state health departments; and federal, academic, and private sector partners. https://www.cdc.gov/nssp/index.html

Suggested citation for this article: Radhakrishnan L, Carey K, Pell D, et al. Seasonal Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Mental and Behavioral Health Conditions Among Children and Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years — United States, January 2018–June 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:1032–1040. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7238a3 .

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school visits ratios

  • Education, training and skills
  • Pupil wellbeing, behaviour and attendance
  • Health, safety and wellbeing in schools

Health and safety on educational visits

  • Department for Education

Published 26 November 2018

Applies to England

school visits ratios

© Crown copyright 2018

This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] .

Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.

This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-and-safety-on-educational-visits/health-and-safety-on-educational-visits

Types of trip

The 2 main types of trip are:

  • routine visits
  • trips that need a risk assessment and extra planning

Routine visits

These involve no more than an everyday level of risk, such as for slips and trips, and are covered by a school’s current policies and procedures. They only need a little extra planning beyond the educational aspect of the trip and can be considered as a lesson in a different classroom.

Trips that need a risk assessment and extra planning

These are trips not covered by a school’s current policies. This could be due to considerations such as the:

  • distance from the school
  • type of activity
  • need for staff with specialist skills

Sometimes a school may simply need to review its current plans or arrangements that were successful on previous trips. However, some trips will need a risk assessment, detailed planning and the informed approval of the headteacher or governing board. The person given the job of managing this should:

  • have the skills, status and competence needed for the job
  • understand the risks involved
  • be familiar with the activity

Plans should be proportionate and sensible, focusing on how to manage genuine risks.

When to seek consent from parents or carers

A school must always get written consent for nursery-age children.

For children over nursery age, written consent is not needed for most trips, as they’re part of the curriculum. However, it’s good practice to tell parents or carers about them.

Written consent is usually only needed for trips that:

  • need a higher level of risk assessment
  • are outside normal school hours

The school can ask parents to sign a consent form when their child enrols. This will cover them for their whole time at the school. Advice on consent forms is available on the Outdoor Education Advisers’ Panel ( OEAP ) website.

A school should still tell parents or carers about such trips and give them the opportunity to withdraw their child.

Using outside organisations

Schools using an outside organisation to provide an activity must check the organisation has appropriate safety standards and public liability insurance.

The Council for Learning Outside the Classroom ( LOtC ) awards the Learning Outside the Classroom Quality Badge to organisations that meet nationally recognised standards.

Schools can check if an organisation holds the LOtC Quality Badge .

If an organisation does not hold the badge, the school must ensure that they’re an appropriate organisation to use. This could include checking:

  • their insurance
  • that they meet legal requirements
  • their health and safety and emergency policies
  • their risk assessments
  • control measures
  • their use of vehicles
  • staff competence
  • safeguarding
  • accommodation
  • any sub-contracting arrangements they have
  • that they have a licence, where needed

The school should have an agreement with the organisation that makes it clear what everyone is responsible for. This is especially important if they will be taking over supervision of the children.

Adventure activities: caving, climbing, trekking and watersports

These kinds of activities should be identified and risk assessed as part of the visit beforehand. Staff managing or leading visits must not decide to add such activities during the trip. They should always consider the abilities of the children when assessing risk.

Organisations need a licence to provide some adventure activities. Organisations that hold the LOtC Quality Badge should hold a licence for the activity they provide.

Information about licensing is available on the Health and Safety Executive ( HSE ) website.

Watersports

When planning watersports, schools should consider the need for:

  • instructors

A school should take particular care when using hotel swimming pools and other water-based leisure facilities that may not have a trained lifeguard on duty. Although there are no swimming-pool-specific health and safety laws, the OEAP provides useful advice about undertaking adventure specialist activities, including swimming.

Trips abroad

Trips abroad can present extra risks and need a higher level of risk assessment.

Schools should make sure that any organisation providing activities holds the LOtC Quality Badge or similar local accreditation.

The HSE does not cover incidents overseas. However, it can investigate work carried out in Britain to support the trip, such as a risk assessment. School staff could be liable under civil law for any injuries to the children due to negligence.

If the trip includes significant risks, such as challenging terrain, a remote location or an extreme climate, a school should follow the guide to the British Standard for adventurous activities outside the United Kingdom as the basis for its planning and risk assessment. Organisations employed by the school should follow this, too. If they have a LOtC Quality Badge, they follow this standard.

Schools should consider the Foreign and Commonwealth Office’s detailed guidance on safer adventure travel and volunteering overseas and foreign travel advice when organising a visit abroad.

Knowing what to do in an emergency

Schools should have an emergency response plan that covers what to do if there is an incident away from school. They should also have a communications plan that covers how routine communications should be handled, including regular check-ins and calls to reassure people. Trip leaders should be familiar with the plan.

Schools can get advice on creating a communications plan from their outdoor activity adviser or the OEAP website .

Evaluating trips

A school should set up a clear process for evaluating all visits once they have been concluded, from the planning through to the visit itself. It should keep a record of any incidents, accidents and near-misses.

This will help it:

  • evaluate whether its planning has worked
  • learn from any incidents which took place

Educational visits coordinators

Schools should appoint an educational visits coordinator and make sure they have the training they need. The headteacher assumes this duty if there is no coordinator. Local authorities or academy trust outdoor education advisers can advise on appointing and training coordinators.

The coordinator works with the outdoor education adviser to help their colleagues in school to assess and manage risks.

The coordinator should:

  • be an experienced visits leader
  • have the status to be able to guide the working practices of other staff
  • be confident in assessing the ability of other staff to lead visits
  • be confident in assessing outside activity providers
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The National Gallery home

Plan a school visit

Handy tips and info to plan your school visit

How do I book a visit?

Please see our available sessions for Primary Schools and Secondary Schools to book a visit. 

You’ll find it helpful to have a 1st, 2nd and 3rd choice of date and a time frame for your visit ready. Please try to book your visit at least 6 weeks ahead.

If you are a self-guided school group that does not require a National Gallery facilitated session, please book a self-guided group visit .

How many adults should I bring?

school visits ratios

Please note that teachers are responsible for the behaviour of their group at all times during their visit.

Please read the guidelines in the Pre-Visit Information (sent to you in your confirmation email) and ensure they are shared with all accompanying adults.

How do we get to the Gallery?

Please follow the latest guidelines on travel and public transport..

[All links to TFL and Google Maps open in a new window]

Plan your journey on the TFL website .

Getting here by:, parking for:.

There is a parking space on Orange Street for Blue Badge holders only. Please book in advance by calling 020 7747 2885.

There are designated parking bays on St Martin's Street. Please phone Westminster Parking Information Service on 020 7823 4567 for more information.

Public car parks are available nearby in Leicester Square and Trafalgar Square .

The nearest bike stands are on Orange Street, St Martin's Street, St Martin's Place, and Duncannon Street.

The nearest Santander Cycles docking stations are on St Martin's Street, Craven Street, Pall Mall East, William IV Street, Charles II Street and Oxendon Street. Please check TFL for up-to-date information about nearby Santander Cycle docking stations.

Where should I arrive?

Booked school groups should use the  Getty Entrance.

Please arrive 20 minutes before your booked slot.

If you are running late, please call us on the phone number provided in your confirmation email. If you arrive late, your Gallery Educator may not be able to offer you your full session.

Visit an exhibition

We provide free exhibition entry to school groups on three mornings during the exhibition run. Entry is every 30 mins beginning at 10.00, with last entry at 12.30. Tickets can be booked by emailing [email protected] .

Teachers’ notes are available to help you make the most of your visit.

Please be aware that some exhibitions contain sensitive images which may not be suitable for all groups.

Facilities and amenities

Sandwich rooms.

You can book 30-minute slots in our sandwich rooms when booking a facilitated session. If your group is small, you may be asked to share with another group. Please arrive and leave punctually in time for the next group to use the space. 

Please keep us tidy

If you use our sandwich rooms, please make sure you leave the room clean and tidy by using the cleaning materials provided. 

Nearby parks

There are several parks close to the Gallery which might provide an alternative lunch or play spot in good weather.

There is cloakroom space but please try to bring the minimum with you and do not leave valuables. Students using the cloakroom must be accompanied by an adult.

There are two sets of public toilets near the schools’ area. Please allow sufficient time to ensure you are on time for your session.

You may use pencils and felt tips if you are doing your own activities, but please do not use wax crayons, pastels or ink pens in the Gallery. Materials for all workshops will be provided. 

All sessions are led by experienced Gallery Educators. Their aim is to help you and your students engage and respond to the collection of Western European paintings which date from the Middle Ages to the early 20th century.

Your Gallery Educator will meet you at the Pigott Education Centre entrance and take you back there at the end.

If you arrive early, or if you want to stay on after your talk, you are more than welcome to do so. We recommend you divide the class into small groups and try to avoid rooms where other school or adult groups are being taught. Our Explore the collection resource will help you to enhance your visit.

Please remember teachers and adult helpers are responsible for their students at all times and must stay with their group.

Mobile phones must be switched to silent.

Yes, though please be aware that the Gallery can get very busy and must remain accessible for all. 

Paintings are sometimes moved and rooms closed at short notice and there may be other activities taking place. It is advisable not to assume that you will be able to see a particular painting or room and plan any activities accordingly. 

You may use pencils and felt tips for drawing but please do not use wax crayons, pastels or ink pens.

Our Explore the collection resource can be used for any painting, in any room and in any order.

Yes, but you will need to book tickets separately. Please email [email protected] for more information.

Visiting guidelines

To help us keep the Gallery a safe and enjoyable place for everyone, please follow the guidelines listed in our Visitor Admissions Policy .

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  • School Curriculum and General issues

Ratios For School Trips?

Guest

By Guest, March 16, 2010 in School Curriculum and General issues

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Does anyone know the ratios for school trips? Currently we say 1:2 for 4yr olds and 1:6 for 5+ but have been told that 1:2 is too low and should be 1:4 or 1:6.

I working a mixed YR/Y1 class.

Can anyone help? There doesn't seem to be any set ratios.

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Guest LornaW

Guest LornaW

There is no legal limit. You need to do your own risk assessment and decide how many adults you need. Sometime too many adults hinder the learning. Of course you have EYFS ratios for each age but you need to way up the risk and then have a ratio that will support the activity.

I agree with lorna, there is no legal national requirement, but its worth checking if there is a local guidance. In my old LA we had guidance sent out to us from time to time and our ratios were expected to be 4:1 for nursery age (in a school) and 5:1 for reception.

Scarlettangel

Scarlettangel

When I have queried this in previous times I have always been told there are no set limits.

Some places ask for a ratio so that the trip works well but otherwise I think you have to decide for yourself........... looking at where you are going and what you will be doing and any major risks that might crop up!

And of course the children you are taking with you can mean all the difference!!

At my school we stick to 1:3 in the nursery and then 1:4 for the 4 year olds and 1:5 for the 5 year olds in Reception. Have no idea where that came from but it is the way we've always done it. It works for us.

When we have had a child with a statement and 1-1 support we have stuck to that and had that extra person, but given the support assistant 1 other child to walk with so that the child with a statement has someone to interact with but without giving the support too many children (if that makes sense!!).

I teach Reception and it depends on where we go. We go to a nature resesrve and there is no charge for adults so we take as many parents offer there usualy ends up a ratio of about 1-4 and if i can i like to not have a group so i can over see everyone observe, take photos etc if i need to deal with behaviour etc talk to anybody or sort things out.

If we go and have to be charged for adults then i think it may work out more like 1-5 as the cost goes onto the children for taking the adults.

When we go on local walks around the village and down to the marina and farm we again take as many as we can because of walking along the road etc. If there is a real behaviour issue we have 1-1 so for example last week we walked to the farm i had 2 children 1-1 and then i had no group so i could lead then i had 7 other adults who had groups of 4.

Thanks for your comments, this should help next time we have a trip organised, 1:2 can be a problem especially in Autumn term!

I had the same querieS. Contact your LA as they will have some guidelines. I was advised 1:5 for 3+, but as mentioned before it will depend on your risk assessment and where you are going? As if we were going to a pool, i would lower my ratio to 1:3

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Travel Itinerary For One Week in Moscow: The Best of Moscow!

I just got back from one week in Moscow. And, as you might have already guessed, it was a mind-boggling experience. It was not my first trip to the Russian capital. But I hardly ever got enough time to explore this sprawling city. Visiting places for business rarely leaves enough time for sightseeing. I think that if you’ve got one week in Russia, you can also consider splitting your time between its largest cities (i.e. Saint Petersburg ) to get the most out of your trip. Seven days will let you see the majority of the main sights and go beyond just scratching the surface. In this post, I’m going to share with you my idea of the perfect travel itinerary for one week in Moscow.

Moscow is perhaps both the business and cultural hub of Russia. There is a lot more to see here than just the Kremlin and Saint Basil’s Cathedral. Centuries-old churches with onion-shaped domes dotted around the city are in stark contrast with newly completed impressive skyscrapers of Moscow City dominating the skyline. I spent a lot of time thinking about my Moscow itinerary before I left. And this city lived up to all of my expectations.

7-day Moscow itinerary

Travel Itinerary For One Week in Moscow

Day 1 – red square and the kremlin.

Metro Station: Okhotny Ryad on Red Line.

No trip to Moscow would be complete without seeing its main attraction. The Red Square is just a stone’s throw away from several metro stations. It is home to some of the most impressive architectural masterpieces in the city. The first thing you’ll probably notice after entering it and passing vendors selling weird fur hats is the fairytale-like looking Saint Basil’s Cathedral. It was built to commemorate one of the major victories of Ivan the Terrible. I once spent 20 minutes gazing at it, trying to find the perfect angle to snap it. It was easier said than done because of the hordes of locals and tourists.

As you continue strolling around Red Square, there’s no way you can miss Gum. It was widely known as the main department store during the Soviet Era. Now this large (yet historic) shopping mall is filled with expensive boutiques, pricey eateries, etc. During my trip to Moscow, I was on a tight budget. So I only took a retro-style stroll in Gum to get a rare glimpse of a place where Soviet leaders used to grocery shop and buy their stuff. In case you want some modern shopping experience, head to the Okhotny Ryad Shopping Center with stores like New Yorker, Zara, and Adidas.

things to do in Moscow in one week

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To continue this Moscow itinerary, next you may want to go inside the Kremlin walls. This is the center of Russian political power and the president’s official residence. If you’re planning to pay Kremlin a visit do your best to visit Ivan the Great Bell Tower as well. Go there as early as possible to avoid crowds and get an incredible bird’s-eye view. There are a couple of museums that are available during designated visiting hours. Make sure to book your ticket online and avoid lines.

Day 2 – Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, the Tretyakov Gallery, and the Arbat Street

Metro Station: Kropotkinskaya on Red Line

As soon as you start creating a Moscow itinerary for your second day, you’ll discover that there are plenty of metro stations that are much closer to certain sites. Depending on your route, take a closer look at the metro map to pick the closest.

The white marble walls of Christ the Saviour Cathedral are awe-inspiring. As you approach this tallest Orthodox Christian church, you may notice the bronze sculptures, magnificent arches, and cupolas that were created to commemorate Russia’s victory against Napoleon.

travel itinerary for one week in Moscow

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Unfortunately, the current Cathedral is a replica, since original was blown to bits in 1931 by the Soviet government. The new cathedral basically follows the original design, but they have added some new elements such as marble high reliefs.

Home to some precious collection of artworks, in Tretyakov Gallery you can find more than 150,000 of works spanning centuries of artistic endeavor. Originally a privately owned gallery, it now has become one of the largest museums in Russia. The Gallery is often considered essential to visit. But I have encountered a lot of locals who have never been there.

Famous for its souvenirs, musicians, and theaters, Arbat street is among the few in Moscow that were turned into pedestrian zones. Arbat street is usually very busy with tourists and locals alike. My local friend once called it the oldest street in Moscow dating back to 1493. It is a kilometer long walking street filled with fancy gift shops, small cozy restaurants, lots of cute cafes, and street artists. It is closed to any vehicular traffic, so you can easily stroll it with kids.

Day 3 – Moscow River Boat Ride, Poklonnaya Hill Victory Park, the Moscow City

Metro Station: Kievskaya and Park Pobedy on Dark Blue Line / Vystavochnaya on Light Blue Line

Voyaging along the Moscow River is definitely one of the best ways to catch a glimpse of the city and see the attractions from a bit different perspective. Depending on your Moscow itinerary, travel budget and the time of the year, there are various types of boats available. In the summer there is no shortage of boats, and you’ll be spoiled for choice.

exploring Moscow

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If you find yourself in Moscow during the winter months, I’d recommend going with Radisson boat cruise. These are often more expensive (yet comfy). They offer refreshments like tea, coffee, hot chocolate, and, of course, alcoholic drinks. Prices may vary but mostly depend on your food and drink selection. Find their main pier near the opulent Ukraine hotel . The hotel is one of the “Seven Sisters”, so if you’re into the charm of Stalinist architecture don’t miss a chance to stay there.

The area near Poklonnaya Hill has the closest relation to the country’s recent past. The memorial complex was completed in the mid-1990s to commemorate the Victory and WW2 casualties. Also known as the Great Patriotic War Museum, activities here include indoor attractions while the grounds around host an open-air museum with old tanks and other vehicles used on the battlefield.

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The hallmark of the memorial complex and the first thing you see as you exit metro is the statue of Nike mounted to its column. This is a very impressive Obelisk with a statue of Saint George slaying the dragon at its base.

Maybe not as impressive as Shanghai’s Oriental Pearl Tower , the skyscrapers of the Moscow City (otherwise known as Moscow International Business Center) are so drastically different from dull Soviet architecture. With 239 meters and 60 floors, the Empire Tower is the seventh highest building in the business district.

The observation deck occupies 56 floor from where you have some panoramic views of the city. I loved the view in the direction of Moscow State University and Luzhniki stadium as well to the other side with residential quarters. The entrance fee is pricey, but if you’re want to get a bird’s eye view, the skyscraper is one of the best places for doing just that.

Day 4 – VDNKh, Worker and Collective Farm Woman Monument, The Ostankino TV Tower

Metro Station: VDNKh on Orange Line

VDNKh is one of my favorite attractions in Moscow. The weird abbreviation actually stands for Russian vystavka dostizheniy narodnogo khozyaystva (Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy). With more than 200 buildings and 30 pavilions on the grounds, VDNKh serves as an open-air museum. You can easily spend a full day here since the park occupies a very large area.

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First, there are pavilions that used to showcase different cultures the USSR was made of. Additionally, there is a number of shopping pavilions, as well as Moskvarium (an Oceanarium) that features a variety of marine species. VDNKh is a popular venue for events and fairs. There is always something going on, so I’d recommend checking their website if you want to see some particular exhibition.

A stone’s throw away from VDNKh there is a very distinctive 25-meters high monument. Originally built in 1937 for the world fair in Paris, the hulking figures of men and women holding a hammer and a sickle represent the Soviet idea of united workers and farmers. It doesn’t take much time to see the monument, but visiting it gives some idea of the Soviet Union’s grandiose aspirations.

I have a thing for tall buildings. So to continue my travel itinerary for one week in Moscow I decided to climb the fourth highest TV tower in the world. This iconic 540m tower is a fixture of the skyline. You can see it virtually from everywhere in Moscow, and this is where you can get the best panoramic views (yep, even better than Empire skyscraper).

top things to do in Moscow

Parts of the floor are made of tempered glass, so it can be quite scary to exit the elevator. But trust me, as you start observing buildings and cars below, you won’t want to leave. There is only a limited number of tickets per day, so you may want to book online. Insider tip: the first tour is cheaper, you can save up to $10 if go there early.

Day 5 – A Tour To Moscow Manor Houses

Metro Station: Kolomenskoye, Tsaritsyno on Dark Green Line / Kuskovo on Purple Line

I love visiting the manor houses and palaces in Moscow. These opulent buildings were generally built to house Russian aristocratic families and monarchs. Houses tend to be rather grand affairs with impressive architecture. And, depending on the whims of the owners, some form of a landscaped garden.

During the early part of the 20th century though, many of Russia’s aristocratic families (including the family of the last emperor) ended up being killed or moving abroad . Their manor houses were nationalized. Some time later (after the fall of the USSR) these were open to the public. It means that today a great many of Moscow’s finest manor houses and palaces are open for touring.

one week Moscow itinerary

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There are 20 manor houses scattered throughout the city and more than 25 in the area around. But not all of them easily accessible and exploring them often takes a lot of time. I’d recommend focusing on three most popular estates in Moscow that are some 30-minute metro ride away from Kremlin.

Sandwiched between the Moscow River and the Andropov Avenue, Kolomenskoye is a UNESCO site that became a public park in the 1920’s. Once a former royal estate, now it is one of the most tranquil parks in the city with gorgeous views. The Ascension Church, The White Column, and the grounds are a truly grand place to visit.

You could easily spend a full day here, exploring a traditional Russian village (that is, in fact, a market), picnicking by the river, enjoying the Eastern Orthodox church architecture, hiking the grounds as well as and wandering the park and gardens with wildflower meadows, apple orchards, and birch and maple groves. The estate museum showcases Russian nature at its finest year-round.

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If my travel itinerary for one week in Moscow was a family tree, Tsaritsyno Park would probably be the crazy uncle that no-one talks about. It’s a large park in the south of the city of mind-boggling proportions, unbelievable in so many ways, and yet most travelers have never heard of it.

The palace was supposed to be a summer home for Empress Catherine the Great. But since the construction didn’t meet with her approval the palace was abandoned. Since the early 1990’s the palace, the pond, and the grounds have been undergoing renovations. The entire complex is now looking brighter and more elaborately decorated than at possibly any other time during its history. Like most parks in Moscow, you can visit Tsaritsyno free of charge, but there is a small fee if you want to visit the palace.

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Last, but by no means least on my Moscow itinerary is Kuskovo Park . This is definitely an off-the-beaten-path place. While it is not easily accessible, you will be rewarded with a lack of crowds. This 18th-century summer country house of the Sheremetev family was one of the first summer country estates of the Russian nobility. And when you visit you’ll quickly realize why locals love this park.

Like many other estates, Kuskovo has just been renovated. So there are lovely French formal garden, a grotto, and the Dutch house to explore. Make sure to plan your itinerary well because the estate is some way from a metro station.

Day 6 – Explore the Golden Ring

Creating the Moscow itinerary may keep you busy for days with the seemingly endless amount of things to do. Visiting the so-called Golden Ring is like stepping back in time. Golden Ring is a “theme route” devised by promotion-minded journalist and writer Yuri Bychkov.

Having started in Moscow the route will take you through a number of historical cities. It now includes Suzdal, Vladimir, Kostroma, Yaroslavl and Sergiev Posad. All these awe-inspiring towns have their own smaller kremlins and feature dramatic churches with onion-shaped domes, tranquil residential areas, and other architectural landmarks.

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I only visited two out of eight cities included on the route. It is a no-brainer that Sergiev Posad is the nearest and the easiest city to see on a day trip from Moscow. That being said, you can explore its main attractions in just one day. Located some 70 km north-east of the Russian capital, this tiny and overlooked town is home to Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, UNESCO Site.

things to do in Moscow in seven days

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Sergiev Posad is often described as being at the heart of Russian spiritual life. So it is uncommon to see the crowds of Russian pilgrims showing a deep reverence for their religion. If you’re traveling independently and using public transport, you can reach Sergiev Posad by bus (departs from VDNKh) or by suburban commuter train from Yaroslavskaya Railway Station (Bahnhof). It takes about one and a half hours to reach the town.

Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius is a great place to get a glimpse of filling and warming Russian lunch, specifically at the “ Gostevaya Izba ” restaurant. Try the duck breast, hearty potato and vegetables, and the awesome Napoleon cake.

Day 7 – Gorky Park, Izmailovo Kremlin, Patriarch’s Ponds

Metro Station: Park Kultury or Oktyabrskaya on Circle Line / Partizanskaya on Dark Blue Line / Pushkinskaya on Dark Green Line

Gorky Park is in the heart of Moscow. It offers many different types of outdoor activities, such as dancing, cycling, skateboarding, walking, jogging, and anything else you can do in a park. Named after Maxim Gorky, this sprawling and lovely park is where locals go on a picnic, relax and enjoy free yoga classes. It’s a popular place to bike around, and there is a Muzeon Art Park not far from here. A dynamic location with a younger vibe. There is also a pier, so you can take a cruise along the river too.

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The Kremlin in Izmailovo is by no means like the one you can find near the Red Square. Originally built for decorative purposes, it now features the Vernissage flea market and a number of frequent fairs, exhibitions, and conferences. Every weekend, there’s a giant flea market in Izmailovo, where dozens of stalls sell Soviet propaganda crap, Russian nesting dolls, vinyl records, jewelry and just about any object you can imagine. Go early in the morning if you want to beat the crowds.

All the Bulgakov’s fans should pay a visit to Patriarch’s Ponds (yup, that is plural). With a lovely small city park and the only one (!) pond in the middle, the location is where the opening scene of Bulgakov’s novel Master and Margarita was set. The novel is centered around a visit by Devil to the atheistic Soviet Union is considered by many critics to be one of the best novels of the 20th century. I spent great two hours strolling the nearby streets and having lunch in the hipster cafe.

Conclusion and Recommendations

To conclude, Moscow is a safe city to visit. I have never had a problem with getting around and most locals are really friendly once they know you’re a foreigner. Moscow has undergone some serious reconstruction over the last few years. So you can expect some places to be completely different. I hope my one week Moscow itinerary was helpful! If you have less time, say 4 days or 5 days, I would cut out day 6 and day 7. You could save the Golden Ring for a separate trip entirely as there’s lots to see!

What are your thoughts on this one week Moscow itinerary? Are you excited about your first time in the city? Let me know in the comments below!

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24 comments.

school visits ratios

Ann Snook-Moreau

Moscow looks so beautiful and historic! Thanks for including public transit information for those of us who don’t like to rent cars.

school visits ratios

MindTheTravel

Yup, that is me 🙂 Rarely rent + stick to the metro = Full wallet!

school visits ratios

Mariella Blago

Looks like you had loads of fun! Well done. Also great value post for travel lovers.

Thanks, Mariella!

school visits ratios

I have always wanted to go to Russia, especially Moscow. These sights look absolutely beautiful to see and there is so much history there!

Agree! Moscow is a thousand-year-old city and there is definitely something for everyone.

school visits ratios

Tara Pittman

Those are amazing buildings. Looks like a place that would be amazing to visit.

school visits ratios

Adriana Lopez

Never been to Moscow or Russia but my family has. Many great spots and a lot of culture. Your itinerary sounds fantastic and covers a lot despite it is only a short period of time.

What was their favourite thing about Russia?

school visits ratios

Gladys Parker

I know very little about Moscow or Russia for the\at matter. I do know I would have to see the Red Square and all of its exquisite architectural masterpieces. Also the CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST THE SAVIOUR. Thanks for shedding some light on visiting Moscow.

Thanks for swinging by! The Red Square is a great starting point, but there way too many places and things to discover aside from it!

school visits ratios

Ruthy @ Percolate Kitchen

You are making me so jealous!! I’ve always wanted to see Russia.

school visits ratios

Moscow is in my bucket list, I don’t know when I can visit there, your post is really useful. As a culture rich place we need to spend at least week.

school visits ratios

DANA GUTKOWSKI

Looks like you had a great trip! Thanks for all the great info! I’ve never been in to Russia, but this post makes me wanna go now!

school visits ratios

Wow this is amazing! Moscow is on my bucket list – such an amazing place to visit I can imagine! I can’t wait to go there one day!

school visits ratios

The building on the second picture looks familiar. I keep seeing that on TV.

school visits ratios

Reesa Lewandowski

What beautiful moments! I always wish I had the personality to travel more like this!

school visits ratios

Perfect itinerary for spending a week in Moscow! So many places to visit and it looks like you had a wonderful time. I would love to climb that tower. The views I am sure must have been amazing!

I was lucky enough to see the skyline of Moscow from this TV Tower and it is definitely mind-blowing.

school visits ratios

Chelsea Pearl

Moscow is definitely up there on my travel bucket list. So much history and iconic architecture!

Thumbs up! 🙂

school visits ratios

Blair Villanueva

OMG I dream to visit Moscow someday! Hope the visa processing would be okay (and become more affordable) so I could pursue my dream trip!

Yup, visa processing is the major downside! Agree! Time and the money consuming process…

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15 reasons you must visit Moscow

Home / Russia Travel Experiences / 15 reasons you must visit Moscow

Home to almost over 12 million souls, Moscow is many things to many people, and everyone finds their own reasons to visit Moscow. There is an infinite number of reasons to visit Moscow and its attractions. To make it easier for travellers, we created a list of the crowd’s top fifteen reasons and attractions everyone should visit when in Moscow.

Table of Contents

1. Indulge in countless historical and modern artworks

Whether you are just dipping your toes into the art world or you know everything about arts, Moscow is a must-visit for every self-proclaimed or certified art connoisseur and historian. The city has numerous historical and contemporary museums and art galleries and they are essential in the list when you visit Moscow. Among the plethora of galleries and museums is The State Tretyakov Gallery  holding the world’s foremost collection of Russian fine art. Another is the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts which showcases artworks from the ancient times to this day such as the paintings of Rembrandt, Botticelli, Van Gogh, and Picasso. The Moscow Museum of Modern Art , on the other hand, displays artworks created in the 20th and 21st centuries.

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Moscow is not only home to famous historical paintings, the city also showcases modern, educational, and multimedia arts. The Moscow Planetarium is one of the biggest planetariums in the world. It is an interactive museum that educates everyone with their scientific resources. The openness of Russia to new forms of arts can be seen in the Multimedia Art Museum, Winzavod (Wine Factory), Garage Museum of Contemporary Art, and the Lumiere Brothers Photography Center . These art galleries unite all forms of media, arts, and modern culture.

For the love of art, moreover, they have converted former industrial areas to unique art spaces. ARTPLAY Center of Design and Flacon Design Factory are two of the known art spaces for local organisations and artists to express their creativity, host their own workshops, lectures, design festivals, concerts, performances, and exhibits. 

TIP: Open Museum Day in Moscow offers free day-time admission in most city museums every third Sunday of the month. Forty museums and art galleries are participating including the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow Museum of Modern Art, Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics , and State Museum of Ceramics and Kuskovo Estate of the 18th Century.

If you’re craving for more museum adventures, we have created a list of the best museum to visit in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

2. Step onto the mighty Red Square

Walk onto the uneven cobblestones alongside the throngs of bustling citizens and you’ll see centuries of Russian (and world) history reflected in the architecture of Red Square. It is the epicentre of Russia. The country’s major highways and Moscow’s main streets all originate from the Red Square. However, it is not only the heart of Russian streets but is also the heart of Russian history and culture where most of the biggest Russian events and changes unfolded such as high-profile executions and military parades. The city square also served as the main marketplace and site for national public ceremonies and festive processions. Being considered as a sacred place, it is absolutely a must-see when you visit Moscow.

Moscow tour Red Square Russia

Official commemorations and parades today are still mostly held in the square. The surrounding buildings of the Red Square also add great significance to why you should include the beautiful square on your bucket list when you visit Moscow. Some of these famous attractions are iconic:

  • St. Basil’s Cathedral
  • Lenin’s Mausoleum
  • The Kremlin
  • Kazan Cathedral
  • The historical GUM Department Store
  • State Historical Museum
  • The Iberian Gate (also known as the Resurrection Gate and Chapel

3. Visit the Moscow Kremlin

The Kremlin , together with Red Square was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990. UNESCO included this architectural ensemble not just because of its outstanding design but also because of its rich historical and political linkage. That is why you should not miss this when you visit Moscow. It is located on Borovitsky Hill just above the Moskva River, on the west side of the magnificent Red Square. It serves as the Russian President’s residence and treasure houses such as the Armory Chamber Museum and the Russian Diamond Fund . Two Royal Cathedrals, the Secret Garden, and Ivan the Great Bell Tower are some of the attractions you can visit inside the Kremlin. Also, along the Kremlin wall is where you can see the gravestones of most Soviet leaders -including Stalin’s.

Moscow tour Russia

TIP: The Kremlin is open every day except on Thursdays and tickets for each establishment inside the Kremlin are sold separately. They also limit the number of daily visitors. May to September of every year is considered as the peak season.

4. Awaken your senses in the Bolshoi theatre

The Bolshoi Ballet Company is one of the most enduring symbols of Russia’s esteemed cultural traditions, and Moscow’s Bolshoi (Big) Theatre is the association’s fittingly elegant headquarters. Moscow’s oldest theatre has been painstakingly restored and renovated in recent years. It is a must-see day or night with their world-famous opera and ballet performances when you visit Moscow. Taking in an evening performance of a classic Russian ballet like Tchaikovsky’s Nutcracker is one of the city’s most captivating cultural experiences.

Moscow tour Russia

Aside from the Bolshoi Theatre, there are around 170 theatres in the city; each of which features unique performances. It is the sole reason why Moscow is coined as the “City of Theatres”.  No matter what genre, as long as it is in Moscow it will be surreal.  No wonder the city attracts all theatregoers around the globe. To name a few, here are the must-visit theatres around the city: (1) Maly Theatre which showcases classic traditions of Russian Theatre, (2) Moscow Art Theatre combines classical and modern drama traditions, and (4) Theatre of Nations and (5) Gogol Centre further popularized modern arts such as post-drama and comedy production.

Russian ballet

TIP: Most people have been planning to witness a performance (especially in Bolshoi Theatre) for years. Remember to check and purchase tickets ahead of time before getting excited to watch the spectacular performance. Also, wearing your best evening dress won’t hurt.

5. Enjoy the ambiance of Moscow parks

While Moscow’s attractions are usually known as a mixture of extravagant Tsarist architecture and stern Soviet buildings, much of Moscow is actually surprisingly green and the city’s parks have grown into its pride and joy over the years. Take a break from walking around historical establishments and rest in these well-groomed green areas. These parks provide some of Moscow’s best people-watching spots and offer various activities you can do with your group or with the locals from playing sports and board games on the pavement to simply enjoying the outdoor cafes.

St Petersburg tour Russia

Slow down from the hectic pace of the city life by having a stop-over in the most popular green spaces when you visit Moscow. Gorky Park has its own telegraph and clinic, Park of Arts Museum often hosts music festivals, art fairs and exhibits, and lastly, Sokolniki Park and Izmailovsky Park have bike rentals and small amusement parks that are perfect for family day-outs.

6. Experience the magnificent Moscow Metro

Apart from being an extremely handy way to get around the city,  Moscow’s metro system  is a striking feat of engineering. Opened in 1935, it is one of the largest and oldest underground railway systems in the world. Its grand stations are remarkably beautiful. With their grandiose architecture, intricate mosaics, and dramatic sculptures, it has turned many metro stations into picturesque tourist attractions. There are 12 lines and a total of 200 stations. Elektrozavodskaya, Arbatskaya, Kievskaya, Komsomolskaya, and Mayakovskaya are just a few of the magical stations that seems to be like an underground palace.

Moscow tour Russia

Visit Moscow grand stations during “dead hours” —11 am to 2 pm or after 10 pm in order get the most out of the spectacular metro stations. And for the sake of courtesy and respect, always give your seat to Babushkas or the beautiful Russian grannies on the train. Train tickets can be shared and you can buy them for 1, 2, 20, 40, and 60 trips. Unlimited Metro travel for 1, 3, and 7 full days are also available from 210 to 800 rubles. Alternatively, you can purchase a Troika Card which costs 50 rubles and allows you to travel on all public transportation in Moscow.

7. Be amazed by the beauty & grace of Moscow’s churches

In Moscow, the majority of religion belongs to the Russian Orthodox Church which has 320 of total parishes in Moscow alone. Thus, it is not surprising that Orthodox churches and its unique architecture are one of the must-sees when you visit Moscow. Onion domes had long been known as the classic design of Orthodox churches in Russia. Below, we will mention some of the iconic churches you shouldn’t miss seeing in the city.

Moscow tour Russia

The Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed or St. Basil Cathedral is perhaps the most popular and most unusual church in the country. It is located at the Southern end of the Red Square. Built in 1555, it is originally called the Intercession Cathedral  to commemorate Ivan the Terrible’s victory over the Tatars. The bonfire-flame-shaped-cathedral has nine towers full of colours, shapes, and patterns. It was designed like a maze as a whole while each way leads to nine chapels with creatively decorated interiors. The magnificent cathedral is open every day except for the first Wednesday of every month.

With its golden onion domes, the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour  is the largest cathedral of all Russian Orthodox Church and has the capacity of over a thousand devotees. However, there is another known cathedral with golden domes —the Cathedral of the Assumption. What makes this cathedral different is that its domes are not just gold, but  they  are also light-reflecting sitting inside the Kremlin. Lastly, we would like to feature a church with neo-gothic architecture –the Moscow Immaculate Conception Catholic Cathedral.  It  is the largest Catholic building in the country. To this day, masses and Catholic religious services are still being conducted in different languages in the cathedral.

8. Visit Moscow streets and the monumental architecture

The beautiful architecture of museums and churches, makes each city street a sight to behold. For sure you’ll have a jaw-dropping moment at least once when you visit Moscow. The streets around the Red Square are a good start for you to stroll and have them as background for your OOTD photos. 

Russia tours Moscow

Tverskaya Stree t is known as Moscow’s fashion street and main street. This street is also one of the most expensive streets in the world, basing from the commercial rental fees. Another fashion district, Kuznetsky Most (literally translates to Blacksmith’s bridge)is where popular shops such as “Kuznetsky Most 20” – a famous concept store and “House of Foreign Books” (which is the best foreign-language bookshop) are located. Ulitsa Varvaka claims to be the oldest street and has the most churches in the city; it also shows the more medieval side of Moscow. If you are looking for high-end souvenirs, take a look at the shops on Arbat Street . Just do not forget to negotiate with the vendors and ask for discounts! Also, you get a chance to taste local vodkas as they offer free samples on the street.

9. Enjoy Moscow street food and fine dining restaurants

Moscow can surprise even the most demanding gourmands with the variety of foods , flavours and dining scenes the city has to offer. Russian cuisine is famous for exotic soups and rustic, hearty dishes like pelmeni (meat dumplings), pancakes with different fillings, and last but not the least, caviar. Sweets are also a big thing in the Russian kitchen and they are incomparable with other confectioneries that can be bought outside the country. “RotFront” soya bars , Chak-Chak Sticks and Kozinaki are just a few of the most popular sweet snacks in Moscow.

Russian food

Great food is everywhere, 24 hours a day in the city. Yar , one of the oldest restaurants in Russia has been serving local Russian cuisines for nearly a century now in Moscow. Another restaurant, Praga , which opened 150 years ago is known for its European and Russian dishes in addition to their pastry shop on the ground floor. Cafe Pushkin , a three-storey restaurant is open 24 hours a day. Each floor has its own menu and theme: the Pharmacy, Library, and the Fireplace Room. The Library floor is said to have the best view of the Tverskoy Boulevard during breakfast. However, if you want to time travel, find the secret door of Mari Vanna and experience what it is like to live in a Soviet home 50 years ago. Watch old Soviet channels and look through old bookcases and photos while having traditional Russian stews and pies. And oh, do not forget to book for tables!

Russian Food Guide Moscow Restaurants

But there’s so much more to Moscow’s modern gastronomic landscape. From sophisticated new takes on old-school cooking to cosmopolitan eateries offering refined cuisine from around the world, Moscow is also boasting with street foods. Chebureki or cheburechnaya, as what some cafes call them, are fried triangle-shaped thin dough stuffed with minced meat and spices. On the other hand, Blini is a better option for those who have a sweet tooth. They are crepes that can be filled with, cheese, jam, honey, ham, condensed milk, or red caviar. Today, Blini are famously made and sold in Teremok — a popular fast-food chain. Another fast-food chain has popularised a Russian local snack: Kroshka-Kartoshka . Although the name translates to “tiny potato”, they serve enormous baked potatoes with cheese, pickled mushrooms, butter, and other fillings. And lastly, pirozhki, which means pie seems to be the symbol of Russian street foods. Just look around the streets and try the four local snacks that we’ve mentioned and you’ll realise that every food is stuffed and/or filled with something. Now it is your turn to stuff your belly with Moscow street food!

10. Shop till you drop in Moscow boutiques

Muscovites are mad-shoppers and once you see the brands and collectives in each shopping centre, you might become one of them. From the most glamorous high-end fashion brands, art and design pieces, to antiques and traditional handicrafts, the opportunities for a hardcore spree are endless. Make sure to drop by the two most famous shopping centres, GUM and TSUM when you visit Moscow. They are must-visits even if you are only there to admire (or baulk at) their stupendous swankiness.

Moscow tour

GUM is on the east side of Red Square. It is a former State Department Store. The building’s architecture will instantly give you an extravagant feeling. However, along with its luxurious interior, comes the most luxurious brands and prices. It is open for twelve hours each day from 10 am to 10 pm. On the other hand, TSUM , a six-story historical gothic building is the largest high-end department store in Eastern Europe. There is a luxury supermarket which is open for twenty-four hours on the ground floor.

More affordable options are in the city’s many bustling flea markets, or in beautiful old boutique stores. Tsvetnoy Central Market and Kuznetsky Most 20 are just two of the known markets in the city where both hot and hippy street brands can be found. Local creative contemporary designers and high-end creatives are also housed in both markets.

11. Earn bragging rights with the perfect Instagram snap

Up your Instagram and Facebook feed with these views and different angles of the city. Shamelessly share your food and shoes with the streets and floors you’re walking into with your virtual friends. Or take a snap of the random streets of Moscow depicting their rich cultures. Also, do not forget the big picture! Which literally means photos of the whole city.

Moscow tour

Did you really visit Moscow if you don’t have any photo of the Red Square and Moscow Kremlin? Stand at the centre of Red Square and Kremlin, take the most iconic shot and show the world that you were actually in Moscow. We’ve listed three buildings that have the best top views of the city. The (1) Federation Tower which also has the highest restaurant in Moscow, (2) The Moscow State University has a panoramic view of the city inside The Museum of Geography on its top floor and (3) Cathedral of Christ ’s observation deck have the most breathtaking top views of the city.

The Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Garage Museum of Contemporary Art , GUM, ARTPlay , and Moscow Metro stations are just some of Moscow infrastructures perfect for your channel your inner artsy persona.  While walking around the Moscow CBD, do not forget to look up and take photos of the skyscrapers as far as your eyes and camera can reach. However, if you want to take a break from all the spectacular man-made architecture, take a stroll in Patriarch’s Pond , where you can feel like a real Muscovite and nature-lover.

12. Moscow never sleeps

>Let it be known: Russians love to party! And Moscow is undoubtedly the party capital of Russia. The capital city has an incredible array of nightlife options and a scene for everyone. Whether you’re keen to catch a live Russian rock band or slink into a smoky jazz club, Moscow is there for you. Go clubbing till the break of dawn or just lounge around with a beer and an endless array of fine local vodka. We have listed our top five bars and clubs to help you decide which one to go to. Go ahead and get your body moving along the music while drinking with Muscovites. In that way, you can actually experience Moscow.

school visits ratios

Propaganda , or Probka as what regulars call it, is opened in 1997 and has about the same age as the Moscow club culture. Aside from local drinks and world-class DJs, the club is also boasting with cheap sandwiches and steaks. On Thursdays, they hold dance parties and gay parties on Sundays. Nauka i Iskusstvo (Science and Art) is for you if music is the sole reason for your night out. The club is said to host the best electronic and hip parties. Noor Bar, nonetheless, is known for their classic cocktails which can be best enjoyed on Fridays and Saturdays while listening to their DJ sets. Just make sure to go there early to secure a spot. Another two famous nightclubs are located in Artplay: Pluton and Rodnya . Pluton promotes all kinds of music and art-performances while Rodnya is a rooftop club where you can enjoy dancing while waiting for the sun to rise in Summer.  Squad 3/4  is one of the most bizarre nightclubs in Moscow. It is located at the basement of the former Central Baths building and often hosts bohemian raves.

13. Take a Moscow River Cruise

Cruising along the Moskva River is one of the best ways to see and visit Moscow. Ticket pricing of the cruise depends on the size of the boat; the bigger the boat, the more expensive and smoother its sailing will be. For 800 rubles, you can board the most famous tour boat in Moscow: the yellow Lay’s boat. It plays loud Russian pop music as you sail the river. Bigger boats cost 1,100 to 2,000 rubles per person. These cruises on bigger boats often offer cozy lunch and dinner on top of the cruise itself.

Moscow River Cruise

TIP : There are two main boarding piers: Hotel Ukraine and Park Kultury. If you want to save money, buy your tickets online and make sure to arrive earlier as it is hard to find the pier where your boat is at. However, if you do not mind spending more for tickets, you can purchase from street hawkers. They will personally guide you on where to find your boat and where to get off. Also, make sure to bring extra clothes even in the summer season.

14. White Christmas in Moscow

Visit Moscow and bring all your thick but light-weight clothes and experience Moscow’s white winter. The average weather in December is around -10 to 0 degrees Celsius with an average of 17-30 days of snowfall. Witness snowfall on the Red Square which transforms into a Christmas market and the biggest ice skating rink in December. Celebrate with Muscovites during the Russian Winter Festival and watch live performances, eat street foods, and play games from mid-December to mid-January in Manezh Square.

Moscow winter tour Russia

15. Explore the Medieval towns of Golden Ring

There is always more to see beyond the capital city of a country. And in Russia’s case, outside Moscow is the ancient region called the Golden Ring . The region’s name is derived from the golden onion-shaped domes of the churches around the towns and from the ring-like route in which 1967 art historian and journalist Yuri Bychkov travelled.

Golden Ring tour Russia

The Golden Ring is comprised of eight main cities:

  • Yaroslavl is where the Transfiguration Monastery (now a museum) and Ioann Vasiliyevich — a Soviet-themed hotel and restaurant.
  • Vladimir boasts its Golden Gate and the Cathedral of the Dormition of the Mother of God.
  • Suzdal is a thirty-minute drive from Vladimir, it has five monasteries, thirty churches, and a market square (Torgovaya Ploshchad) where you can local berries and honey.
  • Sergiev Posad is known to be the location of the Trinity Lavra of St Sergius — one of the largest monasteries in the world.
  • Pereselavl-Zalessky is where you can enjoy windsurfing and ride hot air balloons.
  • Rostov Velikiy or Rostov the Great is boasting its colourful churches and unchanged kremlin architecture.
  • Ivanovo is known for its huge textile industry, it is also known as the city of brides since there more women than men in the area.
  • Kostroma is where the town of Bui — a town of cultural heritage, and Trinity-Ipatiev Monastery can be explored.

Visit Moscow and experience and see in the Golden Ring afterwards. We have carefully crafted  tours  for every traveller like you.

Just as a cherry on top, here is an awesome video clip of this magnificent city, Moscow:

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95 best private schools in Moscow for foreign students. Description, rankings, 2024 fees

Education information, moscow private schools: prestigious education for international students, features of studying in moscow private schools for foreign students.

Wunderpark International School

Alternative destinations

Today, Moscow is one of the most popular destination for educational tourism. SMAPSE offers you more than 70 best private schools where international students can get advanced and balanced education. Moscow schools provide a wide range of courses, you can choose from intensive language courses to special studying programs for teachers. Private schools in Moscow is the best choice for those who wish to combine effective studies with exciting experience of studying in Russia. Qualified native-speakers as teachers, various entertainment facilities and interesting culture - everything will make your studying abroad unforgettable.

Please, don't hesitate to contact SMAPSE experts at any time as they are always ready to help you and answer all questions.

The best private schools in Moscow offer high-quality programs for children from all over the world at all levels of secondary education. The school system in Russia has a number of advantages, as universality and inclusiveness. Students study a whole range of disciplines, that contributes to comprehensive development and wide erudition. Moscow is a huge metropolis, the largest city in Europe and one of the largest in the world.

Today, the need for private institutions is very high, and in recent years the situation has undergone significant changes - new institutions and departments of international schools are constantly opening. More and more children and adults from all over the world come to Moscow to receive a prestigious education. Along with the increase in the number of private schools and general development of education in the country, the number of foreign students is growing annually.

Prices and tuition fees are quite different - you can choose the right option for any request. The school year follows the generally accepted calendar in Russia: it begins in September and lasts until May-June with a long break for the New Year holidays and shorter autumn and spring holidays. Levels of education include elementary, middle and high school, and gradually International Baccalaureate is spreading more and more. The teaching staff of private schools is formed from among Russian and foreign specialists who have a high level of qualification and rich experience, regularly win various competitions. Academic classes, as a rule, are supplemented by active sports and creativity - the studying system involves the comprehensive development of students. Confident, responsible and purposeful young people who can change the world for the better come out of the walls of private schools. Moscow gives children great impressions and great opportunities for pastime and leisure: a huge number of monuments and attractions are concentrated here.

Advantages and disadvantages of English schools

Top 35 best schools in the usa - 2024 smapse rankings, top 14 best schools in switzerland 2024, top 12 best schools in canada 2024, best boarding schools in england - 2024 smapse rankings.

Egor Eremeev

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  1. School-Nurse-to-Student Ratios

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  2. Classroom Staffing and Ratios

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  3. Back to School Ratios & Rates Activity by Kelly McCown

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  4. Ratios for regular check-up visits

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  5. School-Nurse-to-Student Ratios

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  6. School Enrollment and Student/Teacher Ratios

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VIDEO

  1. Define Ratio #shorts

  2. Lesson 9-3 Part 1: Trigonometry Ratios

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  6. EQUIVALENT RATIOS

COMMENTS

  1. Staffing ratios for trips and visits

    Determine ratios based on your risk assessment. Specific staff ratios for school trips and visits aren't prescribed in law. Instead, you need to carry out an appropriate risk assessment for the trip, and determine your staffing needs based on that. See our examples of school trip risk assessments for more support. This includes trips overseas.

  2. Staff-student ratios: effective supervision for educational visits

    The concept of ratios has evolved, recognising the need for flexibility, individual risk assessment and other factors. Adequate supervision remains a critical factor in keeping educational visits safe and enjoyable, but a number alone does not keep children safe.

  3. Staff to pupil ratio law

    The specific educational objective (s); and. The outcome of a risk assessment. "Pupil to staff ratios for school trips are not prescribed in law. Those planning trips, on the basis of risk assessment, should decide the ratios, taking into account the activity to be undertaken and the age and maturity of the pupils." HSE.

  4. School Nurse Workload: Staffing for Safe Care

    Since 1902, school nurses have contributed to individual and population health, in ever-expanding ways (Rogers, 1903/2014). Laws implemented in the 1970s established the rights for all students, even those with significant health needs, to attend public school, and led to recommendations for school nurse-to-student ratios.

  5. Answers to your most asked questions about school trips

    1. What is the ratio of staff to students? This is by far the most common question we get (e.g "we are taking 30 Year 6's to the museum on a train, is two staff sufficient?"). It is not a simple yes or no. On all visits, there must be an effective level of supervision that has been approved by the EVC and head, and where applicable, in ...

  6. Quick guide: Health and safety

    The overall responsibility for health and safety rests with your employer. They have responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 to take steps to ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employees at work. Who the employer is will vary depending on the type of school. In maintained schools, the employer is the local ...

  7. PDF The Kent Framework for Safe Practice on Educational Visits and Outdoor

    Visit or Activity, and/or supervision of Participants. Ratios - The appropriate ratio of staff to pupils for a Visit is determined by the Risk Assessment. Technical Expert - In the context of licensable adventure activities, this person is a highly qualified and experienced specialist who is responsible for providing specialist advice to

  8. Recommended adult to child ratios for working with children

    The National Education Union (NEU) provides guidance on class sizes and advises schools to consider children's emotional, behavioural and special needs when determining staff to child ratios (NEU, 2019). Schools also need to carry out a risk assessment to determine appropriate adult to child ratios at breaks and lunchtimes.

  9. School trips: risk assessments

    The DfE's guidance on health and safety on educational visits explains that you only need to carry out a specific risk assessment for trips that pose a higher level of risk. This is because the risks won't be covered by your generic policies and procedures. Whereas lower-risk trips are those that only include everyday risks (for example, slips ...

  10. Staffing ratios

    Staffing ratios for trips and visits. Understand how to decide staffing ratios for school trips based on a risk assessment. Find out what you need to consider, including extra needs you must meet for pupils in the EYFS. ... Staffing ratios: special schools. Read the requirements around staffing ratios in special schools. Check out class sizes ...

  11. Seasonal Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Mental and

    ED visit ratios and 95% CIs were used to measure relative change in the proportion of visits. Visit ratio was defined as the proportion of all ED visits for a selected mental and behavioral health condition during the school semester (fall or spring) divided by the proportion of ED visits for that condition during the immediately preceding ...

  12. Supervision: Ratios and Group Sizes

    No more than 12 preschoolers in a group or class. Preschoolers: 4-5 years old. 1 adult should care for no more than 8 preschoolers. No more than 12 preschoolers in a group or class. School-age children: 6-8 years old. 1 adult should care for no more than 10 school-age children.

  13. Health and safety on educational visits

    Routine visits. These involve no more than an everyday level of risk, such as for slips and trips, and are covered by a school's current policies and procedures. They only need a little extra ...

  14. Plan a school visit

    Visit an exhibition. We provide free exhibition entry to school groups on three mornings during the exhibition run. Entry is every 30 mins beginning at 10.00, with last entry at 12.30. Tickets can be booked by emailing [email protected]. Teachers' notes are available to help you make the most of your visit.

  15. Checklist: What to look for on a grade school visit

    The student-teacher ratio is reasonable. I know and agree with the school's policy on handling behavior problems. The school actively works to prevent and deal with bullying. The school is safe and clean. Very few students are expelled or suspended; violence is rare. The school has a good policy for dealing with sick children.

  16. PDF Educational Visits and Journeys EDUCATIONAL VISITS AND JOURNEYS

    Educational Visits:- Appendices School Visits and Journeys: Guidance to Schools 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for Visits 2. ACCOUNTABILITY STRUCTURE 2.1 Legal framework 2.2 Levels of responsibility 2.3 Approvals procedure 3. PLANNING VISITS 3.1 Aims 3.2 Supervision 3.3 Insurance 3.4 Transport and Travelling 3.5 Finance

  17. Educational visits policy: model and examples

    Download our model policy. Our model policy is approved by Forbes Solicitors, and has instructions for you to adapt and make it your own. Model policy: educational visits DOC, 313.5 KB. Download. It includes: A proposed visit planning information template for staff to use when seeking approval for educational visits. A risk assessment template.

  18. PDF EDUCATIONAL VISITS POLICY

    3.3 For visits abroad paragraph 207 on page 37 specifies: 207. Staffing ratios for visits abroad are difficult to prescribe as they will vary according to the activity, the pupils' age and sex, the location, and the efficient use of resources. A minimum ratio of 1 adult to 10 pupils is a general rule of

  19. U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Moscow city, Idaho

    High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2018-2022 ... For more information, please visit the 2022 5-year ACS Comparison Guidance page. Fact Notes (a) Includes ... or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest or upper interval of an open ended distribution. F ...

  20. Ratios For School Trips?

    an anenome. Posted March 17, 2010. I agree with lorna, there is no legal national requirement, but its worth checking if there is a local guidance. In my old LA we had guidance sent out to us from time to time and our ratios were expected to be 4:1 for nursery age (in a school) and 5:1 for reception.

  21. Travel Itinerary For One Week in Moscow

    Day 6 - Explore the Golden Ring. Creating the Moscow itinerary may keep you busy for days with the seemingly endless amount of things to do. Visiting the so-called Golden Ring is like stepping back in time. Golden Ring is a "theme route" devised by promotion-minded journalist and writer Yuri Bychkov.

  22. 15 Amazing Reasons to Visit Moscow

    There is an infinite number of reasons to visit Moscow and its attractions. To make it easier for travellers, we created a list of the crowd's top fifteen reasons and attractions everyone should visit when in Moscow. Toggle. 1. Indulge in countless historical and modern artworks. 2. Step onto the mighty Red Square. 3.

  23. Top 95 private schools in Moscow for foreign students: apply ...

    🇪🇺🇺🇸🇬🇧 95 best private schools Moscow for international student. School and university league tables. Guidance and assistance with enrolment to private schools. Entry requirements, 2024 fees, reviews, rankings. Official representatives. Discounts available on the official prices for talented students.