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Nazca Lines – Mysterious Markings In Peru’s Red Desert

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The Nazca Lines are the biggest collection of geoglyphs in the world. These etchings in Peru’s Nazca desert take the form of lines, plants, animals, and mythical beings. These were created by people who were around long before the Incas.

The Nazca lines remain one of Peru’s greatest mysteries. Over the years, an assortment of theories has arisen to explain their existence. Scientists still remain puzzled by the exact purpose of the Nazca lines.

If you are visiting Southern Peru, you too can marvel at these ancient designs in the sand.

In this article, I will tell you how to visit the Nazca Lines. I’ll also help you decipher fact from fiction in the history of these gigantic impressions.

visit nazca lines

Visit the Nazca Lines

Take a 35-minute flight with our tour partner to get a magnificent bird's eye view of the Nazca lines.

Nazca Lines Peru

Where are the nazca lines.

The Nazca Lines are located about 400 kilometres / 250 miles south of Lima. The shapes are located in an almost 75,000-ha area of the Nazca desert.

This part of the plateau is known as Pampas de Jumana and located between the towns of Nazca and Palpa. The most famous shapes of the Nazca lines are just south of San Miguel.

Nazca lines

The hummingbird

What Are The Nazca Lines?

There are many theories about what the purpose of the Nazca Lines was.

For a long time, the accepted idea was that the markings are astrological markers. The designs show where the sun, moon, and some stars rise and set on important days. For example, when the Summer Solstice and Winter Equinox occurs.

Other researchers proposed that the patterns represent star constellations or counter-constellations. Counter constellations are the dark patches between stars. This has been disproved by more conclusive research over time.

In 1985, an archeologist named Johan Reinhard published a new paper on the matter. He proposed that the lines were markers for rituals and worship locations. The lines were likely used to conduct ceremonies for summoning water. This idea has been backed up by the fact that many animal figures are linked to rain or crop fertility in ancient Peruvian culture.

There is no real way to prove or disprove this theory. In the future, we might draw other conclusions based on new discoveries made on the Nazca lines.

You may also like:

  • Inca Trail ruins
  • Lake Titicaca underwater ruins
  • Chachapoya ruins

Looking for a short tour? Here are my 3 favourite tours of the Nazca Lines: 

  • Nazca Lines History Tour (incl. Lima, Ballestas Islands and Huacachina Oasis)
  • Private Nazca and Huacachina Tour (incl. lunch)
  • Ballestas and Nazca Tour (incl. meals)

See more Nazca day trips .

How To See The Nazca Lines

The best way to see the Nazca Lines is from above in a small aircraft. This is especially true for the larger shapes which you won't be able to make out from ground level.

Where To Book Nazca Lines Flights

There are several airports located in towns near Lima that sell Nazca flights. Flights from the town of Nazca are the cheapest by far. You can expect to pay between $80-$100 for a 30–40-minute flight.

Pisco airport is a small airport in the beach town of Paracas, located roughly 400 kilometres / 250 miles by road from Lima. Pisco airport almost exclusively offers flights over the Nazca lines. These flights are longer (1 hour and 40 minutes) and more expensive (from $250).

Nazca Lines flights depart daily from both airports in Pisco and Nazca.

What To Expect On A Nazca Lines Flight

You should arrive at the airport at least 30 minutes before the flight to see the Nazca lines. Small planes take 10-12 people, and everyone gets a window seat so they can see clearly over the landscape. If you are tall, your legs will probably be a bit cramped on these smaller aircrafts.

Over the Nazca desert, conditions are quite gusty. In a small plane, you will feel every move and jolt. If you have never flown in a similar craft, prepare for some stunt moves. The pilots dive and bank so that passengers have a better view of the lines. It’s worth taking motion sickness pills along (and noting where the bags are stored!).

The pilots are good at making sure everyone sees all of the lines. They usually give a heads-up on when and where to point your camera. Flights last about 30- 75 minutes.

When Is The Best Time To Fly The Nazca Lines?

I recommend that you take a morning flight. This is when the sun is not directly overhead, and shadows make the lines clearer. You will be able to clearly see the different animals and patterns at this early light.

Also, earlier in the day, there is usually less wind. This makes for smoother, more enjoyable flying conditions.

Can I see the Nazca Lines from the Ground?

Even without a flight, the designs and patterns of the Nazca lines can be seen from high vantage points. You just need to get up into the surrounding hillsides.

There are also observation towers set up near Nazca. The most popular of these viewing towers is called the Pan American Road Mirador. From this observation tower, you can see the tree, hands, and some of the lizard formations. From Nazca, you can take a bus to the tower for 10 soles. You will pay another 3 soles to climb up to the platform.

Once you have spent some time at the viewpoint, take a short walk (about 1 km / 0.6 miles) back towards town. There is a small hill where you can walk up for free. From the top, you will have a 360° view of the Nazca lines in all directions.

When you are ready, you can wait on the roadside for a bus. Make sure you are standing on the correct side of the road. If you wave them down, a 9/10 bus will stop for you. The fare is only a few soles.

Please Note: There is zero shade around the hill and only a small roof over the viewpoint. Take plenty of water, wear a hat, and lather on the sunblock.

Nazca Lines History

Below is a brief and fascinating history of the Nazca lines. 

Who made the Nazca Lines?

Almost 2000 years before the Incan Empire, ancient people living in the Nazca desert etched these giant images into the sand. The Nazca lines were created in two different phases:

The Nazca Phase 200 (BC-500 AD)

It is believed that the Nazca people are responsible for creating most of the lines.

The Paracas Phase (400-200 BC)

A few of the geoglyphs pre-date even the Nazca culture. These are attributed to the Paracas people. Most Paracas remains are found in the nearby regions of Pisco, Ica, and Chincha.

Scientists confirmed the age of these lines using advanced carbon dating technology. They also examined stakes that had been left in the lines. These stakes were used for marking out the designs.

Where to stay? Here are 5 of my favourite accommodation options in and around Nazca: 

  • DM Hoteles Nasca
  • Hotel Sol del Sur
  • Casa Andina Standard Nasca
  • Casa Hacienda Nasca Oasis
  • Hotel Alegria Nasca

See more Nasca accommodation options .

How Were The Nazca Lines Made?

The desert is covered in stones and sand coated with iron oxide. This gives the surface a deep red color. The lines were made by scraping depressions in the desert surface. Stones were also removed to expose the light grey soil below. The lines of pale earth stand out from the darker surface.

The lines were marked out with stakes and then dug with basic tools. Most of the Nazca lines are 10-15 cm (4-6 inches) deep. On average, these etchings are 30-33cm (11-13 inches) wide. However, in some of the patterns, the lines are almost 2m (6.5 ft) wide.

Who Discovered the Nazca Lines?

The Nazca lines were first mentioned in literature in 1553. A Spanish author named Pedro Cieza de Leon noted the lines in his book ‘Cronicas del Peru’ (Chronicles of Peru). He described the lines as trail markers.

In the 20th century, commercial and military pilots saw the lines on flights over the area. Before the invention of airplanes, it was impossible to make out the shape of the designs from ground level.

In 1940, Paul Kosk, an American historian, became the first person to actually study the Nazca Lines. Together with other academics, he suggested that the lines were astrological markers.

nazca-lines-spider

Nazca Lines Facts

How many nazca lines are there.

By 2020, more than 1200 Nazca Lines had been identified. This includes around 800 straight lines, 300 geometric forms, and almost 70 figures of animals and plants.

The following are some of the most famous Nazca Lines shapes:

  • Hummingbird (93m / 104ft)
  • Condor (134m / 440ft)
  • Monkey (93m / 305ft by 58m / 190ft)
  • Spider (47m / 104ft)

A Nazca Lines Cat was discovered in 2020. This figure is on a steeper slope and has undergone some erosion. It is not as clear as the other figures.

There is also a whale, cactus, duck, lizard, and llama amongst others. Researchers believe there are a lot more Nazca Lines to be found.

astronaut-fisherman

The Astronaut

Nazca Lines Astronaut

Humanoid forms are surprisingly rare amongst the Nazca designs. One famous human figure is the Nazca Lines Astronaut. People who first saw this design thought it resembled a man in a spacesuit. Of course, this triggered some wild theories about aliens in Peru!

In reality, it is much more likely that the ‘Astronaut’ of Nazca Lines is a fisherman. Recent interpretations show him holding a fish and a net.

How Big Are The Nazca Lines?

The Nazca lines cover an area of 50 square kilometres (about 31 square miles). If you added them all together, the lines would have a total length of 1,300km / 800 miles. The biggest shapes are about 370m / 1,214 ft in length.

Where to stay? Here are 5 of my favourite accommodation options in and around Nasca: 

How Are The Nazca Lines Preserved?

Nazca lines were preserved thanks to natural conditions. The desert climate in the Nazca desert is very stable. There is less than an inch of rain each year. On the surface, there is also almost no wind.

Because of this, there has been very little soil movement over the years. This is why we can still see the shapes today. If for some reason, the area experiences weather changes, the lines could easily be washed away.

The Nazca Lines were declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1994. This at least gives the area some form of legal protection from human damage.

Were The Nazca Lines Made By Aliens?

Over the years, there has been a lot of debate on the origins of the lines. The mythical-looking shapes have also inspired some theories of aliens.

visit nazca lines

Erik von Daniken, a Swiss writer, was particularly obsessed with the idea that aliens (ancient astronauts) created the Nazca lines. He believed these lines were created by aliens as markers to land their UFOs.

If you want to hear more of Daniken's out-there theories, you can read his book No products found. .

Today, we know it was entirely possible for ancient people to create these patterns. They were able to etch out these gigantic forms using tools and methods available at the time. No need for extraterrestrial assistance.

Vulnerability Of Nazca Lines - GreenPeace and Other Damages

Even though they have existed for so long, the lines are superficial. Human impact can easily damage the geoglyphs. The lines have already been damaged on several occasions over the years:

Squatters illegally occupied the area. Domestic pigs roamed around, treading on and impacting some of the lines.

2012 and 2013

4x4 vehicles damaged some of the Nazca lines. This was during a Dakar rally held outside the bounds of the declared Heritage site.

Greenpeace activists damaged the area close to the Nazca lines hummingbird. Protestors set up a banner as part of a publicity stunt aimed at the UN Climate talks in Lima. Instead of making a statement, they left marks and footprints around the sacred markings. Needless to say, the Peruvian government was unimpressed. One activist was fined. Greenpeace also issued a public apology to the people of Peru.

A truck left tire marks across three of the main images when he made an illegal U-turn. He was arrested and then released as there was no proof of intentional vandalism.

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Alison Macallister

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With a degree in Nature Conservation and experience working with wildlife including the Big 5, Alison works as a guide for a 5-star reserve. She enjoys sharing her passion for all things nature-related. She enjoys hiking, horseriding, 4x4 driving and kayaking.

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Nazca Lines Peru Guide: Tours, Hiking, Maps, Buildings, Facts, and History

by Miguel Angel Gongora Meza | Feb 25, 2023 | 0 comments

Nazca lines

, The Nasca Lines are a set of giant geoglyphs located in the Peruvian coastal plain, about 400 kilometers south of Lima (the Capital of Peru).

Created by the ancient Nasca culture and depicting plants, animals, and various shapes, the 2,000-year-old Nasca Lines can only be fully appreciated from the air due to their enormous size.

Despite having been studied for more than 80 years, the geoglyphs, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994 , are still considered a mystery by researchers.

  There are a few theories about the origin of the Nazca Lines ; among the main ones, for instance, Maria Reiche was convinced that the lines represented a vast astronomical calendar used to mark the places where the sun and other celestial bodies rose and set on the horizon. 

Also, the British explorer Tony Morrison found evidence of the existence of small shrines that appeared to be connected by the Nazca lines.

Others have considered that the lines served as ritual centers to help the dead attain immortality or to perform religious ceremonies and rites.

  Moreover, scholars believe that it was a Map of water sources and a form of worship of the water-providing deities: It has been proposed that the lines and shapes served as a map of subway water sources for those who needed supplies in the desert.

Archaeologist John Reinhard also suggested that the figures symbolized the worship of the water-providing deities.

The offer of tours to visit the Nazca Lines is extensive. You have a great variety of options to choose from, such as overflights to the Nazca Lines, the combination of flight + Buggies and Sandboard, and the flight plus a visit to the Cantalloc Aqueducts.

  The desert climate in the Nasca area means there are no winters with shallow temperatures. Although the lines can be visited throughout the year, the ideal time to do it is between December and March because the winds and turbulences are minimal in that season.

Also, during this time of the year, the summer is warmer, allowing light and comfortable clothing to be used.

The geography of the province of Nasca is characterized by valleys and rivers (Ingenio – Changuillo, Aja, Socos, Tierras Blancas, Taruga, Trancas, and Poroma rivers), all tributaries of the Grande river basin.

There are immense pampas and hills typical of the coastal desert. To the province’s east, you can appreciate gorges that give beginning to the first Andean foothills.

The place where the Nasca culture developed is a tablazo, a tectonic uplift, which in the case of the tablazo of Ica flows into the sea in the form of a low cliff.

The climate is warm, rainfall is scarce, and the terrain is arid, with sandy pampas and quite porous, with numerous subway filtrations that change the course of the rivers, which on many occasions emerge several kilometers away, constituting oases.

Every year, more than one hundred thousand people visit the Nazca Lines. The lines are essential for the province of Nasca, as they generate employment and a great deal of fluidity in the local economy.

To date, more than 1,500 geoglyphs are known in the Nasca lines.

The geometric lines and figures extend over 400 square kilometers in southern Peru; In some cases the figures are up to 1.9 kilometers long, and the lines are up to 10 kilometers.

What is the history of the Nazca Lines?

The Nazca Lines are a group of geoglyphs made in the Nasca desert in southern Peru. They were created between 500 BC and 500 AD by members of the Nasca civilization.

There are two main phases of the Nazca lines: the Paracas phase, from 400 to 200 BC, and the Nasca phase, from 200 BC to 500 AD. As of this year, 2022 even 168 new figures have been found with drones, and archaeologists believe there are more to be found.

Most lines cross the landscape in a straight line, but there are also symbolic designs of animals and plants. The combined length of all lines exceeds 1,300 km.

The lines are usually between 10 and 15 cm deep. They were made by removing the top layer of reddish-brown iron oxide-coated pebbles to reveal a yellowish-gray subsoil. 

When the sub-layer of this gravel is removed, the light-colored clayey soil exposed at the bottom of the trench contrasts sharply in color and tone with the surrounding ground surface, producing visible lines.

This sublayer contains large amounts of lime. With the moisture of the morning fog, it hardens to form a protective layer that shields the lines from the winds, thus preventing erosion.

The Nasca used this technique to “draw” several hundred simple but enormous curvilinear figures of animals and humans.

The earthwork project is vast and complex: the area covered by all the lines is almost 450 km2, and the most prominent animal figures alone can span nearly 370 m.

For instance, the hummingbird is 93 m long, the condor is 134 m, the monkey is 93 m by 58 m, and the spider is 47 m.

The total area of the lines is almost 450 km2, and the giant figures can cover nearly 370 meters.

The Nasca region’s dry, windless, constant climate has preserved the lines well. This desert is one of the driest on Earth and maintains a temperature near 25 °C (77 °F) throughout the year.

The lack of wind has helped keep the lines exposed and visible.

Some of the Nasca lines form figures best seen from the air (at about 500 m), although they are also visible from the surrounding foothills and other high places.

A continuous line usually forms the figures. Due to their isolation and the plateau’s dry, stable, windless climate, the lines have been mostly naturally preserved. 

On rare occasions, weather changes may temporarily alter the overall designs. As of 2012, the lines are said to have been deteriorating due to the influx of squatters inhabiting the land.

The figures vary in complexity. Hundreds are simple lines and geometric shapes; more than 70 are zoomorphic designs, such as a hummingbird, spider, fish, condor, heron, monkey, lizard, dog, cat, and human.

Other shapes include trees and flowers.

 Scholars differ in their interpretation of the purpose of the designs but generally attribute religious significance to them. They were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994.

Several pivotal figures have delved into the mystery of the Nazca Lines since the arrival of the spaniards to the Inca Empire to date.

These include the 16th-century Spanish explorer Pedro Cieza de León who was one of the first ones to have recorded its existence.

More recently  the Peruvian scholar Toribio Mejía Xesspe, and the Americans Paul Kosok and John Reinhard (the latter esteemed within National Geographic) did extensive work in the area.

Also, German researcher Maria Reiche who dedicated her entire life to uncover its mysteries, and Japanese scholar Masato Sakai.

We recommend the following books If you wish to learn more about the Nazca Lines, w: 

  • Contributions to geometry and astronomy in ancient Peru. REICHE, María. Editorial Epígrafe. 1993, 
  • Nasca Lines. Of the men who drew the desert. HERRAN, Eduardo. Editorial Faculty of Communication Sciences, Tourism, and Psychology of the USMP. 2016.
  • The Nazca Lines. A new approach to their origin and meaning. REINHARD, Johan. Editorial Los Pinos. 1997.

The lines and geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana in Palpa are considered extraordinary examples of the astronomical and religious expression of the pre-Hispanic societies that flourished on the southern coast of Peru.

Thanks to their exceptional surface design, they bear witness to a culture whose tradition, beliefs, and thinking developed independently in South America.

The site was transformed into a highly symbolic, ritual, social and cultural landscape that remains visible today.

The Nazca Lines were declared Historical and Cultural Heritage on December 17, 1994.

The Nazca lines are considered the most outstanding group of geoglyphs in the world and are incomparable in extension, magnitude, quantity, size and diversity with any other similar work in the world.

What are the theories about the origin of the Nazca Lines?

Recent investigations led notably by archaeologist Johan Reinhard, sheds new light on the Nazca Lines’ potential significance.

He argues a different purpose for the Nazca Lines, suggesting a connection to water—a vital asset in the arid Peruvian coastal region.

Contrary to being an irrigation system or a guide for finding water sources, these geoglyphs are thought to have served as part of a ritual aimed at invoking much-needed rain from the gods.

Other scholas such as Maria Reiche, a pioneering Nasca researcher, proposed an idea that the lines constituted a vast astronomical calendar, marking the positions where the sun and celestial bodies rose and set on the horizon.

Maria Reiche dedicated her almost her entire life to the understanding of the Nasca lines and her contributions are inmesurable.

Another theory suggests a religious significance, positing that the lines were crafted to honor the gods. Given the Nasca civilization’s strong religious practices, this dedication to the project aligns with their spiritual beliefs.

British explorer Tony Morrison uncovered small shrines seemingly linked by the Nazca lines. Some speculate that these lines could have functioned as ceremonial sites, aiding in rituals for the departed or religious ceremonies, potentially linked to the pursuit of immortality.

What are the myths about Nazca Lines?

The myths surrounding the Nazca lines encompass extraterrestrial connections and ancient astronaut theories.

These beliefs intertwine with stories of teachers arriving from the sky, depicted within the lines, resembling “flying gods” in Nasca legends from the 16th-century Spanish conquest of Peru.

According to some Nasca myths, these celestial beings possessed elongated skulls, contributing to the prevalent belief that these enigmatic lines were constructed by extraterrestrial visitors.

Swiss writer Erich von Daniken ardently supported the notion of ancient astronauts and extraterrestrial involvement. His 1968 publication, “Chariots of the Gods,” postulated that these mysterious shapes and lines were crafted by ancient beings as navigational aids and landing strips for their spacecraft.

Von Daniken’s assertions suggested that the Nazca lines substantiated the visits of extraterrestrial astronauts, shaping ancient civilizations.

He proposed that the Native Americans, viewing Nasca as a sacred site, continued to create additional figures and tracks, hoping to entice the gods’ return, although they never did.

How were the Nazca Lines formed?

The Nasca Lines, made between 500 BC and 500 AD, were crafted by gently removing dark rocks, revealing lighter ground underneath, forming these famous shapes in the desert soil.  

Ancient indigenous Nazca workers used ropes and stakes to make straight lines and marked edges for larger shapes like trapezoids.

They removed stones and arranged them along the borders, creating spirals by moving in circles, gradually widening the lines.

People used simple tools, not high-tech equipment, to form these stunning designs. It was a team effort that brought the community together and showcased their organized workmanship.

Are the Nazca Lines Important for Peru’s History?

Indeed, the Nazca lines hold immense significance in both Peruvian and global history. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, these intricate lines stand as an iconic symbol, deeply embedded within Peru’s rich historical and cultural narrative.

They represent a profound archaeological marvel, marking a pinnacle of the ancient Nazca civilization that thrived in the southern hemisphere between 500 BC and 500 AD.

These lines serve as a remarkable testament to the mind-blowing heritage of the pre-Hispanic Nazca people, offering invaluable insights into their millennia-old legacy.

Is it safe to visit the Nazca Lines?

Nazca and Ica, where the Nazca Lines are located, are super safe places, just like other spots in Peru. Remember, it’s always good to be a bit cautious when traveling, but visiting these lines is totally cool and safe! Visiting the Nazca lines is super safe!

Also, when it comes to flying over these mysteries lines, since 2010, only a few top-checked airplane companies operate tours in the area, making the chance of anything going wrong super, super low.

There are towers and ground trips to see the lines from below, if flying’s not your thing. It’s cool, but flying over them gives the best views! Just make sure to take this awesome chance to see these ancient drawings from way up high.

Where are the Nasca Lines Located?

The Nazca lines sit in Peru, about 450 kilometers away from Lima, close to the Pacific Ocean. They stretch across the Ingenio, Nasca, Palpa, and Socos plains. The land in these plains looks reddish during the day and turns violet at night, like a big stage surrounded by hills. The lines can be seen from above using high towers or flying over them.

What are the coordinates of the Nazca Lines?

The coordinates of the Nasca Lines are as follows:

Latitude: -14° 42′ 59.99″ S

Longitude: -75° 07′ 60.00″ W

What are the Tours for Nazca Lines?

When it comes the value of tours around Nazca; the cost of 30-minuted ride overflying the lines cost about $150 to $350, and the big ones cost   $150 to $250 per person while longer flights cost more depending of the starting point.

For those who don’t want to fly, then there are also towers where you can see the figures up close. The highest tower cost about $3-5 and lets you see some of the most impressive figures like a condor, monkey, and spider. One of the lower towers cost about $2-3 and gives you a chance to see the astronaut and lizard.

People can also visit museums to learn more about the lines. The site museum costs around $6-8 and features abundant information about Maria Reiche, the most famous Nazca researcher.

There’s a bike tour that costs around $50-100, If you like biking, or you can take a private car tour that starts at $150 and shows you the different spots related to the lines.

  What is the best season for visiting Nazca Lines?

The best season to visit the Nazca Lines is betwen December and March, Peru’s summer, offers the best weather with low moisture and warm temperatures along the Peruvian coast.

However, it’s the opposite of Machu Picchu’s weather that is mainly rainy and overcast. Nevertheless, this season makes it an ideal time to explore both places, combining your travel for a fulfilling experience in Peru.

What are the Hiking Routes for Nasca Lines?

There are three main hiking and walking routes around the Nazca Lines site, namely : the Nasca City Walk and Archaeological Sites (17.9 km round-trip route), The Cahuachi – Tambo de Perro – Nasca Dunes (37.0 km circular route), and The Panoramic Route: Nasca – María Reiche Tower (49.6 km round-trip route).

The first trail is an easy one, taking 4 hours to cover with a positive vertical drop of 249 m, allowing visitors to tour some archaeological sites near the city, like Cantayoc aqueducts, Los Paredones, as well as close to some of the Nazca lines, before ending at the airport where they can fly over Nazca Lines.

The second trail is considered challenging, taking 9 ½ hours with a 788m positive vertical drop, which starts in the town of Cahuachi and goes through windy terrain perfect for Buggy cars.

The third Trail takes 11 ½ hours covering 49 KM distance, offering 453m Positive Vertical Drop.

What are the Closest Destinations to Nasca Lines?

Paracas National Reserve is the nearest point of interest to the Nazca Lines. The Paracas National Reserve is a protected area located in the province of Pisco, in the department of Ica which was declared as such on September 25, 1975.

Paracas reserve was created to conserve a portion of the sea and the desert, protecting the diverse species of wild flora and fauna inhabiting Las Ballestas islands. Paracas reserve is located 215 kilometers from Nasca.

In April 1992, it was recognized as one of the sites of unique character for the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (RAMSAR Convention), especially as a habitat for aquatic species such as the sea lion, Humboldt penguins (which are in danger of extinction), guano birds such as the booby, the guanay, the pelican and other vital species.

Huacachina Lagoon is a large oasis located five kilometers west of Ica and 146 kilometers from Nasca, in the middle of the coastal desert. Green waters, it arose due to the upwelling of subway currents.

Around it is abundant vegetation composed of palm trees, eucalyptus (introduced species), and the carob tree known as Huarango, which serves as a resting place for the flying birds that pass through this region.

All this contributes to making Huacachina one of the most beautiful places on the Peruvian coast. Pampa Galeras Barbara D’Achille National Reserve is located in the province of Lucanas, in the department of Ayacucho, 77 km from the city of Nasca. 

It covers an area of 6,500 hectares; however, its area of influence is estimated to be close to 60,000 hectares and includes several rural communities. Its main objective is to conserve the vicuña to allow its sustainable use with benefits reverted to the high Andean inhabitants.

Cerro Blanco is considered the highest dune in the world and a favorite for sandboarding and paragliding. The dune reaches 2,078 meters above sea level and 1,176 meters from the base to the summit. Cerro Blanco is located 14 kilometers from Nazca, east of the Nasca Valley.

Sacaco is located 100 km south of the city of Nasca, in the district of Bella Union, in Arequipa. Sacco is a rich deposit of fossil remains, especially whales and sharks of the tertiary era.

There is a small on-site museum, a branch of the Natural History Museum of the Universidad Mayor de San Marcos. 

How to Get from Cusco to Nasca Lines?

Traveling from Cusco to the Nazca Lines is mainly done by bus via Puquio or Arequipa.

Nazca sits halfway between Lima and Arequipa, making it accessible by road. While Nazca has an airport, it’s used mainly for tourist flights over the lines, so most travel happens by road from Lima or Arequipa.

There are bus services from nearby places like Ica or Paracas, providing convenient options.

Keep in mind, the overland journey might take time,If you’re coming from Cusco, as there are limited daily departures. Consider overnight buses or explore the scenic route through Arequipa for a different adventure.

What to know before going to the Nasca Lines?

Opt for morning flights between 7-10 am for clearer views and smoother rides, thanks to calmer winds. This time frame offers the most breathtaking experience.

Don’t forget to pack water, a hat, sunscreen, and sunglasses to beat the scorching sun.

While days are usually hot, nights get cooler, especially in July (the coldest) and February (the hottest).

For the perfect experience, choose a reputable tour company or plan your independent trip wisely.

Flight prices vary, but expect around 35 minutes at roughly USD 100, making those early morning flights an absolute treat

When are the Nasca Lines Open?

The Nasca Lines are accessible for flights starting at 6:00 am. For ground exploration, reach there by 8:00 am. The airfield shuts at 5:00 pm, but the lookout point stays open till 5:30 pm.

How is the Nasca Lines Itinerary?

There are three options for the best itineraries to explore Nazca.

First, consider a trip from Lima with Cruz del Sur Buses for those looking to explore the incredible Nasca Lines. The journey takes 7.5 and 8.5 hours along Peru’s Panamerican Highway South, which passes through historic Pisco and Paracas Reserve before arriving in Nasca. Private transfer is also available for time-conscious travelers willing to pay extra for speedier journeys.

Second, You can spend your night in the city of Nasca and get up early to experience a truly spectacular view. Take an aerial tour on one of many available airlines that offer flights over the ancient Nasca Lines, soaring through 30-40 minutes for sweeping views at lookouts over desert terrain with famous figures like the hummingbird, lizard spider, and monkey spread out before you. 

Third, Alternatively, take a bus north along Panamerican Highway South from town – it’s fast and cheap but won’t afford as fantastic sightseeing opportunities, so if possible, fly instead!

For the smoothest flight, take off in the a.m., when turbulence is at its lowest levels- but be sure to book with trusted airlines and budget for surcharges on top of your ticket price; look out for AeroNasca, AeroParacas, or Movil Air as great options!

What is the best vehicle for visiting Nasca Lines?

If you ask what is the best vehicle to visit the Nasca lines. Going by plane is the best way since it will allow you to contemplate the main figures in greater detail. 

You should be aware that the flight has several sharp turns that make some passengers nauseous. Try to eat only a little in the hours before take-off. Going early in the morning is recommended as there is better visibility and less wind.

Choosing a good company such as AeroNasca, AeroParacas or Móvil Air is recommended. 

Another alternative is to go by land and climb the observation tower. The tower is on the outskirts of Nasca. It is 13 meters high and offers a good view of two lines: the tree and the hands.

How many hours should a person spend visiting the Nasca Lines?

The trip by light aircraft to see the Nasca lines lasts approximately half an hour to forty minutes. 

Is it possible to stay at Nasca Lines?

Yes, you can stay nearby the Nasca lines in Nasca town. 

For those looking to explore the city of Nasca, travelers will find various accommodation options. The budget-friendly option is Nasca Travel One, offering private rooms with all creature comforts such as TV and Wi-Fi at an affordable price – plus continental breakfast is included. Meanwhile, for those wanting something more luxurious, Alegria Hotel offers spacious rooms surrounded by lush gardens and pool areas, giving guests their secret hideaway within the city – alongside other facilities like its restaurant. 

Travelers seeking a remote desert escape with all the comforts of home are found at Hotel Las Dunas in Ica. Enjoy an oasis just 45 minutes away from Paracas National Reserve and 135 km to discover ancient Nasca Lines. Lima is only 300km away – perfect for travelers wanting to explore Peru’s capital city but relax in a tranquil setting when finished. With 50 rooms, choose between standard, superior, or deluxe suites and one villa accommodation option.

What was the purpose of the Nasca Lines for the Nazca culture that created them?

The latest research and findings at Yamagata University suggest that the mysterious lines created by the Nazca people in Peru’s desert were far more than just patterns on the sand. These ancient markings served as epicenters of spiritual power, unifying multiple cultures between the coast and highlands near Iquique. It has also been theorized that they acted like signs directing travelers to Cahuachi – a socio-political hub for Nasca citizens back then. Thus, a new perspective reveals an extraordinary purpose behind these age-old figures crafted into sandy landscapes many millennia ago!

The Nasca culture was a remarkable civilization that left traces of its existence in Peru. Its center, Cahuachi on the Grande River, flourished between the first and seventh centuries before declining. One unique aspect of this ancient society is their giant geoglyphs in the Pampas de Jumana, considered astronomical depictions or even a calendar! The mysterious purpose behind these huge drawings remains unknown today, but no doubt speaks volumes about these impressive people’s knowledge and complexity.

What are some theories about the purpose of the Nazca lines?

Various theories are proposed by scientists and scholars regarding the purpose of the famous Nazca lines. Some hypotheses are widely accepted among the scientific community, while others present theoretical scenarios that are difficult to test. One prevailing viewpoint suggests that these lines were created by two distinct pre-Inca cultures during separate time periods. Specifically, it is believed that the Paracas culture (700 BC – 200 AD) and the Nazca culture (1 BC – 600 AD) were responsible for the design and construction of the lines. Consequently, the lines have become known by the name of their presumed last designers.

What is the size and appearance of the Humanoid geoglyph?

The Humanoid geoglyph, recently discovered and considered incredibly awe-inspiring, is characterized by its relatively small size compared to other figures found in the area. Measuring approximately 2 meters (6.6 feet) in width and 4 meters (13.1 feet) in height, this humanoid representation stands out due to its diminutive stature. The geoglyph portrays a little human figure adorned with a distinctive headdress featuring three points atop its rectangular head. The humanoid is depicted holding a scepter, adding to its intriguing appearance. Despite the challenges posed by the deteriorated state of the geoglyph, the combined efforts of the Artificial Intelligence system, along with the expertise of the archaeologists in charge, were successful in locating and highlighting this remarkable image.

Who discovered more than 140 new Nazca lines images in 2004?

In 2004, a team of researchers led by Professor Masato Sakai from Yamagata University collaborated with Peruvian archaeologist Jorge Olano. With advanced technologies, including IBM’s PAIRS geoscope, they successfully unearthed over 140 previously undiscovered images of the Nazca lines.

What are some other names for the Pelican geoglyph?

The Pelican geoglyph, also known as Alcatraz (an old Spanish name for Pelican), is one of the Nazca Lines Images that presents a challenge regarding its distinct identification. Apart from the name Pelican, this geoglyph is associated with several other names, such as Flamenco, Cormorant, and even Phoenix.

What is the representation of the Nazca dog geoglyph?

The Nazca dog geoglyph is a lesser-known figure among the Nazca Lines images. It portrays a dog in a state of surprise and alertness. This depiction showcases the dog standing upright, with its limbs and tail fully extended, its ears pointing upward, and its eyes and mouth open. However, this posture may simply be the dog stretching its body. The dimensions of the dog geoglyph do not exceed 170 feet in length. It is widely believed that this representation specifically references the Peruvian Inca Orchid, a native breed of dog found in Peru, known for its hairless appearance.

What is the significance of the whale geoglyph?

The whale geoglyph holds significant meaning within the context of the Nazca culture and the famous Nazca lines. Representing a fairly uncomplicated yet easily distinguishable design, the whale geoglyph was one of many indigenous animals depicted on the vast canvas of the Peruvian desert by the Nazca people. Specifically, the whale geoglyph is a remarkable example of the immense diversity celebrated through the Nazca lines. In addition to the whale geoglyph, there is another intricate depiction of an Orca or Killer Whale, further showcasing Nazca artwork’s complexity. This particular geoglyph, however, proves to be more challenging to differentiate. The presence of these whale geoglyphs highlights the Nazca culture’s deep appreciation for the rich variety of animal life that surrounded them. Their depiction serves as a testament to the knowledge, skill, and artistry of the Nazca people in capturing the essence of these majestic creatures on the desert landscape, ensuring their enduring legacy for generations to come.

What is the significance of the spider geoglyph?

The spider geoglyph holds significant importance due to its distinctive features and intricate portrayal. The varying width of the drawn lines, stretching up to 210 centimeters in the widest areas and reducing to approximately 40 centimeters in narrower sections, adds to its captivating allure. This precise craftsmanship highlights the creators’ meticulous attention to detail and skill. Its unique characteristics make the spider geoglyph stand out among other figures, making it a must-see attraction for visitors exploring the area.

What is the significance of the parrot geoglyph?

The parrot geoglyph is significant among the vast lines and figures in the Nazca desert. Although not immediately apparent due to the many other lines in the area, its distinct features are indeed discernible to those with keen observation. Its beak, head, and an evident large crest on one side contribute to the identification of this avian representation. The parrot geoglyph showcases a unique artistic style, predominantly characterized by circular forms. However, the image has suffered alterations over time due to natural erosion and human interference, particularly in the lower section, where the construction of paths and roads occurred. Despite these modifications, the outline of its wings is still discernible. Intriguingly, these wings are portrayed through parallel rectangular shapes, which deviate from a strictly natural representation, suggesting a deliberate artistic choice. The enigmatic nature of the parrot geoglyph has stirred the imagination of various theorists and academics. Its unconventional design has sparked countless theories and interpretations, contributing to the ongoing discussion surrounding the Nazca lines. This geoglyph’s presence has become a subject of intense curiosity, as it holds clues and symbolism that inspire scholarly exploration and provide insights into the ancient civilization that etched these remarkable formations onto the desert floor.

What is the significance of the hummingbird geoglyph?

The hummingbird geoglyph holds great significance due to its representation of a revered deity or flying god in the ancient Nazca culture of Peru. Peru is known for its diverse hummingbird species, with over 125 recorded species, and it is believed that the Nazca population held the hummingbird in high regard. According to Maria Rostorowski, a prominent Peruvian historian, offerings were made annually to appease the god Hummingbirds and prevent drought and lack of rain. This geoglyph not only attracts attention but also exhibits remarkable craftsmanship. Its design allows it to be easily identified during flights over the Nazca lines. The wingspan of the hummingbird geoglyph reaches an impressive 97 meters, while its pointed beak adds further detail to its portrayal. Stretching across a length of 320 feet and a width of 216 feet, this massive depiction emphasizes the contrast between the small size of the hummingbird and its larger-than-life representation in the geoglyph. Overall, the hummingbird geoglyph is a testament to the cultural significance placed on this bird by the Nazca people. Its creation and size highlight the devotion and respect given to the deity it represents. It also serves as a visual reminder of the connection between the gods and the natural world in the Nazca belief system.

What is the significance of the astronaut geoglyph?

The astronaut geoglyph found among the Nazca lines has intrigued researchers and experts for years, as its significance remains a mystery. The geoglyph, also called the giant or the owl-man, stands out amongst the faithful representations of key animals in Nazca culture. This particular geoglyph depicts what appears to be a figure of a human being with large eyes and boots on its feet. Some experts propose that it may belong to the Paracas culture, predating the Nazca culture. Others suggest that it could represent a fisherman, as a net is seen in the figure’s left hand, which is logical considering the area’s proximity to the sea. However, the true intention and purpose behind the astronaut geoglyph remain enigmatic. Academics and researchers continue to debate its meaning, leading to various outlandish theories. Some believe it to be a celestial being or a representation of an extraterrestrial visitor, while others assert that it symbolizes an important figure in Nazca religious or mythological beliefs. To truly appreciate and understand the astronaut geoglyph, one must observe it from above by flying over the Nazca lines. This perspective provides a comprehensive view of its intricate design and scale, providing further context for its possible significance. Despite extensive analysis and speculation, the true nature and purpose of the astronaut geoglyph still need to be discovered, leaving room for ongoing exploration and interpretation by future researchers. Its enigmatic presence continues to captivate and intrigue those interested in the ancient Nazca civilization.

What is the significance of the monkey geoglyph?

The monkey geoglyph in the Nazca lines holds significant meaning and offers insights into the ancient Nazca civilization. This large geoglyph, measuring approximately 330 feet long and 190 feet high, is among the most iconic and emblematic images among the diverse collection of Nazca lines. The monkey geoglyph is particularly intriguing because it represents Peruvian Amazon fauna, as monkeys are not typically found in the arid Nazca desert region. This suggests that the presence of the monkey geoglyph may indicate the existence of trade routes during the time when the Nazca culture flourished. The depiction of a monkey, a creature primarily associated with the Peruvian jungle located far away from the desert, showcases the Nazca civilization’s profound knowledge about the entire fauna of Peru. It is a testament to their understanding and appreciation of the diverse ecosystems within their country. Intricately portrayed with nine fingers and a distinctive spiral-shaped tail, the monkey geoglyph captures the vast catalog of Nazca lines imagery. Exploring these lines during a Nazca lines tour allows one to marvel at the tremendous undertaking of the ancient Nazca civilization, which undertook the creation of these massive and intricate geoglyphs. The significance of the monkey geoglyph lies not only in its representation of an unusual fauna for the Nazca desert region but also in its potential connection to trade routes and the complex knowledge possessed by the Nazca civilization concerning the fauna of Peru. It serves as a reminder of this ancient civilization’s ingenuity and cultural depth, leaving a lasting impression on those fortunate enough to witness it.

What is the significance of the condor geoglyph?

The condor geoglyph is significant among the Nazca lines as one of the most famous and instantly recognizable images. However, recent suggestions by expert groups propose that the figure more closely resembles that of a Chicago, a bird known for hovering near the lines. This theory gains credibility because Andean condors, although associated with Peru’s Andes, are typically observed over 100 miles away from the Nazca area. It is common to find depictions of animals from other regions in the geoglyphs, as seen in other figures. The condor geoglyph is truly remarkable in size, measuring an impressive 130 meters in length and 115 meters in width. Descriptions and photographs need to capture these ancient wonders’ true grandeur and magnificence. It is highly recommended that one witnesses the Nazca lines firsthand to truly appreciate their intricate craftsmanship and ponder the methods used to create them.

How is the Geography of Nasca Lines?

The geography of the province of Nasca is characterized by valleys and rivers (Ingenio – Changuillo, Aja, Socos, Tierras Blancas, Taruga, Trancas, and Poroma rivers), all tributaries of the Grande river basin. There are immense pampas and hills typical of the coastal desert, highlighting the pampas of Jumana where the famous geoglyphs or Nasca Lines are found. To the province’s east, you can appreciate gorges that give beginning to the first Andean foothills. Coastal features include the inlet of San Fernando and the bays of San Nicolas and San Juan in the southern end of the province.

Specifically, the place where the Nasca culture developed is a tablazo, i.e., a tectonic uplift, which in the case of the tablazo of Ica flows into the sea in the form of a low cliff. The climate is warm, rainfall is scarce, and the terrain is arid, with sandy pampas and quite porous, with numerous subway filtrations that change the course of the rivers, which on many occasions emerge several kilometers away, constituting oases. 

What is the Geological Profile of Nasca Lines?

An intricate tapestry has been painted onto a fan-shaped canvas in the Nasca desert for thousands of years. This immense work is comprised of alluvial deposits beginning as far back as the Pleistocene and spanning to modern times; some areas are covered with dunes or other evidence left by climactic fluctuations. The resulting geoglyphs stand today in testament to those who created them long ago.

The stunning Aeolian landscapes of the region are composed of faceted triangles and fans created by alluvial deposits, dissected further still by mighty Urupalla and Socos Gorges. Hills, mountains, and debris slopes – each featuring a unique combination of subvolcanic rocks, sediments, and continental/marine sedimentary rock – make up the impressive topography. These geological marvels provide captivating glimpses into an ancient world that few can ever witness in person.

Soils and sediments in the region can be divided into two primary categories. The first comprises mostly alluvial deposits, ranging from well-rounded gravels to subangular pebbles embedded in a sandy or silty matrix. In some areas, there are higher concentrations of finer particles, such as clays and silts, associated with water flows indicated by pampas features. The second sector consists mainly of weathering soils containing clay adjacent to existing intrusive rocks that may manifest hardened crusts over time due to their exposure to elements like wind and sand sun rays.

A unique soil formation was discovered in the pampas’ northern reaches. It had formed atop an ancient desert alluvium with limited rainfall and no signs of natural disturbance. On further inspection, it became evident that this sedimentation process was due to sustained wind patterns rather than transport from other landscapes – meaning its preservation is virtually intact! This area’s weather cycles vary significantly across seasons, making it interesting to explore their meteorological data in-depth. 

The Nasca pampas have been steadily affected over time by the El Niño events, which cause climatic anomalies in certain areas. These alterations are evident with streams like Urupalla and Socos where rain washes away finer particles from slopes as well as accumulation of coarse materials on them.

What are the findings in Nasca Lines?

There are three basic types of Nasca Lines: straight lines, geometric designs, and pictorial representations.

There are more than 800 straight lines on the coastal plain, some of which are 48 km long. 

In addition, there are more than 300 geometric designs, including basic shapes such as triangles, rectangles, and trapezoids, as well as spirals, arrows, zigzags, and wavy lines.

The Nasca Lines are best known for their depictions of 70 animals and plants, some of which are up to 370 meters long. Some examples are a spider, a hummingbird, a cactus, a monkey, a whale, a llama, a duck, a flower, a tree, a lizard, and a dog.

The Nasca also created other forms, such as a humanoid figure (nicknamed “The Astronaut”), hands, and some unidentifiable representations.

In 2011, a Japanese team discovered a new geoglyph that appears to depict a decapitation scene. At about 4.2 meters long and 3.1 meters wide, is much smaller than other Nasca figures and is not easily seen from aerial surveys. 

In 2016, the same team found another geoglyph, this time one depicting a 98-foot-long (30 meters) mythical creature with many legs and mottled markings sticking out its tongue.

In 2018, Peruvian archaeologists announced that they had discovered more than 50 new geoglyphs in the region, using drones to map the landmarks.

This year, the team of academics from Yamagata University, led by Japanese researcher Masato Sakai, found 168 new geoglyphs near the Nasca lines with the help of Peruvian archaeologists, drones, and aerial images.

Where was the recently discovered Cat geoglyph found, and what are its characteristics?

The recently discovered Cat geoglyph, which measures 31 meters or 121 feet in length, was found on a natural mound near the Nazca lines. Located at a natural viewpoint, this impressive figure had gone unnoticed by many tourists who passed by it every day. The Cat geoglyph stands out due to its unique characteristics. It depicts a cat with pointy ears, large round eyes, a long striped tail, and an open mouth. Its expression conveys a sense of wonder, setting it apart from the typical Nazca figures. Interestingly, the image of the cat was already present in ceramics and fabrics of the Nazca culture, indicating its significance and association with the ancient civilization. Through carbon 14 dating, it has been estimated that this magnificent geoglyph could have been created between 200 and 100 B.C., making it older than many of the other Nazca figures in the surrounding area. The discovery and preservation of this ancient artwork is truly remarkable.

What is the nearest city to Nasca Lines?

Nasca is a city just 21 kilometers from the fascinating Nasca Lines, located in Peru. Just 6 hours and 20 minutes by car will take you on a fantastic journey from Lima – the capital of Peru to these mysterious figures etched into the landscape.

What are the books about Nasca Lines?

You can consult the following books about the Nasca Lines: 

  • Contributions to geometry and astronomy in ancient Peru. REICHE, María. Editorial Epígrafe. 1993. 
  • Peru. The secret of the desert. REICHE, María. Ministry of Education of Peru. 2001.
  • Nasca Lines. Of the men who drew the desert. HERRAN, Eduardo. Editorial Faculty of Communication Sciences, Tourism and Psychology of the USMP. 2016.
  • The Mystery of the Nasca Lines. MORRISON, Tony. Publisher Woodbridge. 1987.
  • The Nasca. SILVERMAN, Helaine. PROULX, Donald. Blackwell Publishers. 2008

Who are the scientists who worked on Nasca Lines?

Among the most influential scientists, archaeologists, and researchers who have worked on the Nasca Lines are the former Peruvian archaeologist Toribio Mejia Xesspe, the American Paul Kosok, the German Maria Reiche, and the Japanese Masato Sakai.

Peruvian archaeologist Toribio Mejia Xesspe was the first researcher to study the lines in 1926 systematically. However, since they are practically impossible to identify from ground level, they only became known to the public with the arrival of commercial flights over Peru in the 1930s. 

American professor Paul Kosok investigated and found himself at the foot of a line on June 22, 1941, just one day after the winter solstice. At the end of a full day studying the lines, Kosok looked up from his work to see the sunset aligned directly with the line. Kosok called the 310-square-mile expanse of the high desert “the greatest astronomy book in the world.”

The German Maria Reiche, the Lady of Nasca, followed Kosok. Reiche studied the lines for 40 years and fought tirelessly to confirm her theories about the astronomical and calendrical purpose of the lines. 

The team of academics from Yamagata University, headed by Japanese researcher Masato Sakai, found 168 new geoglyphs near the Nazca lines with the help of Peruvian archaeologists, drones, and aerial images.

What do the straight lines of Nasca Mean?

The magnificent Nasca Lines – sprawling geoglyphs carved into Peru’s coastal plain – have been a source of wonder and mystery for over two millennia. From bird-like shapes to animals and plants, these enormous etchings can only be truly appreciated from above due to their immense size. As much as 80 years after first being studied by researchers, many of its secrets remain unsolved—a testament to humankind’s captivating ancient art forms that continue to move us today!

Which district is Nasca Lines in?

The Nasca Lines are located in the Department of Ica, precisely in the Province of Nasca. 

Is Nasca River close to the Nasca Lines?

Yes, the Nasca Lines are located near the Nasca River. This river basin and the Rio Grande basin where the Nasca River flows into affected and influenced the history of the lines and the civilization that developed them.

Are the Nazca Lines close to the Nazca desert?

Yes, the Nazca lines are indeed located within what is considered the Nazca desert. The Nazca Desert, also known as the Nazca Plains, is a desert located in the department of Ica in the southern area of Peru, along the south coast of the Pacific Ocean. It is famous for the Nazca Lines, a series of enormous geoglyphs etched into the desert floor. These geoglyphs were created by removing the reddish-brown iron oxide-coated pebbles covering the Nazca Desert’s surface, revealing the light-colored earth beneath. The Nazca Lines are best viewed from the air and depict various animals, plants, and geometric shapes.

Does the Nasca River affect the History of Nasca Lines?

The Nasca River has influenced and affected the history of the Nasca Culture and the Nasca Lines.

The Nasca Lines are located in the desert plains of the Rio Grande river basin, into which the Nasca River flows. This account is, in turn, an archaeological site covering more than 75,000 hectares and is one of the driest places on Earth.

It is an area where it practically does not rain but where there is water because these rivers, at least annually, provide a flow from the rains that occur in the Andes. In such a way that these rivers become oases, thanks to which it is possible to develop agricultural activities. 

Since the Nasca Lines are located in a place where less than one liter/m² of rain falls per year. The terrain is arid, and the composition of the soil, with a high gypsum content mixed with the morning mist and dew, keeps the Earth and stones “attached” to the ground, preventing them from being carried away by the movement of the air. This warm air acts as a cushion that prevents the lines from being erased because it forces the wind to change its direction.

The Nasca culture developed mainly in the valleys of the department of Ica, Peru. Its center was located in Cahuachi, on the left bank of the Rio Grande, in the current province of Nasca.

It is known that water supply played an essential role in their development. In several excavations, small cavities have been found in the geoglyphs in which offerings of agricultural products and marine animals have been found, which had a religious character. Some researchers consider that the drawings of the Nasca Lines were part of a ritual landscape whose purpose was the invocation of water.

The Nasca culture consolidated a remarkable hydraulic technology: building aqueducts, canals, and wells, allowing them to supply water to their cultivated lands permanently.

How did Nasca Lines live in the Past?

Some recent research indicates that the purpose of the Nasca Lines was related to water. A precious asset in the arid lands that form the Peruvian coast. According to these studies, the geoglyphs were not used as an irrigation system or a guide to finding water but as part of a ritual to the gods, an effort to attract much-needed rain.

On this basis, they point out that the representations of animals -some of which are symbols of rain, water, or fertility and have been found in other ancient Peruvian sites and in ceramics- are proof of this.

In 2015, at the 80th annual meeting of the American Society for Archaeology, it was presented that the purpose of the Nazca Lines changed over time. At first, pilgrims on their way to Peruvian temples used the geoglyphs as ritual processional routes. Later, as part of a religious rite, groups would break ceramic pots against the ground at the point where the lines intersected.

How was Agriculture in Nasca Lines?

The Nasca culture was a civilization whose subsistence economy was based on intensive agriculture.

The basis of the economy was agriculture, an activity that was a difficult challenge for the Nazca to overcome due to the geographic characteristics of the region where they developed: a relatively dry climate, little agricultural land, and little water for irrigation.

In this regard, the Italian scholar Antonio Raimondi observed that:

Located in the depths of Nazca, a subterranean waterway runs closer than four or five meters underground – unfortunately, too deep to irrigate its arid land. The river usually is dry throughout most months, yet thanks to remarkable works by the ancient civilization centuries ago; it has been able to sustain life in this otherwise desolate landscape for over ten months annually.

The way the Nasca solved this problem is one of the most admirable achievements of their culture. Applying remarkable hydraulic technology, they built aqueducts, canals, and wells that allowed them to permanently supply water to the cultivated lands, thus developing solid agriculture.

Their crops were: corn, beans, squash, pumpkin, cassava, peanuts, peppers, guava, lucuma, pacae, and cotton. With the latter, they developed their textiles and clothing.

How was Mining in Nasca Lines?

The Nasca culture used gold and silver to make masks, ear flares, nose rings, and other ritual objects decorated by embossing as sheets. These objects were for ceremonial and/or religious uses.

How was the economy of Nasca Lines?

The Nasca people, a Peruvian pre-Columbian civilization on the Pacific coast, developed an advanced economy based on intensive agriculture and fishing. Aqueducts provided irrigation for their cultivated land, while plentiful sea resources were taken advantage of through marine life, such as whales depicted in ceramic artworks. In addition to regional trade exchanging goods like textiles with neighboring societies of Andean culture, such as the Huarpas in the highlands, these ancient South Americans laid down solid foundations that contributed to cultural prosperity in this part of Peru long ago.

How was Daily Life in Nasca Lines?

At the top of the Nasca social pyramid were the principal authorities: lords and priests. These could organize community work and direct complex ceremonial activities. This elite lived in pyramidal buildings, in particular sectors whose rooms were made of adobe and walls covered with a layer of plaster or lime to cover cracks.

At the service of these authorities were many specialized artisans, such as potters and textile makers, astrologers, musicians, and soldiers, who lived in small towns and ceremonial centers, among which Cahuachi was the most important. The warriors in particular, formed a highly respected and feared social class because they were characterized by their strength and pride in both ceramics and textiles.

At the base of the society were the farmers and fishermen, who lived scattered in different parts of the territory. The farmers had almost all of the valleys in this way; they could develop agriculture with more space and fertile land.

The Nasca culture did not have a unified government or a capital but was a grouping of local lordships. These lordships occupied the valleys, at the ends of which were the settlements, since the rest of the territory along each river was dedicated exclusively to agriculture.

These lordships eventually made alliances, the only common bond being religion, in addition to culture. The struggles between them must have been ongoing.

The Nasca were very fond of war. They were always looking for trophy heads and painted their faces imitating the falcon’s spots, as seen in their artistic representations.

It is presumed that the expansion of this culture was military in nature, based on the following facts:

  • The sudden appearance of Nasca ceramics in some sites
  • The existence of fortified cities in the area of Nasca influence
  • The large number of weapons found in the tombs
  • The custom of head-trophies

Their expansion must have been due to the search for new arable land in the face of the desertification process that threatened their territory.

The practice of trophy heads originated in what is now known as Sitio Arqueologico Chavin de Huantar and Paracas cultures. However, it became widespread under the Nasc, so much so that it is even profusely represented in their early ceramics.

It was widely believed that they were war trophies: the victorious warrior had the right to cut off the head of the defeated enemy and turn it into a trophy that he always carried with him. However, the finding of children’s and women’s heads not associated with war contexts has led to the assumption that they could also be practices linked to the cult of fertility.

According to studies carried out in the tombs of Cahuachi and other Nazca sites, Helaine Silverman suggests that approximately 5% of the Nasca inhabitants ended up as trophy heads, which gives us an idea of the enormous diffusion of this practice.

What were the Religious Beliefs in Nasca Lines?

The Nasca civilization performed rituals to the divinities of the sea, the sky, the Earth, fire, water, wind, and the creator God. A significant part of their constructions and elaborations were made for the gods so there would be no droughts, and the canals would not dry up. Their religion was also related to the Nasca Lines, considered an agricultural circle and astronomical calendar by some researchers. Others point out that they were the site of numerous rituals dedicated to their gods. 

Typical Nasca burials were generally individual, inside a shallow pit. In the Middle and Late Nasca periods, burials appeared in deep burial chambers, with lined walls and more outstanding grave goods than in previous periods, suggesting the appearance of powerful elites and more significant social differentiation. At the site of La Muña, in the Palpa Valley, this type of burial chamber has been found associated with ceremonial architecture. Still, unfortunately, it has already been looted and stolen.

The position of the buried person could be flexed or lying down. The angled bodies (fetal position) were wrapped with several shrouds until they formed a bundle, similar to those of the Paracas Culture. Some bundles had a so-called “false head,” a slight bulge in the upper part that simulated a head. The burial was accompanied by various offerings, ma or vessels filled with food, weapons, and clothing accessories such as hats, plumes, and bouquets. 

The importance of the deceased can be determined by the complexity of the chamber’s roof and the number of objects it contains. The tombs of the men and women of the village lack luxury.

A typical Nasca cemetery is located in Chauchilla, 30 km from the city of the same name. It is composed of burial chambers and pits roofed with cane and mud. Unfortunately, it has been plundered intensely, losing much of the information that it kept. 

How is the Past of Nasca Lines presented to the visitors?

The best way the Nasca lines are presented to visitors is written by the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) on its web page;

| In the southern Peruvian desert, giant etchings of spiders, whales, people, and trapezoids stretching across 450sqkm have adorned the landscape for 2,000 years.

Preserved naturally by the hot sun and a dry climate, the Nasca Lines have been embedded with mystery ever since the Nazca culture collapsed around 600 AD. 

The ancient Nascas scratched their drawings into the sand by removing rocks from the desert soil.

The manmade wonder resulted from a collection of shapes and pictures only discernable from great heights—the question of why has lingered over these images for centuries.

As more and more is uncovered about the ancient civilization that once lived on this arid coastal plain, the Nasca Lines will continue to intrigue for academics and ordinary people. Travelers to Peru can only hope that preservation efforts can make this archaeological treasure last for generations to come.

Today, the Nasca Lines are a World Heritage Site attracting curious tourists and academics worldwide. But the etchings may be under threat. Nasca’s incredible lines and geoglyphs have been placed on the World Monument Fund’s 2012 Watch list.

As a result, the Ministry of Culture is working on a master plan to regulate tourism and industrial activity in the area. That plan will likely include tactics for responding to flooding caused by El Niño and La Niña climate patterns.

Several tour operators offer trips to Nasca, and a few bill themselves as eco-tourism businesses. Outfitters Eco Service Tours and Sacred Earth Travel offer three-day tours to view the geoglyphs from above and up close on the ground.

Preserving the Nasca Lines should be in the Peruvian government’s best interest. The alluring history of these cryptic lines could have the potential to rival Machu Picchu as a tourist destination.

How is the Preservation of Nasca Lines?

Given the desert’s scarcity of rain, wind, and erosion, the geoglyphs have been preserved well over the centuries.

Unlike other relics worldwide, the Nasca Lines were primarily saved from unintentional destruction, thanks to their location in the desert.

But they are not entirely risk-free.

In 2009, the Nasca Lines suffered the first recorded rain damage in their millennial history. The heavy downpours deposited sand and clay on three fingers of the hand-shaped geoglyph. This makes us consider climate change a risk to be considered for preserving this World Heritage Site.

Five years later, Greenpeace’s environmental group damaged an area near the hummingbird geoglyph. Activists disturbed the top layer of rocks next to the hummingbird figure when they trampled the forbidden area of the desert to put up a large sign promoting renewable energy.

In 2018, a truck driver who got lost on the Pan American highway was arrested after he drove over a portion of the Nasca Lines, etching deep scars in an area approximately 100 feet by 330 feet (about 50 meters by 100 meters). The damage caused by the truck driver renewed calls for increased security and site surveillance.

Is there a modern town of Nasca Lines?

Nasca is a Peruvian city, the capital of the district of the same name, located in the province of Nasca in the department of Ica. Geographically, it is situated on the right bank of the Aja River, a tributary of the Rio Grande, in a valley 520 meters above sea level 439 km south of Lima.

It is a very vibrant city thanks to the many visitors arriving daily to see the Nasca Lines and its surroundings’ mining, agricultural, and commercial development.

Its population is approximately 50,000 inhabitants.

Do Nasca Lines have a No-fly Zone?

In Peru, overflight is prohibited in restricted areas, such as the Government Palace, military zones, airports, archeological sites (including the Nasca lines), and protected natural areas, unless authorized by the corresponding entities.

What are the prominent historical landmarks in Nasca?

Among the main places of historical interest in Nasca, in addition to the lines themselves, we consider the following areas to visit:

  • Plaza de Armas is the central square of Nasca, where several hotels and restaurants are located. There is also a museum of the same name, which exhibits mostly ceramics of the ancient Nasca culture. 

Conveniently located a short distance from the small Maria Reiche Neuman airport, which usually handles tourist traffic, it is the liveliest place in town.

  • Cahuachi is a citadel and ceremonial center of the ancient Nasca culture. There, we can find two staggered adobe pyramids.
  • Chauchilla Cemetery: It is a pre-Inca necropolis. Some sources relate it to the ancient Huari Culture and others to the Nasca Culture. In the cemetery, you can see pottery fragments, textiles, and mummies.
  • The Nasca culture built the Aqueducts of Cantalloc, and they work until today. Demonstrating the technological advances in hydraulic engineering that the Nasca civilization had. More than 40 aqueducts were built, which were used throughout the year to develop efficient agriculture and meet the needs of its population.

Is Nasca Lines a UNESCO World Heritage Site?

Since 1994, the Nasca Lines have been considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 

What is the contribution of Nasca Lines to Tourism in Peru?

Every year, more than one hundred thousand people visit the Nasca Lines. The lines are important for the province of Nasca, as they generate employment and a great deal of fluidity in the local economy.

According to National Geographic, preserving the Nasca Lines should become a priority for the Peruvian government. This is because, according to an American scientific publication, this great work has all the potential to rival Machu Picchu as a tourist destination.

Are the Nazca Lines in danger?

The Nasca Lines are in danger of disappearing in our lifetimes. Despite having survived thousands of years, the Lines could easily be swept away by a major storm, a risk in the age of climate change.

However, humans are the greatest threat to the Nasca Lines: urbanization, road construction, and modernity are more severe threats than any other natural reason.

The best-known case of damage caused by human actions to the Nasca Lines occurred in 2014 when twelve Greenpeace activists illegally entered a 40m2 area where the Colibri geoglyph is located. In this space, 45 yellow canvases were placed with the message “Time for Change! The future is renewable, Greenpeace”. 

The events occurred during the UN Climate Conference held in Peru that year.

In 2015, the executive director of Greenpeace International, Kumi Naidoo, acknowledged that the activity was a mistake. “Greenpeace should never have done the activity in the Nazca lines,” he assured and affirmed that they would repair the damage.

Is Nasca Lines floated in the Past?

The Nasca lines did not float in the Past.

The Nasca Lines are located where less than one liter/m² of rain falls annually. As this is an arid terrain, the composition of the soil, with a high gypsum content mixed with the morning dew, keeps the dirt and stones “attached” to the ground, preventing them from being dragged by the movement of the air.

 This hot air is a cushion that prevents the lines from blurring because it forces the wind to change its direction.

How many Artifacts exist in Nasca Lines?

To date, more than 1,500 geoglyphs are known to have been crafted by the ancient Nazca culture.

 These geometric drawings and figures extend over 400 square kilometers in southern Peru. The figures are up to 1.9 kilometers long, and the lines are up to 10 kilometers.

Currently, in December 2022, new drawings and figures continue to appear. There are many theories about why the Nazca people could have been drawn these lines

Some Sample Artifacts from Nasca Lines?

Below is a list of the artifacts in the Nasca lines;

Hummingbird Figure – Nasca Lines

The figure of the Hands – Nasca Lines

The figure of the spider – Nasca Lines 

Monkey Figure – Nasca Lines

Nasca Culture Textiles  

Mug with pelican motifs – Nasca Culture.

What are the movies about Nasca Lines?

Several films, reports, and documentaries have been made about the Nasca Lines. Some have been productions made with all the seriousness and rigor in the information of National Geographic, as well as other works made solely for entertainment, as is the case of Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull and the soon-to-be-released movie Transformers: The Awakening of the Beasts. 

1 – The documentary series ‘The Nazca Lines’, was produced by Edge West Production in association with National Geographic Television for National Geographic Channel. 

2- BBC News report – Skydivers’ 8,800ft jump over Peru’s Nazca lines

3 – Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull (2008). Indiana Jones makes one of his last adventures in Peru. During his stay in the country of the Incas, he visits Cusco and the ancient Nasca lines.

4 – Transformers: Awakening of the Beasts. (2023). So far, the last great confrontation between Autobots and Decepticons takes place in Peru, in some of its most ancient peoples famous historical and millenary places.

Who are the famous people who visited Nasca Lines?

Among the essential explorers, scientists, archaeologists, and researchers who have worked in the Nasca Lines, we can consider the Spanish Pedro Cieza de León (in the XVI century), the Peruvian Toribio Mejía Xesspe, the North Americans Paul Kosok and John Reinhard (the latter is a recognized member of National Geographic), the German Maria Reiche and the Japanese Masato Sakai.

From the world of fiction, the movie hero Indiana Jones (represented by Harrison Ford) lived adventures in the Nasca Lines that we were lucky enough to see in the movie “Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull”. The movie’s filming took place in the USA, but, as an anecdote and from fantasy, great Indiana once again saved the world, in this case, from Nasca.

Unlike Indiana Jones, who did visit the Nasca Lines, and filmed scenes of his new movie in Peru, were the Autobots. Their next confrontation against the evil Decepticons takes place in Peruvian territory: Nasca, Cusco, and the Amazon jungle. In 2023 we will see them in Transformers: Awakening of the Beasts.

What is the address and contact information for Evolution Treks Peru?

 Evolution Treks Peru is located in Calle Chile Q-17, Cusco Peru. 

What are some popular tours in Peru offered by Evolution Treks Peru?

Evolution Treks  Peru offers a variety of popular tours in Peru that cater to different preferences and budgets. Here are a few examples: 1. Classic Tour: Mysterious Nazca Lines and Machu PicchuDuration: 7 days / 6 nightsHighlights: Lima, Ica, Paracas, Nazca, Cusco, Sacred Valley, Machu PicchuThis tour takes you to explore the enigmatic Nazca Lines, witness the breathtaking beauty of Machu Picchu, and discover the rich cultural heritage of Cusco and the Sacred Valley. 2. Classic Tour: Peru Magic; Duration: 12 days / 11 nightsHighlights: Lima, Ica, Paracas, Nazca, Arequipa, Colca Canyon, Puno, Lake Titicaca, Cusco, Sacred Valley, Machu PicchuDiscover the true magic of Peru with this comprehensive tour. This tour promises an unforgettable journey from the mysterious Nazca Lines and the mesmerizing landscapes of Colca Canyon to the captivating beauty of Lake Titicaca and the iconic Machu Picchu. 3. Luxury Tour: Mysteries from the Air; Duration: 9 days / 8 nightsHighlights: Lima, Ica, Paracas, Nazca, Cusco, Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu. Embark on a luxury adventure that combines the charm of Peru’s ancient wonders with exclusive aerial experiences. This tour features visits to the Nazca Lines, Machu Picchu, and other sacred sites while offering unique opportunities to witness the mystique of Peru from the air. These are just a few examples of the popular tours offered by Evolution Treks Peru. Whether you’re seeking classic cultural exploration or a luxurious adventure, they have a diverse range of tours that cater to different interests and travel styles.

Nazca Lines Peru Guide: Tours, Hiking, Maps, Buildings, Facts, and History

Miguel is a professional tour guide from Cusco, Peru, with almost 20 years of experience leading tours and a deep knowledge of Peru’s cultural and ecological diversity. He is also an advocate of ecotourism and cultural sensitivity and has lectured on these topics in the US and Europe. He co-founded Evolution Treks Peru, a worker-owned travel company based in Cusco.

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Guide , Nazca Lines

Nazca Lines 2024: Everything You Need to Know

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Found in the heart of the Ica desert of southern Peru, the Nazca lines are a collection of enormous geoglyphs carved into the desert’s surface. Although the incredible carvings have yet to be dated exactly, it is estimated that they originated between 500 BC and 500 AD from the Nazca Culture that existed at the time. Although no one is certain, many experts believe that the vast carvings in the land had religious significance to the Nazca people. As a result, hundreds of designs were carved throughout the Nazca desert of varying complexity and detail. Today the Nazca Lines have become a hugely popular tourist attraction and are a must-see for all passing through the desert city.

Did you know: Peru Hop was setup by 2 Irish guys in 2013 and has been voted #1 Travel Company in Peru for 2024 – Click here for more info .

Nazca Lines Overflight

History of the Nazca Lines

The Nazca Lines’ first published discovery was by Pedro Cieza de León who mistakenly talked of trail markers in his book published back in 1553. With the rise of aviation came increased reports of the strange carvings in the desert from both military and civilian pilots flying in the area.

With the increase in sightings came interest from explorers. In 1927, the Peruvian archaeologist Toribio Mejía Xesspe stumbled across the Nazca Lines on foot which inspired him to spend years studying the lines and eventually report on his findings at a 1939 conference in Lima.

Paul Kosok, an American historian, was the first scholar to study the geoglyphs. He was investigating the theory that the strange carvings were used as irrigation pipes by the Nazcas. Having taken to the skies, he noticed that some of the lines actually resembled a bird. This discovery led to extensive research into why the ancient Nazca people had gone to such lengths to create these fascinating carvings, leading to many theories of how and why the Nazca Lines came to be.

Nazca Lines Theories

A popular explanation as to why the peculiar lines came to be is related to celestial bodies and where they rise on significant dates. Many believe that the Nazca Lines point to where these constellations will rise on important days to the Nazca people.

Prof. Kosak investigated the theory that the mysterious carvings may have been used as irrigation systems to boost agricultural output in the middle of the vast desert. Some archaeologists have also theorized that the carvings may have been a way of worshiping the gods in return for water from the mountains.

Some theories are definitely more obscure than others and there is no definite answer as to the origins of the Nazca Lines. There has even been speculation that the people used balloons to check out the vast drawings from above, although this seems somewhat unlikely!

How to Get There

Nazca is located in the Ica desert, about a 6 or 7 hour drive from the capital. Unfortunately there are no trains or planes to Nazca, meaning the only way to reach the fascinating geoglyphs is by bus. For travelers looking to reach Nazca, our hop-on/hop-off bus service passes through the sought after location every day, making it easy to get to on a flexible schedule.

Peru Hop buses offer comfortable and safe trips to Nazca, with free pickups and drop-offs. There are also free additional stops and tours on the way to Nazca which will make your trip much more worthwhile! Check out the passes page for more info.

Where to Stay

As Nazca is a major stop for tourists in Peru, there are many accommodation options available in town, from economical hostels to luxury hotels and everything in between. If you’re traveling with Peru Hop, you will also receive discounts at select hostels and hotels. For more information about where to stay in Nazca, make sure to visit our full Nazca city guide .

How to See the Nazca Lines

The most popular way of observing the Nazca Lines is, without a doubt, from the air. As the tour has grown in popularity with tourists, flight services have become readily available meaning anyone can see the wonderful geoglyphs from the skies, in all their glory! Flights last for 30 minutes, and are usually staffed by informative, bilingual guides so you can make the most of your Nazca Lines experience. Tour operators tend to run several morning and afternoon services with varying plane sizes meaning you and your whole group can enjoy the wonderful carvings together from the sky!

If flying isn’t quite your thing or you’re sticking to a tight budget, don’t worry! You can actually check out the Nazca Lines from an observation tower, costing only a few dollars for entry and transport. The view isn’t quite as spectacular as it is from a plane, but it’s definitely a fantastic experience if you can’t get a flight. If you’re traveling with Peru Hop , the observation tower is included as an added free tour with your ticket, meaning you can check out the incredible Nazca Lines free of charge!

For tours and flights over the Nazca Lines, check out the tours listed at the bottom of this page or visit our Nazca Lines flights page for more information.

Nazca Lines Spider Geoglyph

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With the largest geoglyph spanning 370m, the incredible Nazca Lines are a must visit for everyone traveling in Peru. So what are you waiting for? Whether it’s by plane or from the observation tower, get your Peru Hop passes and join us while we discover these mysterious carvings in the Nazca Desert. Also, make sure to check out our Nazca city guide for more information.

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Home » Discovering the Mysteries of Nazca Lines: A Complete Guide

Discovering the Mysteries of Nazca Lines: A Complete Guide

  • 10 May, 2023
  • by Oliver Eberlein
  • Reading time: 14 minutes

Discovering the Mysteries of Nazca Lines: A Complete Guide

Researchers, tourists, and conspiracy theorists have all been astonished and interested by the Nazca Lines for many years. More than 2,000 years ago, these large geoglyphs were carved into the ground of the Peruvian desert and show a wide range of shapes, including animals, plants, and geometric patterns. Even after much research, the meaning and purpose of these lines are still unknown.

In this guide, we’ll dive deep into the history and discovery of the Nazca lines, how you can get there, when is the best time to visit and much more. Let’s begin!

The Basics of Nazca Lines

What are the nazca lines and where are they located.

street with cars next to geoglyphs

The Nazca Lines are a group of prehistoric geoglyphs that may be found in southern Peru’s Nazca Desert. Between 500 BCE and 500 CE, the Nazca civilization produced these amazing artworks, which span an area of nearly 80 square kilometers.

The geoglyphs feature hundreds of diverse patterns, including geometric shapes, geometric creatures, and flora.

Since many of the patterns are so big, it is only possible to fully appreciate them from the air, which has generated a lot of discussion about their significance and intended use. One of the most stunning archaeological wonders in the world, the Nazca Lines are a UNESCO World Heritage Site .

There are many things to discover during your trip to Nazca , regardless of whether you’re interested in culture, history or the exciting sites.

What Are the Typical Tours That Include the Nazca Lines?

There are numerous tour choices that include a stop at the Nazca Lines. A day trip from Lima is a well-liked choice and typically takes 12 to 14 hours. It normally involves a flight above the geoglyphs and some free time to explore Nazca.

white small plane is flying over nazca lines

Another choice is to add the Nazca Lines within a longer Peru itinerary that also visits Ica and Arequipa. These trips extend several days and may include excursions to other nearby sights in addition to a fly over the geoglyphs.

Feel free to contact us if you are interested in adding this trip to your customized tour itinerary.

What Are the Different Types of Shapes That You Can See From Above?

The Nazca Lines are well-known for their complex and varied patterns, which comprise a vast variety of shapes that can only be completely understood from above. Animals like birds, monkeys, and fish as well as geometric patterns like spirals, triangles, and trapezoids are some of the most popular designs. Other patterns feature forests, flowers, and human beings.

different signs etched in the desert

The Nazca Spider, a gigantic spider with a length of almost 50 meters (164 ft), is one of the most well-known creations. Another well-liked motif is the hummingbird, which has elaborate wings and a large beak. The Nazca Condor is another remarkable design, with an astonishing wingspan of 130 meters (426 ft). That sounds incredible, doesn’t it?

The Nazca Lines also have countless straight lines and shapes that crisscross the desert landscape in addition to these more intricate patterns. The Nazca people are believed to have utilized these lines for ceremonial and astronomical purposes.

In turn, this leads to the next question…

How Were the Lines Created and How Have They Survived the Centuries?

Experts debate on the precise process that produced the Nazca Lines, but it is generally accepted that the lines were made by scraping out the dark-colored stones with iron oxide coatings that blanket the Nazca desert’s surface.

Due to the exposure of the lighter-colored sand beneath, the lines and shapes are formed by the contrast in color. Long ropes and sticks, as well as other basic materials, were probably utilized by the ancient Nazca people to create the artwork.

different elements in the desert

The Nazca desert’s dry, windless climate has allowed the Nazca Lines to endure for more than 2,000 years. This has helped in maintaining the lines and protecting them from erosion and other types of harm.

The Nazca people’s ability to live in harmony with nature and preserve the surrounding area is also thought to have contributed to the Nazca Lines’ long-term survival. To safeguard the geoglyphs from deterioration brought on by human activity, precautions are now taken, such as restricting access to the area and prohibiting flights over the lines.

Nowadays, the shapes are part of Peruvian culture and traditions and can be seen in different variations, such as artwork, marketing materials representing Peru and more.

Visiting the Nazca Lines

How you can see the nazca lines today.

Without a doubt, seeing the Nazca Lines is a unique and remarkable experience. The lines themselves are best seen from the air, but you can also explore the nearby desert and discover more about the Nazca people’s history and culture.

A picturesque flight from the close town of Nazca is the best way to see the lines. Several tour operators arrange 30-minute flights that provide you with a bird’s-eye view of the Nazca Lines.

monkey geoglyph etched in the earth

You can view the numerous geoglyphs, such as the well-known hummingbird, monkey, and spider, as well as the miles-long geometric patterns and lines. Did you know that a flight over the Nazca lines is one of the top things to do in Peru ?

There are also observation towers and viewing platforms that provide a closer perspective of some of the lines for travelers who would rather stay on the ground. You can also visit different museums nearby that offer details on the Nazca Lines and their cultural relevance.

While the Nazca Lines are a well-known tourist attraction, it’s essential to remember that they are fragile, so you should show respect and follow the guidelines from your tour guide. It is technically forbidden to walk or drive on the lines, therefore in order to preserve this historic marvel for future generations, you should stay on the trails and view places that have been set aside for them.

How to Get To Nazca

road next to nazca lines

Even though it’s not the easiest place to get to, it’s definitely worth the trip to see one of the most amazing archaeological wonders in the world. Here are the most common ways for travelers to get to Nazca.

The most popular and cheapest way to travel between Lima and Nazca is by bus. Daily services between the two cities are provided by a number of bus operators; the trip takes 6 to 8 hours.  The most well-known bus company is Cruz del Sur. To guarantee a seat on the bus, it is recommended to purchase tickets in advance, especially during busy travel times.

There are daily flights from Lima to Nazca for those who would choose a quicker and more convenient route. Numerous airlines, especially Sky Airline and LATAM, operate flights that last around an hour.

It’s not a recommended option as it is a 16-18 hour journey and you will feel very exhausted after it. Since there isn’t a direct bus route, you must first take a bus from Cusco to Arequipa before changing to a bus for the remaining leg to Nazca.

There is no direct flight from Cusco to Nazca and it typically involves a layover in Lima. The length of the layover and total flight time depends on the airline, but it typically takes between 2 – 3 hours.

From Arequipa

There are daily bus connections between the two cities offered by several bus companies; the trip takes 9 to 10 hours. The most popular bus companies are Civa, Oltursa and Cruz del Sur. To secure a seat on the bus, it is advisable to buy tickets in advance, especially during peak travel times.

Currently, there are no direct flights connecting Arequipa and Nazca. The majority of flights between Arequipa and Nazca stop in Lima, and the length of the layover and the particular airline can affect the overall trip time. Depending on the flight’s route and other considerations, the total travel time from Arequipa to Nazca might be anywhere from 4 and 8 hours or more.

Tips for Visiting Nazca

When is the best time to visit the nazca lines.

The dry season, which typically runs from May to November, is the ideal time to explore Nazca, which is one of the must-visit cities in Peru . The average high and low temperatures during this time are 27°C (81°F) and 15°C (59°F). It’s the ideal time of year to view the Nazca Lines from the air or from a viewing tower because the weather is sunny and dry.

different elements and signs etched in the earth

In contrast, Nazca has its wet season from December to April, when average high temperatures range from 25°C (77°F) to 14°C (57°F). It can be difficult to visit the area during this season because the desert terrain can get muddy and challenging to navigate.

Additionally, landslides and flooding from heavy rains can make the area dangerous to travel through.

What to Pack for Your Trip to Nazca

To ensure a safe and unforgettable experience, it’s important to pack the right things with you before visiting the Nazca Lines. Here are a few recommendations:

  • Sun protection : Due to the hot and unforgiving weather of the desert, it’s important to pack sunscreen, a hat, sunglasses and a bottle for water.
  • Solid footwear: You’ll be walking on uneven ground, so wear strong, supportive shoes.
  • Light and breathable clothes: The climate in Nazca is hot and dry..
  • Camera/cell phone: To capture your unique moments.
  • Medicine for motion sickness : If you are prone to motion sickness, make sure to take some medicine so that you can enjoy the flight.

Tours in Nazca

Nazca is very well-known for the mysterious Nazca Lines, which are geoglyphs that date back to between 500 BCE and 500 CE. While seeing the Nazca Lines is the primary attraction, you may also do other outdoor activities or discover more ruins closeby.

On our Peru destination page you can learn more about Nazca and all the things that you can do there. As mentioned at the beginning, a flight above the Nazca Lines is the highlight and offers an unmatched view of the geoglyphs from above. The flights leave from the Maria Reiche Neuman Airport.

desert dunes close to nazca

The Museo Antonini has a remarkable collection of artifacts and displays that highlight the history and customs of the Nazca people for those of you who are interested in the indigenous way of life. A dune buggy tour in the desert is another option for you, as it is a route to the highest sand dune in the world, Cerro Blanco , which lies closeby.

In general, Nazca provides you with a range of tours and activities to enjoy, from cultural encounters to outdoor adventures.

How Long Should You Stay In Nazca?

Despite being a small town, Nazca has enough attractions to keep you busy for a while. A trip to the Chauchilla Cemetery , a flight over the Nazca Lines and some time spent learning about the local way of life are typical stops on a normal itinerary. Most travelers stay in Nazca for one day (or one night), which is long enough to see all the major sights and still have time to unwind and take in the culture.

different skulls in the desert

The length of time you spend in Nazca ultimately depends on your specific interests and traveling preferences. In case you need more inspiration for your trip, feel free to take a look at our different Peru tours that will inspire you.

If you only have a day, you can visit the main sights from Lima or Arequipa. However, if you have some extra time, staying longer in Nazca will enable you to fully appreciate the town’s unique characteristics and charm.

Theories About the Purpose of the Nazca Lines

What are the most popular theories about why the nazca lines were created.

Numerous hypotheses have been put out on the function and significance of the Nazca Lines, which have long been the topic of fascination and speculative interest. Scientific theories say that the lines were drawn for astronomical and calendrical purposes because many of the patterns match the motions of the sun, moon, and stars.

The long straight lines, for instance, may have served as a marker for the solstices and equinoxes. According to other researchers, the Nazca people lacked the sophisticated astronomical understanding required to create such precise alignments.

elements etched in the desert and view on mountains

The lines may have been drawn for religious or ritualistic purposes, and the Nazca people may have used them to communicate with their gods or ancestors. This is according to one scientific theory and is supported by the patterns’ integration of animal and plant themes, which the Nazca people may have seen as having spiritual meaning.

More speculative theories believe that the Nazca Lines were created by aliens or are the ruins of former runways used by advanced airplanes. The majority of archaeologists do not agree with these claims because there is no hard evidence to back them up.

The Discovery and Preservation of the Nazca Lines

When a commercial aircraft started flying over the Nazca desert in the late 1920s, passengers reported seeing weird lines and formations on the ground below. This is when the Nazca Lines were first made known to the outside world.

Paul Kosok , an archaeologist, visited the region in 1939 and started examining the lines, thinking that they were connected to astronomy. The Nazca Lines, however, didn’t start to receive considerable notice and study until the 1940s and 1950s.

geoglyphs etched in the ground and surrounded by hills

As mentioned before, the Nazca Lines are now a UNESCO World Heritage property and are under Peruvian government protection. Restricting access to the lines themselves and encouraging responsible tourism practices are just two of the measures taken to protect the lines and stop damage from tourism and other human activity.

The fragile designs are in danger of being damaged or destroyed by erosion, climate change, and other things, thus maintaining the lines has proven to be a difficult issue.

Discover the Cultural Treasure of the Nazca Lines

In summary, the Nazca Lines are a mysterious and interesting cultural treasure that has captured the attention of people all over the world. The lines are composed of complex geometric patterns and animal motifs that are best seen from above.

Scientists and archaeologists have proposed astrological and religious hypotheses concerning their creation, but their purpose and meaning remain a matter of discussion and conjecture. A trip to the Nazca Lines is a once-in-a-lifetime event that provides insight into the ancient cultures and societies that created them, whether seen from a plane or an observation tower.

Overall, the Nazca Lines serve as a reminder of our continued curiosity with the past and the ongoing influence of earlier societies. For that reason, we recommend you include this site in your Peru itinerary.

If you need more help creating the Peru tour of your dreams feel free to send us a mail to [email protected] .

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Diane C29 10 July, 2023 at 7:15 am

The Nazca lines sound like an incredible adventure! Super interesting how they got built and thanks for sharing some helpful information on whats the best way to see them. I think we will add them to our itinerary for September.

Oliver from Exploor 10 July, 2023 at 10:15 am

Hey Diane, thanks for your comment. It really is a unique adventure and we definitely recommend it if you’re into this. Feel free to contact us at [email protected] and one of our travel experts will get back to you in case you have any questions.

All the best for you, Oliver

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Discovering the Mysteries of Nazca Lines: A Complete Guide

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How to Visit the Nazca Lines in Peru

Nasca Lines, Peru

Debate continues to rage over why Peru’s famous Nazca Lines were etched into the sand so many years ago. Despite a number of interesting theories, these archaeological oddities remain shrouded in mystery today. Seeing them for yourself is a highly memorable experience, so read on to let Culture Trip show you how.

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Transport to Nazca

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Nazca’s tiny airport doesn’t serve passenger flights so almost all travelers arrive by bus instead. Buses depart from Lima every half hour or so, take around seven hours, and cost US$25 with Cruz del Sur . Other cheaper companies are available and there are direct connections from most major nearby destinations.

Most travelers rock up to Nazca, check out the lines and jump on the next onward bus that day. Having said that, there are plenty of other attractions for those with an interest in pre-Inca history that would warrant a stay of two days or more.

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Taking to the skies

Once in Nazca, there are only two options for viewing the lines – take a flight or climb the nearby observation tower. Essentially, the best option boils down to your budget.

Flying is undoubtedly preferable as it offers a bird’s eye view of the most important etchings. A word of warning though, the 20-minute flight consists of numerous sharp turns which leave most travelers feeling seriously nauseous. Grab an anti-nausea tablet from a local pharmacy and try not to eat any big meals within a few hours of take off. Early morning departures are best as there tends to be less turbulence and better visibility.

Expect to pay around US$80 per person and try to book with a well-renowned company such as AeroNasca , AeroParacas , or Movil Air .

Viewing them from the ground

visit nazca lines

Budget-orientated backpackers who don’t want to fork out for a flight should consider viewing the lines from the observation tower instead. While clearly inferior to soaring through the sky, this 13-meter (42-foot) tower does provide a reasonable vantage point to admire three separate spectacular lines. Travelers keen to see more can hike to the top of a nearby hill for excellent views of some different lines.

To get there on the cheap, buses and collectivos leave from outside the Cruz del Sur bus station and charge 3 PEN (US$0.90). Alternatively, taxis offer return trips for around 50 PEN (US$15) . Entry into the tower costs just 3 PEN (US$0.90).

Brush up on your history

There’s little point visiting the Nazca lines without doing at least a little research into how these remarkable etchings came to be. Two excellent local museums, the Casa-Museo Maria Reiche and the Museo Antonini , provide detailed information about these ancient pre-Inca people and some of their possible motivations for drawing the lines. There’s also a worthwhile museum located at the airport itself.

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Nazca Lines Flights

Take to the skies and discover the incredible Nazca Lines for yourself! Only truly visible from the skies, there’s no better way to take it all in than a flight over the fascinating geoglyphs carved into the surface.

Second slide

Nazca Lines Viewing Tower

If flights aren’t quite your thing, don’t worry! For a small fee you can climb the famous Nazca observation tower. This is a great way to see the lines for yourself on a budget, and is included with some bus companies, like Peru Hop!

Third slide

Chauchilla Cemetery Tours

There is more to Nazca than just the incredible geoglyphs! The unique environment in the Nazca desert makes it perfect for preservation, and the Chauchilla Cemetery is home to a host of mummies, dating back to the time of the Nazca people.

What was the origins of these mysterious carvings? Check out these possible theories as to why they exist!

Check out some of the craziest theories on the mysterious geoglyphs in the heart of the Nazca desert.

Could these massive carvings have been used as some sort of calendar for the Nazca people? Check out the latest theories!

Where to Stay in Nazca

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Discover the best value for money accommodation in Nazca, don’t miss out!

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Lima to Nazca

Want to escape the hustle and bustle of Lima City? Get from the capital to the Nazca Lines, quick!

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Arequipa to Nazca

Bored of the peaceful Arequipa? Take to the skies for an adrenaline-filled adventure! The fastest way to reach the famous desert city from Arequipa.

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Cusco to Nazca

Are the Nazca Lines next on your bucket list? Get from Cusco and the famous Machu Picchu to the mysterious desert lines in no time!

See What Other Happy Travelers Had to Say!

York, england.

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The pictures just don’t do it justice! I hadn’t planned on visiting Nazca and flying over the geoglyphs but was convinced otherwise by a friend I made in a hostel in Lima. I was so glad I made the journey south to Nazca, I couldn’t believe my eyes. Some of the carvings are just surreal.

Ben Thompson

Sydney, australia.

visit nazca lines

Definitely worth a visit if you’re in Peru. I went on a day tour to the Nazca Lines from Lima and I had an incredible time! The history behind the magical carvings on the desert floor is amazing, hard to believe they were carved such a long time ago.

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How to See the Nazca Lines: Planning Your Trip

The Hummingbird, one of the most recognizable geoglyphs found among the enigmatic Nazca Lines.

The first thing to remember before setting out on a Nazca tour is to bring a water bottle. The vast geoglyphs – some as large as 900 feet – including the famous hummingbird, monkey, and spider, are chiseled onto the dry, canvas-like desert of Nazca. The climate is one of the driest in the world – barely 2 inches of rainfall per year.

You can view the lines by climbing the Mirador, an observation tower perched on a hillside by the Pan-American highway 20 km north of Nazca . This tower overlooks the geoglyphs known as the hands, the lizard, and the tree.

But the best way to see the lines is to take a 30 minute charter flight departing from the small Nazca airport. From 900 ft, you can view the condor, monkey, hummingbird, whale, and others within the half hour. It’s best to take a flight early in the morning between 8am and 10am, or in the mid-afternoon around 3pm and 4:30pm, when there is less air turbulence.

Nazca Tours:

A woman wearing traditional Quechua clothing stands next to an alpaca with a narrow street behind

Kosock was later joined by Maria Reiche, a German mathematician who dedicated her life to studying and preserving the geoglyphs. Reiche, like Kosock, believed the lines represented an astronomical calendar. There is now a Nazca planetarium named after this famous champion of the Lines. Her house in the village of San Pedro, is now a Reiche museum that exhibits her sketches and other artifacts.

One of the most convincing theories is that the lines are likely connected to water worship. The Peruvian archeologist John Isla points to the Nazca people’s intricate irrigation system as evidence that these desert-dwellers had developed an intimate – even worshipful – relationship with water.

Many of these advanced aqueducts still operate today. You can view the Puquios , spiraling wells leading to underground channels, and the aqueduct of Cantalloc , with a guide.

The Nazca society developed around 200 B.C. alongside a river basin that allowed them to grow cotton, beans, corn, and other crops, near the ceremonial center Cahuachi , 28km from Nazca. The Nazca River, which flows underground in some areas, springs up at the foot of this temple. Shells from the coast of northern Peru have also been found at the top of ceremonial altars on glyphs and mountains – most likely imported as offerings to water deities. You can see the latest archeological findings from this site in the Didactic Antonini Museum .

Even the most plausible hypotheses are inconclusive, and the more colorful alternative proposals are downright entertaining. The sci-fi writer Erich von Daniken suggested that the Lines were airstrips for extraterrestrial spacecraft. Jim Woodmann published a book proposing that the Nazca people must have been appreciated their vast geoglyphs via a primitive smoke-propelled hot air balloon. Needless to say, these hypotheses have also been discredited.

The purpose of the Nazca Lines is still a matter of debate, and that is part of their appeal. Visitors take to the skies over Nazca to see these amazing geoglyphs, each in hopes of discovering some key to these enigmatic lines.

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Comments (2):

' src=

June 30, 2010 at 10:15 pm

i was in peru a few years ago and hope to mgo back soon. here are a few tips on what to take with you, especially at the beginninf of the yeAR. HOT WATER BOTTLE, SMALL BEDSIDE LIGHT,BRAS(EVERYBODY IN PERU MUST BE 34B)FLEA POWDER FOR THE BEDS,A WARM JACKET, COLD SORE CREAM,SUN CREAM, WALKING SHOES AND SANDALSPAINKILLERS FOR HANGOVERS,PLUG ADAPTERAND TRAVEL KETTLE.JUST TAKE ONE CHANGE OF CLOTHES AS EVERYTHING IS SO CHEAP. NOT ADVISABLE TAKE CLOTHES HOME DUE TO BEDBUGS,YES THEY WILL GO HO0ME WITH YOU AND THEY ARE ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO GET RID OF. LUV AND GOOD LUCK AND HAVE AS GOOD TIME AS I DID.AUNTY LYDXXX

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Nazca Lines

By: History.com Editors

Updated: August 21, 2018 | Original: December 4, 2017

Aerial view of the Spider (46 meters long) at Nazca Lines, some 435 km south of Lima, Peru on December 11, 2014. Geoglyphs can be seen only from atop the surrounding foothills or from aircrafts. The purpose of the Nazca lines remains unclear, according some scientists the Nazca people created them to be seen by their gods in the sky.

The Nazca Lines are a collection of giant geoglyphs—designs or motifs etched into the ground—located in the Peruvian coastal plain about 250 miles (400 kilometers) south of Lima, Peru. Created by the ancient Nazca culture in South America, and depicting various plants, animals, and shapes, the 2,000-year-old Nazca Lines can only be fully appreciated when viewed from the air given their massive size. Despite being studied for over 80 years, the geoglyphs—which were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994—are still a mystery to researchers.

What Are the Nazca Lines?

There are three basic types of Nazca Lines: straight lines, geometric designs and pictorial representations.

There are more than 800 straight lines on the coastal plain, some of which are 30 miles (48 km) long. Additionally, there are over 300 geometric designs, which include basic shapes such as triangles, rectangles, and trapezoids, as well as spirals, arrows, zig-zags and wavy lines.

The Nazca Lines are perhaps best known for the representations of about 70 animals and plants, some of which measure up to 1,200 feet (370 meters) long. Examples include a spider, hummingbird, cactus plant, monkey, whale, llama, duck, flower, tree, lizard and dog.

The Nazca people also created other forms, such as a humanoid figure (nicknamed “The Astronaut”), hands and some unidentifiable depictions.

In 2011, a Japanese team discovered a new geoglyph that appears to represent a scene of decapitation, which, at about 4.2 meters long and 3.1 meters wide, is far smaller than other Nazca figures and not easily seen from aerial surveys. The Nazca people were known to collect “trophy heads,” and research in 2009 revealed that the majority of trophy skulls came from the same populations as the people they were buried with (rather than outside cultures).

In 2016, the same team found another geoglyph, this time one that depicts a 98-foot-long (30-meter-long) mythical creature that has many legs and spotted markings, and is sticking out its tongue.

And in 2018, Peruvian archaeologists announced they had discovered more than 50 new geoglyphs in the region, using drone technology to map the landmarks in unprecedented detail.

How the Nazca Lines Were Created

Anthropologists believe the Nazca culture, which began around 100 B.C. and flourished from A.D. 1 to 700, created the majority of the Nazca Lines. The Chavin and Paracas cultures, which predate the Nazca, may have also created some of the geoglyphs.

The Nazca Lines are located in the desert plains of the Rio Grande de Nasca river basin, an archaeological site that spans more than 75,000 hectares and is one of the driest places on Earth.

The desert floor is covered in a layer of iron oxide-coated pebbles of a deep rust color. The ancient peoples created their designs by removing the top 12 to 15 inches of rock, revealing the lighter-colored sand below. They likely began with small-scale models and carefully increased the models’ proportions to create the large designs.

Most of the known geoglyphs were formed by removing rocks from only the border of the figures (creating a kind of outline), while others were formed by removing rocks from the interior.

Given the low amount of rain, wind and erosion in the desert, the geoglyphs have remained largely unscathed throughout the centuries.

Nazca Lines and Aliens?

Toribio Mejia Xesspe, a Peruvian archaeologist, began a systematic study of the lines in 1926, but the geoglyphs only gained widespread attention when pilots flew over them in the 1930s. Experts have debated the purpose of the Nazca Lines since then.

In the late 1930s and early 1940s, American historian Paul Kosok studied the geoglyphs from the ground and air. Based on the relative position of one of the lines he studied to the sun around the winter solstice, he concluded that the geoglyphs had an astronomy-related purpose.

Soon after, María Reiche, a German archaeologist and translator, also concluded that the designs had an astronomical and calendrical purpose. She further believed that some of the animal geoglyphs were representative of groups of stars in the sky.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, however, other researchers, including American astronomer Gerald Hawkins, examined the Nazca Lines and disagreed with the astronomical explanation for the geoglyphs. They also poked holes in other far-out explanations, such as those relating to aliens or ancient astronauts.

Purpose of the Nazca Lines

More recent research suggested that the Nazca Lines’ purpose was related to water, a valuable commodity in the arid lands of the Peruvian coastal plain. The geoglyphs weren’t used as an irrigation system or a guide to find water, but rather as part of a ritual to the gods—an effort to bring much-needed rain.

Some scholars point to the animal depictions—some of which are symbols for rain, water or fertility and have been found at other ancient Peruvian sites and on pottery—as evidence of this theory.

In 2015, researchers presenting at the 80th annual meeting of the Society for American Archeology argued that the purpose of the Nazca Lines changed over time. Initially, pilgrims heading to Peruvian temple complexes used the geoglyphs as ritual processional routes. Later groups, as part of a religious rite, smashed ceramic pots on the ground at the point of intersection between lines.

Conservation Issues

Unlike other relics throughout the world, the Nazca Lines are largely spared from unintentional destruction, thanks to their location. But the geoglyphs aren’t completely safe.

In 2009, the Nazca Lines suffered the first recorded instance of rain damage. Heavy downpours flowing off the Pan-American Highway—a network of roads that connects nearly all countries in the Americas with a Pacific coast—deposited sand and clay onto three fingers of the hand-shaped geoglyph.

Five years later, environmental group Greenpeace damaged an area near the hummingbird geoglyph during a media stunt. The activists disturbed the upper layer of rocks by the hummingbird when they trampled through the forbidden area of the desert to lay down a large sign that promotes renewable energy.

And in 2018, a commercial truck driver was arrested after he drove onto a portion of the Nazca Lines, etching deep scars into an area roughly 100 feet by 330 feet (about 50 meters by 100 meters). The damage caused by the truck driver renewed calls for greater security and surveillance at the sites.

Nasca Lines. National Geographic . Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa. UNESCO . Knudson et al. (2009). “The geographic origins of Nasca trophy heads using strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope data.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology . Mysterious Nazca Line Geoglyphs Formed Ancient Pilgrimage Route. LiveScience . 100-Foot Image of Mythical Creature Discovered in Peru. LiveScience . Team finds more Peru geoglyphs. Japan Times . The origins of Peru’s mysterious Nasca Lines. BBC . Rains damage Peru’s Nazca lines. The Telegraph . Peru Is Indignant After Greenpeace Makes Its Mark on Ancient Site. New York Times . Truck driver plows into Peru’s 2,000-year-old archeological enigma. CNN . Exclusive: Massive Ancient Drawings Found in Peruvian Desert. National Geographic .

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Why visit the Nazca Lines?

Etched into the desolate expanse of peru’s sechura desert are the remarkable and mystifying nazca lines..

Some 300 ancient geoglyphs, which date between 400 and 650 AD, depict various figures, with five being the most prominent; the hummingbird, the monkey, the hands and the astronaut. A UNESCO World Heritage Site described as “the most outstanding group of geoglyphs anywhere in the world”, the Nazca Lines cover a staggering 1 000 square kilometres.

Created by the Nazca people, no one truly knows why the geoglyphs were made – some believe they are related to astronomy or that they were a way for the tribe to connect with their gods in the sky. The best way to view and appreciate the sheer scale of the Nazca Lines are from above on a scenic flight.

  • View the mysterious Nazca Lines, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Some 300 ancient geoglyphs are etched into the dry landscapes of Nazca.
  • Enjoy a scenic flight over Nazca Lines – the best way to view and photograph these mysterious landmarks.
  • Visit the home of Maria Reiche, a long-term researcher of the Nazca Lines. Upon her death, her house was turned into a small museum.
  • Discover the nearby geoglyphs of the Palpa Lines.
  • Explore the ruins of Cahuachi, regarded as “one of the most important known Nazca centres”. The site features ancient pyramids and a graveyard.

Summer (December to March) 17°C/63°F to 27°C/81°F

Winter (June to September) 13°C/55°F to 20°C/68°F

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Nazca: How Best to Visit and See The Nazca Lines

visit nazca lines

  •   Nazca
  •   Paracas
  •   Peru
  •   Safe to Fly

visit nazca lines

Nazca observation tower

visit nazca lines

Travel Guide to visiting the Nazca Lines in Peru.

The Nazca lines are high on the list of places to see for many visitors to Peru.  They are World Heritage listed and are one of history’s great mysteries.

No one really knows why the lines were constructed nor exactly how.

It is thought that the Nazca lines were etched into the desert back in 600 to 700 Ad. The Nazca culture is one of the most important of the pre-Hispanic cultures of Peru, dating from 100 BC to 700 AD. It extended through several desert valley, the Nazca Valley, Pisco, Chincha, Ica, Palpa, and Acarí valleys.

As well as the Nazca lines the culture is well known for its mummification, extensive desert irrigation and pottery.

Is it worth visiting Nazca?

A visit to Nazca is well worth it for anyone interested in the pre-Inca cultures. The Nazca lines are just one of several important Nazca sites and a day or two in and around Nazca will allow time to explore.

How do I get to Nazca?

The only way to get to Nazca is by road. The journey takes seven hours from Lima. You can break the trip in Paracas which lies about half way between the two. Nazca itself has a tiny air strip outside the town but it is not used for scheduled flights, just for over flights of the lines. From Nazca return to Lima or continue to Arequipa, approx 9 hours by road. You can also drive to Cusco, with a stop over in Abancay, over 2 days.

visit nazca lines

What is the best way to see the Nazca lines?

There are two options for viewing the lines – take a flight or go up the observation tower.  The tower is just outside the town of Nazca. It is 13 meters high and gives a good view of 2 of the lines; the tree and the hands.

Flying is the better way to view the lines, offering a fabulous view over the whole pampa. However, there have been many safety issues with the airlines and several accidents over the years.  it is worth satisfying yourself that you are OK with this before signing up.  In addition pilots make numerous sharp turns in the small aircraft,  which could leave you feeling nauseous.

An alternative, if you choose to fly, is to take one of the 90 minute flights from Ica or Pisco. Again, check the safety record of the airlines involved. I recommend taking two or three days to make a trip south from Lima staying overnight in Paracas. As well as the Nazca flight, visit the scenic Paracas reserve, the wildlife rich Ballestas Islands and in Ica the museum with fabulous mummies and Paracas textiles, the Huacachina oasis and perhaps add in a winery as well.

visit nazca lines

Safety Tips for Flying over the Nazca Lines

Read this excellent article on safety tips for flying over the Nazca lines .

Nazca town today

Nazca is not an appealing town, and were it not for the intriguing world famous Nazca Lines there would seem little reason to visit.  However, the Nazca civilisation was one of Peru’s most important and influential and in addition to the lines, the archaeological remains, mummies and ceramics are fascinating.  Nazca has a rather rundown look and feel about it partly because of the dry, warm climate which obviates the need to construct solid buildings and also because it has suffered considerable damage from earthquakes, and seems to be perpetually undergoing reconstruction.

Nazca History

The Nazca culture is closely related to the Paracas culture from which it developed in the 3rd to 7th century AD.  The Nazcans were expert artists, craftsmen and engineers, creating an ingenious system of hydraulics that enabled them to survive in the arid coastal plains of the Peruvian desert, where it virtually never rains.  The administrative centre of the civilisation is thought to have been at Cahuachi, which is 20km from where Nazca is today.  Nazca art work, with its many symbols of war including trophy heads, sling shots, and depictions of fighting, indicates that they were a warrior people.  However, a wide representation of animals, birds, and stylised figures seen in the Nazca lines, textiles and ceramics indicate a more complex society with an intricate religion and system of beliefs.

What are the Nazca lines?

On the Pampas de Nazca, covering an area of 350 square kilometres, are the world famous Nazca Lines.  Something of an enigma, the lines consist of huge etchings of animals and geometric shapes stretching out as far as the eye can see across the desert pampa.  They have been protected and made famous by Maria Reich, a German born mathematician.  She carried out tireless investigations on the lines, surveying and measuring the figures and trying to correlate the lines with the rising and setting, sun, moon and stars.  She lived in Nazca from the 1940s until her recent death in 1998.  Since the lines were first spotted from the air early this century there has been endless speculation as to their purpose, especially as they cover too vast an area to be appreciated from the ground.  They were mostly made by the Nazcans over a period of time from AD 500, by the simple technique of scraping away the dark red-brown top soil and lining the scraped out yellow-white subsoil with small stones.  Some of the figures may be from much earlier, as many as 2,000years ago.  It’s possible the shapes were used for ritual or religious purposes, processions of people tracing their outline, or shamans following the lines on drug induced spiritual journeys.  Many of the animals are frequently used spirit helpers to jungle shamans today.  One of the largest figures is of the Andean condor, it is 110m long and has five straight lines crossing its body.  There are eighteen bird figures in total and many other animals such as the monkey, dog, whale, spider, and lizard.  Just as impressive are the large numbers of straight lines and trapezoids, which cover the pampa every which way, ignoring the topography in their straightness, and defying explanation.

What is there to see and do in the Nazca area?

  •  If you are in Nazca take a couple of hours to visit the Nazca potters of today, making replica pots.
  • There are two museums worth visiting in Nazca, the Casa-Museo Maria Reiche and the Museo Antonini. The museums provide detailed information about the Nazca people and some theories about the lines.
  • The Cementerio de Chauchilla 28 km to the south of Nazca on the Pan American highway is a Nazca cemetery which has been ravaged by huaqueros,  leaving only bits of mummies and fragments of pots lying around the desert.  It is still worth seeing as it is quite an incongruous sight, and maybe a bit disturbing.
  • The Nazca planetarium based at the Nazca Hotel where Maria Reiche lived for a while, has evening films and a chance to enjoy the clear desert star filled nights.
  • The aqueducts of Cantalloc.  4km from the centre of Nazca are intriguing spiral rock lined holes into the ground give access to the network of underground aqueducts built by the ancient Nazcans to irrigate their crops. This hydraulic system was known as puquio.  The channels were roofed with stones and planks of wood and every 10-20m eyes were built which permitted cleaning of the channels and access to the water.  These channels were up to 10m underground and an average of 500m long.  There are 30–40km of rock and wood lined tunnels running through the valley.
  • Paredones.  Thought to have been a Nazca temple, this site of adobe is in poor condition with little to see.  There is a private collection of craniums and bits of mummies and ceramics collected from the site.
  • Museo de Maria Reiche.  27km from Nazca on the Pan American highway is the house of Maria Reiche, the well known German mathematician, protector and enthusiastic researcher of the lines.  She died in 1998 and her tomb is next to her house, which is now a museum.
  • Lomas.  90km from Nazca to the north is the small seaside town of Lomas.  It is a good beach though can be rough for swimming and popular with the people from Nazca at weekends and in summer months.
  • Cahuachi.  27km south of the lines near the river Nazca, you find the archaeological remains of what was probably the principal city of the Nazca culture, a ceremonial centre including forty temple mounds and vast plazas.  Nearby is the Estaquería where you see huarango wooden stakes up to 2 metres tall probably used as some sort of supporting structure or even a solar observatory.  There are several cemeteries in this area too.

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Ecuador’s best lodge-to-lodge hiking tour

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Our lodge-to-lodge hiking tour offers the best trekking in Ecuador in comfort. Ecuador is one of the best Andean countries for trekking and day walks. On this lodge-to-lodge hiking tour, you experience fabulous expansive mountain vistas and volcanoes wherever you look. Enjoy views over deeply carved valleys, vast plains and a picturesque patchwork of fields. You’ll also enjoy diverse wildlife and flora, rich cultures, and interactions with friendly local people. The tour takes you through three of Ecuador’s most beautiful mountain regions: Cotopaxi, Quilotoa and Chimborazo. Full details of our Lodge-to-Lodge 13-day Trekking Tour, Ecuador.     Lodges and Guesthouses Used …

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Why you should visit the Nazca lines?

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Extending over an area of about 190 square miles (500 square km), the Nazca Lines are an incredible sight to behold.

Why You Should Visit the Nazca Lines in Peru and What You Need to Know About Them

These geoglyphs are located about 250 miles (400 km) south of Lima, Peru. The lines were made between 500 BC and 500 AD by removing a layer of rocks and dirt to expose the light-colored sand underneath. They have been preserved for thousands of years thanks to the dry desert climate.

You’ve likely seen the images of the spider, hummingbird, or monkey, but there are over 800 straight lines, 300 geometric figures, and 70 biomorphs (animal and plant designs) with still more being discovered by drones.

There are many reasons for you to check them out on your visit to Peru, but here are the top four reasons to put the Nazca Lines on your itinerary.

Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994, the Nazca Lines are unparalleled in their extent, magnitude, quantity, size, diversity, and ancient tradition by any other geoglyphs in the world. 

If you visit this spot, you will undoubtedly find yourself in awe at the sheer grandeur of these creations. Some of the lines are hundreds of yards long, and one of the longest straight lines is about 12 miles (20 km) long. The combined length of all the lines totals to over 800 miles (1,300 km).

Can you imagine the effort it must have taken these ancient peoples to create such magnificent pieces of art? We can only wonder at how many people must have worked on them and how long it took them to create each figure. Why wouldn’t you want to see these creations in person and up close?

1. These Geoglyphs Are Unmatched

2. the mystery.

Though there is much speculation about why the Nazca Lines were created, no one knows their purpose for certain. Theories range from ancient people using them as astronomical calendars to creating them as landing strips for alien spacecraft. 

Recent research suggests that they are related to rituals and water. Some scientists believe that they were offerings to the gods for rain. Other researchers propose that they lines may have pointed to nearby water sources. As one of the driest deserts on earth, rain and water would be very important to the ancient people who lived there.

There is no shortage of theories surrounding these mysterious lines. You may just have to travel to them yourself to uncover what you believe. Who knows, maybe seeing them will spark something in you, and you may even come up with your own theory behind these geoglyphs.

3. Far Fewer Visitors Than Machu Picchu or Lima

If you love to travel, but don’t love crowds, the Nazca Lines are the perfect destination for you.

Over 1.5 million people visit Muchu Picchu ever year, which averages to about 2,500 per day, and in 2019 Lima had 2.76 million tourists visit. The Nazca Lines, however, receive far fewer visitors, making them a great less-crowded destination in Peru.

If you’re well-traveled, chances are you’ve been to magnificent places—that were ruined by the horde of people around you. In those areas, if you want a picture with no one in it, you have to have good timing and a lot of patience, and even then, you might still get the odd photobomber in the background of your otherwise perfect picture. 

At the Nazca Lines, you’ll be able to truly enjoy the wonderous sights without fighting a giant crowd to get a good look at them.

4.Thrilling Plane Ride

Looking for something to satisfy your sense of adventure ? There are two main ways to see the Nazca Lines: by a plane or an observation tower.

Each plane holds about 10 to 12 people, and every person gets a window seat—another way you don’t have to fight off crowds to see the lines. The plane ride can last 30 minutes to an hour, and many say it is the best way to see the lines in all their glory.

These rides can be bumpy and turbulent due to the wind around the desert, and the pilots may dive or turn the plane so that people on both sides can have great views of the lines. However, this means that the ride can be quite thrilling. If you love daring adventures, you’ll feel right at home on this ride.

However, if you are not so keen on the idea of experiencing that, you can prepare with nausea medication or use the bags in the plane should the nausea become too much. Another option is viewing the lines from the observation tower. The plane ride provides the best views; however, the observation tower is still a great—and cheaper—option. You’ll be able to see the lines up close, which can give you a better sense for how grand the feat of making them was.

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IMAGES

  1. Peru's Cultural Highlights & Nazca Lines

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  2. Why should I visit the Nazca Lines in Peru?

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  3. Nazca: How Best to Visit and See The Nazca Lines

    visit nazca lines

  4. Nazca Lines in Peru: How to visit these mysterious geoglyphs in the

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  5. Nazca Lines and Paracas Overnight

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  6. Nazca Lines Sights & Attractions

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VIDEO

  1. Nazca Lines Flight

  2. Terrible Nazca Lines Theories

  3. The Nazca Lines

  4. Nazca lines tour guide

  5. Nazca Lines Ancient Geoglyphs

  6. Nazca Lines (MYSTERY)

COMMENTS

  1. How to visit the Nazca Lines in Peru

    The best way to see the Nazca Lines is from the air. There are multiple daily flights, lasting about 75 minutes each, that depart from Pisco Airport. If you've ever gotten frustrated by a long ...

  2. How to Visit the Nazca Lines in Peru

    Once in Nazca, there are only two options for viewing the lines - take a flight or climb the nearby observation tower. Essentially, the best option boils down to your budget. Flying is undoubtedly preferable as it offers a bird's eye view of the most important etchings. A word of warning though, the 20-minute flight consists of numerous ...

  3. Nazca Lines: Complete Visitor's Guide

    The Nazca Lines are located in Peru. Specifically, they are located in the coastal deserts and dry plateaus of Peru about 260 miles south of Lima, the capital city. The lines extend across 19 square miles of arid land between the cities of Nazca and Palpa. The most common way tourists reach the Nazca Lines is by bus.

  4. Nazca Lines

    The Nazca Lines are located about 400 kilometres / 250 miles south of Lima. The shapes are located in an almost 75,000-ha area of the Nazca desert. This part of the plateau is known as Pampas de Jumana and located between the towns of Nazca and Palpa. The most famous shapes of the Nazca lines are just south of San Miguel.

  5. Nazca: Complete Travel Guide

    You need one to two days to visit the Nazca Lines. There are two main ways to fit the Nazca Lines into your itinerary. Option 1 is a 2-day side trip from Lima. Day 1: Lima to Paracas by car/bus and then go to the Pisco airport for a Nazca Lines flight, overnight in Paracas; Day 2: Ballestas Islands tour, option for Paracas National Reserve tour ...

  6. Nazca Lines Peru Guide: Tours, Hiking, Maps, Buildings, Facts, and

    The Nazca Lines are a group of geoglyphs made in the Nasca desert in southern Peru. They were created between 500 BC and 500 AD by members of the Nasca civilization. There are two main phases of the Nazca lines: the Paracas phase, from 400 to 200 BC, and the Nasca phase, from 200 BC to 500 AD. As of this year, 2022 even 168 new figures have ...

  7. Nazca Lines 2024: Everything You Need to Know

    Everything you need to know to visit the mysterious Nazca Lines in 2024, from how to get there, the best tours and more! Found in the heart of the Ica desert of southern Peru, the Nazca lines are a collection of enormous geoglyphs carved into the desert's surface. Although the incredible carvings have yet to be dated exactly, it is estimated ...

  8. Discovering the Mysteries of Nazca Lines: A Complete Guide

    When Is the Best Time to Visit the Nazca Lines? The dry season, which typically runs from May to November, is the ideal time to explore Nazca, which is one of the must-visit cities in Peru. The average high and low temperatures during this time are 27°C (81°F) and 15°C (59°F).

  9. Nazca Lines Travel Guide: Everything You Need to Know

    Nazca people created the lines by scraping off the top layer by removing the oxidized dark layer to reveal a yellow and lighter subsoil underneath. This colored pampa floor lies only 10 - 15 centimeters below the top layer, but it is enough, and the lines are very clearly visible from above.

  10. How to Visit the Nazca Lines in Peru

    There's little point visiting the Nazca lines without doing at least a little research into how these remarkable etchings came to be. Two excellent local museums, the Casa-Museo Maria Reiche and the Museo Antonini, provide detailed information about these ancient pre-Inca people and some of their possible motivations for drawing the lines.

  11. Nazca Lines: The Official Nazca Lines Tour Website!

    Definitely worth a visit if you're in Peru. I went on a day tour to the Nazca Lines from Lima and I had an incredible time! The history behind the magical carvings on the desert floor is amazing, hard to believe they were carved such a long time ago. Shots From The Sky.

  12. Nazca Lines

    Nazca & Around. Spread over 500 sq km (310 sq mi) of arid, rock-strewn plain in the Pampa Colorada (Red Plain), the Nazca Lines are one of the world's great archaeological mysteries. Comprising over 800 straight lines, 300 geometric figures (geoglyphs) and 70 animal and plant drawings (biomorphs), the lines are almost imperceptible on the ground.

  13. How To See The Nazca Lines

    The Nazca Lines, Peru, also spelt Nasca Lines, are an enigmatic example of ancient South American culture. Dominating the Nazca desert, these geoglyphs have scientists, historians and experts forever intrigued. Many theories attempt to explain the origins of the Nazca Lines, varying from the wild (aliens did it!) to the more sensible (irrigation).

  14. Nazca & Around travel

    Nazca & Around. Peru, South America. 'Nazca Lines' refers to the ancient geometric lines that crisscross the Nazca desert and the enigmatic animal geoglyphs that accompany them. Like all great unexplained mysteries, these great etchings on the pampa, thought to have been made by a pre-Inca civilization between AD 450 and 600, attract a ...

  15. HOW TO VISIT THE NAZCA LINES

    The Nazca Lines are located in the Nazca Desert in southern Peru. HOW TO VISIT THE NAZCA LINES. Here are the general steps to plan your visit: Travel to Peru: Start by flying to Peru. The closest major city to the Nazca Lines is Nazca itself, but many travelers arrive in Lima, the capital of Peru, and then take a bus or a flight to Nazca.

  16. How to See the Nazca Lines: Planning Your Trip

    But the best way to see the lines is to take a 30 minute charter flight departing from the small Nazca airport. From 900 ft, you can view the condor, monkey, hummingbird, whale, and others within the half hour. It's best to take a flight early in the morning between 8am and 10am, or in the mid-afternoon around 3pm and 4:30pm, when there is ...

  17. Nazca Lines

    The Nazca Lines are located in the desert plains of the Rio Grande de Nasca river basin, an archaeological site that spans more than 75,000 hectares and is one of the driest places on Earth.

  18. How to See the Nazca Lines

    When planning how to visit the Nazca Lines on a Peru tour, plan on staying in the small city of Nazca, about a day's drive from Lima, and explore the Nazca ruins and the lines themselves. Spend the night in a Nazca hotel, then get up early and take a short, 30-minute overflight to see the best of the Nazca Lines. Peer out over the desert ...

  19. Why visit the Nazca Lines?

    Visit the home of Maria Reiche, a long-term researcher of the Nazca Lines. Upon her death, her house was turned into a small museum. Discover the nearby geoglyphs of the Palpa Lines. Explore the ruins of Cahuachi, regarded as "one of the most important known Nazca centres". The site features ancient pyramids and a graveyard. Climate

  20. Nazca: How Best to Visit and See The Nazca Lines

    The Nazca lines are high on the list of places to see for many visitors to Peru. They are World Heritage listed and are one of history's great mysteries. No one really knows why the lines were constructed nor exactly how. It is thought that the Nazca lines were etched into the desert back in 600 to 700 Ad. The Nazca culture is one of the most ...

  21. Why you should visit the Nazca lines?

    If you love to travel, but don't love crowds, the Nazca Lines are the perfect destination for you. Over 1.5 million people visit Muchu Picchu ever year, which averages to about 2,500 per day, and in 2019 Lima had 2.76 million tourists visit. The Nazca Lines, however, receive far fewer visitors, making them a great less-crowded destination in Peru.

  22. How to Get to the Nazca Lines

    Nazca is the base from which most travelers choose to visit the famous Nazca Lines, the 300-odd geoglyphs mysteriously etching the desert nearby.The sight is undeniably one of the most impressive sights in Peru, and certainly in coastal Peru. The city of Nazca is located almost halfway between Lima and Arequipa in terms of road travel time. Nazca does have an airport, but this is used only for ...

  23. Lima to the Nazca Lines

    By Bus and Plane. Duration: 8-9 hours. Buses run at least hourly throughout the day/week from Lima to Nazca. Bus companies plying the Lima-Nazca route include luxury operator Cruz del Sur, who have around 18 daily departures from their Javier Prado terminal at all times of the day. Most buses are direct; you can also change in Pisco or Ica.

  24. National Geographic

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