vaccination before travel to belize

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Belize to Welcome Vaccinated Travelers — No COVID Testing Required

You must wait at least two weeks after you're fully inoculated.

vaccination before travel to belize

Belize has become the first country in the Caribbean to allow vaccinated travelers to visit without a COVID-19 test.

Vaccinated travelers now need only to present a vaccination record card, with full inoculation completed at least two weeks before their arrival into Belize. They must also download the Belize Health App and input the required health information within 72 hours prior to landing in Belize.

"The decision to ease the restriction on travelers who have received the COVID vaccine has been facilitated by the reduction in daily new cases across the country," reps for the Belize Tourism Board said in a statement, Caribbean Journal reported . "Belize has been very successful in its efforts to control the transmission of COVID-19 over the past few weeks; presently, there are less than 100 active cases countrywide, and the numbers have been consistently decreasing."

Non-vaccinated travelers must continue to present a negative COVID-19 test to enter Belize. Belize will accept a PCR test taken within 96 hours of travel or a rapid antigen test taken within 48 hours of travel. Those who fail to present a test will be required to undergo one upon arrival at the airport at a cost of $50 (payable only in cash). Travelers who test positive for COVID-19 at the airport will be placed under a mandatory 14-day quarantine, according to the Belize Tourism Board.

When flying out of Belize to return to the U.S. or other countries that require a negative COVID-19 test for entry, Belize's Ministry of Health and Wellness has established additional testing at the airport.

For more information on Belize's travel requirements, including a link to the required Belize Health App, visit the Travel Belize website .

Belize reopened for international tourism in October and has since been awarded the Safe Travels Stamp , a global safety and hygiene stampy developed by the World Travel and Tourism Council.

Cailey Rizzo is a contributing writer for Travel Leisure, currently based in Brooklyn. You can find her on Twitter, Instagram , or at caileyrizzo.com .

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Travel safely to Belize with Passport Health's travel vaccinations and advice.

Travel Vaccines and Advice for Belize

Passport Health offers a variety of options for travellers throughout the world.

Belize is bursting with culture and tropical fun for all types of travellers. Whether exploring archaeological sites, studying culture or venturing in the wild, Belize has a bit of everything.

The district of Cayo is the perfect destination for history fans, archeologists at heart and for those who love to learn. The world famous Hol Chan Marine Reserve in San Pedro offers tourists the chance to swim with a variety of sea life, including rays and sharks. Travellers can also make their way to Belize City with its amazing museums and adventures.

Rich in culture, nature and adventure, Belize is the perfect destination for a every traveller.

Do I Need Vaccines for Belize?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Belize. The National Travel Health Network and Centre and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Belize: COVID-19 , hepatitis A , hepatitis B , typhoid , yellow fever , rabies , polio and tetanus .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunisations:

  • COVID-19 – Airborne – Recommended for all travellers
  • Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travellers to the region, especially if unvaccinated.
  • Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Accelerated schedule available
  • Tetanus – Wounds or Breaks in Skin – Recommended for travelers to most regions, especially if not previously vaccinated.
  • Typhoid – Food & Water – Jab lasts 3 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
  • Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if travelling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
  • Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-stay travellers and those who may come in contact with animals.
  • Polio – Food & Water – Required if arriving from a region with active polio transmission. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended.

See the tables below for more information:

There is a risk of contracting the Zika virus in Belize. Be sure to use mosquito repellents, netting and wear protective clothing. Malaria and dengue are also present in some regions. Antimalarials may be recommended based on your itinerary. Speak with a travel health specialist to learn more.

Visit our vaccinations page to learn more. Travel safely with Passport Health and schedule your appointment today by calling or book online now .

Do I Need a Passport or Visa for Belize?

A visa is not required to enter Belize. Travellers can enter for a limited time. A fee can be paid for extending your stay. Passports must be valid for at least six months. Proof of yellow fever vaccination may be required if you are travelling from a region where yellow fever is present.

Sources: Embassy of Belize and GOV.UK

What Is The Climate Like In Belize?

The climate in Belize is tropical and warm. The country’s dry season ranges from about February to April, the rainy season from May to December. Even in the cooler months (December to February) the average temperatures are in the 20’s.

While the climate is consistent throughout Belize, the weather may vary by region. Here is what to expect in a few tourist destinations:

  • Belize City – Temperatures remain pretty consistent from month to month. Summers can be hot at 32, with winters at 26. Belize City has a short dry season with rain throughout the rest of the year.
  • Belmopan – The capital of Belize experiences frequent rains. The temperature is warm, with highs in the 30’s.
  • San Ignacio – While rain is abundant during this region’s wet season, it is drier than areas like Belize City. Temperatures range from 25 to 30 degrees.

How Safe Is Belize?

There are high levels of criminal activity in Belize. The most troubled areas are southern Belize City and along the country’s borders. These areas should be avoided if possible.

Tourists are prime targets for crime. Petty theft, pick-pocketing, credit card fraud and similar crime is not uncommon. Various cases of sexual harassment do occur, especially when travelling alone or in small groups. When going out, never go out on your own and stay with as many people that you trust as you can.

Crime rates remain high in Belize. The majority of crimes are reportedly unsolved. It is difficult for local police to investigate and prosecute many of the reported incidents. Travel with care and always be aware of your surroundings.

Snorkeling and Swimming In Belize

The seasides of Belize are blue, bright and beautiful. The waters teem with sea creatures and corals, a kaleidoscope of colours and life. It’s no wonder that tourists come from around the globe to snorkel and swim in the oceans around Belize. Some of the most popular spots include the Hol Chan Marine Reserve and Ambergris Caye.

Snorkeling can bring you face-to-face with situations that can overwhelm the unprepared. Ensure the equipment you rent or buy, such as the snorkel and your swimming fins, are high-quality. A good snorkel will not allow water to come down the breathing tube, and the right fins will protect your feet and save you valuable energy whilst swimming.

Secure all dangling or loose aspects of your gear, as it can damage the reefs or catch on animals. Do not touch any of the wildlife you encounter whilst snorkeling or swimming in Belize waters. This can stress the animal and many of them could injure you.

Do not touch any of the coral reefs. They are fragile, and any part of the reef that is touched will die.

What Should I Pack for Belize?

Besides travel documents and medications, there are some other key items to ensure are in your luggage.

  • Insect Repellent – With Zika, dengue and malaria in Belize, you should pack insect spray. Packing a repellent with at least 20%-30% DEET will help keep perilous pests away.
  • Camera – You will want to bring a camera to snap photos of the Mayan ruins, the ocean, the jungle, the animals and all the other wonders Belize has to offer.
  • Airy Clothing and Shorts – While you may want to bring some nicer clothes for going out, days will be hot and humid. Wearing shorts and loose clothing allows your skin to breath and will keep you cool.
  • Sun Cream – Pack sun cream to protect your skin and prevent sunburn. Even if it is rainy, your skin may still be damaged in the warm, tropical temperatures.
  • Snorkeling or Swim Gear – If you know that you plan to swim or snorkel, save money and peace of mind by bringing your preferred gear with you. If you know you will be snorkeling, consider packing your own snorkel and swim fins. Always bring more than one bathing suit.

Embassy of the United Kingdom in Belize

If you are in Belize and have an emergency (for example, been attacked, arrested or someone has died) contact the nearest consular services. Contact the embassy before arrival if you have additional questions on entry requirements, safety concerns or are in need of assistance.

British High Commission Belmopan North Ring Road/Melhado Parade (Entrance via North Ring Road) PO Box 91 Belmopan Belize Telephone: +501 822 2146/2147/2717/2981 Emergency Phone: 00 501 822 2146 Contact Form: Click Here

Stay safe abroad with Passport Health. Ring or book online now and start travelling safely today!

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines For Belize? Do I Need a Passport or Visa for Belize? What Is The Climate Like In Belize? How Safe Is Belize? Snorkeling and Swimming In Belize What Should I Pack for Belize? Embassy of the United Kingdom in Belize

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Belize Has New Rules for Vaccinated Travelers

Belize was the first Caribbean destination to waive pre-testing requirements for fully vaccinated visitors. 

But following similar moves by a number of Caribbean destinations, Belize will now require all travelers, vaccinated and unvaccinated to prevent a negative PCR test. 

All travelers must present a negative PCR test taken and received within 96 hours of travel or a negative antigen rapid test taken within 48 hours of travel. 

If no test is presented, a test will be administered at the airport for a fee of $50 per passenger. 

vaccination before travel to belize

Children under the age of 5 years old will not be required to present a negative test; children five and over will have to present a negative test, however. 

Belize has undertaken one of the more successful tourism reopenings in the Caribbean since initially reopening to travelers late last summer. 

It’s the latest in a growing number of Caribbean destinations that now require testing for vaccinated travelers, including moves in the last month by The Bahamas and Aruba, among others.

For more on how to visit Belize, see the full list of entry travel protocols here . 

For more, visit the Belize Tourism Board .

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Belize Travel Restrictions

Traveler's COVID-19 vaccination status

Traveling from the United States to Belize

Open for vaccinated visitors

COVID-19 testing

Not required

Not required for vaccinated visitors

Restaurants

Not required in public spaces, enclosed environments and public transportation.

Documents & Additional resources

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Can I travel to Belize from the United States?

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Belize.

Can I travel to Belize if I am vaccinated?

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Belize without restrictions.

Can I travel to Belize without being vaccinated?

Unvaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Belize without restrictions.

Do I need a COVID test to enter Belize?

Visitors from the United States are not required to present a negative COVID-19 PCR test or antigen result upon entering Belize.

Can I travel to Belize without quarantine?

Travelers from the United States are not required to quarantine.

Do I need to wear a mask in Belize?

Mask usage in Belize is not required in public spaces, enclosed environments and public transportation.

Are the restaurants and bars open in Belize?

Restaurants in Belize are open. Bars in Belize are .

vaccination before travel to belize

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Belize Travel Restrictions and Travel Updates

Everything you need to know before you visit belize., last update: november 1, 2023, new updates as of december 2023:.

  • Goff's Caye is now reopened for all visitors.
  • ADO Bus service to/from Mexico resumed on May 1st.
  • Fuente del Norte bus service to/from Guatemala resumed on April 21st.
  • Local Travel Insurance is still available for all visitors (NOT mandatory).
  • NO TESTING is required for entry or exit. Regardless of vaccination status.
  • The Belize Zoo has now reopened after the recent hurricane. 
  • Day Trips to Tikal are now allowed.
  • Everything is fully reopened, with no restrictions!
  • On July 12, 2022, the new Statutory Instrument #100 , repealed all the public health measures.
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Pre-travel checklist:, ✅ gold standard accommodation., are gold standard hotels mandatory, ✅ travel insurance, ✅ transportation., belize entry requirements & travel restrictions, mask, curfew & other restrictions, entry from land borders and seaports.

  • NO TESTING required .
  • (Optional) Stay at Gold Standard accommodations .
  • (Optional) Use Gold Standard transportation  - You can now take public bus, private transport, or any mode of transport.

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As of May 15, 2021 The Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of Culture and History (IA/NICH) announced that  archaeological reserves are open to visitation . You can visit all the attractions, including the ATM Cave , Barton Creek Cave , and Nohoch Che'en Cave . 

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Belizing.com enables direct booking with local licensed providers in Belize. Since your booking is direct with each service provider, you may be restricted by their cancelation policy. The main question is whether and how much refund you may get. In most cases, we believe you can get a full refund. Contact the Service Provider First. We recommend messaging the service provider via your Belizing Inbox before canceling your booking. If YOU cancel the booking, then the refund policy of the service provider applies and no automatic refund may be provided. If the SERVICE PROVIDER cancels the booking, then you will always get a FULL refund. For this reason, we recommend communicating with the service provider first  to ask if they agree to a full refund. If yes, ask them to initiate the cancelation from their Belizing Inbox. Consider Changing your Date.  We recommend considering a date change for your travel plans. Some cancelations may incur a fee or 3 to 30% depending on the policy from the service provider. There is no fee to change your travel dates. You must communicate with the service provider to agree on a new date or to hold your booking until you have confirmed new travel dates. Check your Confirmation Email. Please check your booking confirmation email for the cancelation policy that applies to your booking. The email will include your voucher number, as well as the details of the cancelation timeline and fees that may apply. Check your junkmail folder if you cannot find the email. Please reference your voucher number when communicating with your service provider or Belizing.com staff.  If you do not agree with any decision by the service provider, then Belizing.com staff can mediate to find a resolution. You can contact us directly at [email protected]  or message us on Facebook . We are here to help and we understand the frustration that this pandemic is causing to both travelers and tour companies alike.

How will my refund be processed?

All refunds for bookings made on Belizing.com or via Belizing Payments are automatically processed to your original form of payment. Once your refund is processed, it may take 5 to 10 business days for you to see it in your credit card statement. Refunds will show as a credit to your account. Please do NOT dispute the charges. If you do not see the credit within 10 days, please contact us at [email protected]

Travel Insurance

Travel insurance is always a good idea for international travel. You should also check coverage offered by your credit cards used to pay for your bookings. However, if you’re purchasing it due to concerns related to COVID-19, be sure to read the policy carefully as rules may differ by company. Travel insurance may not widely cover cancellation or offer the travel flexibility you’re seeking. We recommend checking with your insurance provider to determine whether you are covered.

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Belize rolls back in country COVID-19 restrictions but entry requirements remain in effect

Melissa Yeager

Apr 7, 2022 • 2 min read

Photo Taken In Placencia, Belize

Belize has rolled back some of its internal COVID-19 restrictions. © Getty Images/EyeEm

Home to  the Great Blue Hole , the second largest barrier reef, and lush tropical landscape, Belize's natural beauty made it a popular destination for those looking to get outdoors. 

Now the Central American country, selected as one of Lonely Planet's 2022 Best in Travel destinations , has lifted many of its internal COVID-19 restrictions, though if you're planning to visit, there are several entry requirements that remain in place. 

As of April 1, masks are no longer mandatory in indoor and outdoor establishments. Clubs, bars, restaurants and casinos are allowed to return to full capacity and the country has sunset its curfews. 

“Thanks to the steady decrease in COVID-19 cases at both the district and national levels, there is no longer a threat of community spread due to the virus,” said Kevin Bernard, Minister of Health and Wellness for Belize.

On April 4, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention downgraded its advisory on Belize to Level 4 status, indicating high levels of COVID-19 cases but removing its advisory against travel to the country. The agency advises travelers be fully vaccinated before going to Belize. 

The 23 best things to do in Belize: snorkeling, fishing and cave tubing

Entry requirements to Belize

Travel to Belize has become easier but there are still several boxes to check before you depart. 

To enter Belize, all travelers must fill out the Customs and Immigration form and purchase Belize Travel Health Insurance. The policy can be purchased online and costs $18 USD for 21 days worth of coverage. The policy covers medical treatment as well as the cost of accommodation expenses to quarantine if you receive a positive COVID-19 diagnosis.

Fully vaccinated travelers who can show proof of a COVID-19 test are no longer required to show proof of a negative pre-arrival COVID-19 test.

Scuba diver at Joe's Wall Dive Site, Belize Barrier Reef

However, unvaccinated air passengers and those who cannot show proof of vaccinations must show proof of a negative PCR test no more than 72 hours prior to arrival. They can also provide a negative rapid Antigen test taken no more than 48 hours prior to arrival. Unvaccinated visitors can also opt to take a test upon arrival at a cost of $50 USD. The amount must be paid in cash. Credit cards are not accepted. 

Unvaccinated travelers crossing over the border by land or entering by sea port must undergo mandatory COVID-19 testing. Belize will not accept pre-arrival test results from anyone arriving through land and sea entry points. 

The testing requirement also applies to children who are unvaccinated and are over the age of 5.

You might also like: Belize: your guide to adventure activities   Going local: explore cultural tourism in Belize Why I traveled to Belize to learn about medicinal plants  

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Belize COVID-19 Updates

Beach at San Pedro

Effective July 12, 2022, the Belize Tourism Board advises that the Government of Belize has decided to remove all public health measures at the points of entry in Belize (land and sea).

Tourists visiting Belize can move about freely, as of 1 March 2022. It is recommended that they stay at Gold Standard certified accommodations, and use tour operators, tourism transportation providers, restaurants, tourism sites and attractions, and gift shops. These Gold Standard and certified entities have all been trained and have implemented enhanced health and safety measures.

If you start to exhibit any COVID-like symptoms, immediately notify your hotel’s front desk, and they will implement their Covid Response Plan. Should you develop symptoms, and test positive for the virus while in country, you will be required to quarantine for a minimum of 7 days. It is highly recommended that you obtain the Belize Travel Health Insurance to cover any costs if you become sick while on vacation.

Article by M.A. Romero Chief Information Officer (RET) to the Government of Belize. Reviewed by Marvin Manzanero MD M. Sc. (GHP) Director Health Services Belize .

Passport Health logo

Travel Vaccines and Advice for Belize

Passport Health offers a variety of options for travelers throughout the world.

Belize is bursting with culture and tropical fun for all types of travelers. Whether exploring archaeological sites, studying culture or venturing in the wild, Belize has a bit of everything.

The district of Cayo is the perfect destination for history fans, archeologists at heart and for those who love to learn. The world famous Hol Chan Marine Reserve in San Pedro offers tourists the chance to swim with a variety of sea life, including rays and sharks. Travelers can also make their way to Belize City with its amazing museums and adventures.

Rich in culture, nature and adventure, Belize is the perfect destination for a every traveler.

Do I Need Vaccines for Belize?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Belize. The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Belize: hepatitis A , hepatitis B , typhoid , yellow fever , rabies , meningitis , polio , measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) , chickenpox , shingles , pneumonia and influenza .

COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. Check with your local Passport Health clinic if immunization is offered in your area.

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:

  • COVID-19 – Airborne & Direct Contact – Recommended for all unvaccinated individuals who qualify for vaccination
  • Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travelers
  • Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Accelerated schedule available
  • Typhoid – Food & Water – Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
  • Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if traveling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
  • Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travelers and those who may come in contact with animals.
  • Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
  • TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
  • Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
  • Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
  • Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
  • Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
  • Meningitis – Airborne & Direct Contact – Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students.
  • Polio – Food & Water – Required if arriving from a region with active polio transmission. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended.

See the tables below for more information:

There is a risk of contracting the Zika virus in Belize. Be sure to use mosquito repellents, netting and wear protective clothing. Malaria and dengue are also present in some regions. Antimalarials may be recommended based on your itinerary. Speak with a travel health specialist to learn more.

Visit our vaccinations page to learn more. Travel safely with Passport Health and schedule your appointment today by calling or book online now .

Do I Need a Passport or Visa for Belize?

Americans planning to go to Belize do not need a visa for tourism visits less than 30 days. But, travelers must provide proof of return tickets or flights to another destination. Visitors must also prove that they have enough money for their trip.

Sources: Embassy of Belize and U.S. State Department

If you enter the country by land, extra fees may apply. There is also an exit fee of $40 USD when leaving Belize.

What Is The Climate Like In Belize?

The climate in Belize is tropical and warm. The country’s dry season ranges from about February to April, the rainy season from May to December. Even in the cooler months (December to February) the average temperatures are in the 70’s.

While the climate is consistent throughout Belize, the weather may vary by region. Here is what to expect in a few tourist destinations:

  • Belize City – Temperatures remain pretty consistent from month to month. Summers can be hot in the low-90’s with winters in the low-80’s. Belize City has a short dry season with rain throughout the rest of the year.
  • Belmopan – The capital of Belize experiences frequent rains. The temperature is warm, with highs in the low-90’s.
  • San Ignacio – While rain is abundant during this region’s wet season, it is drier than areas like Belize City. Temperatures range from the low-70’s to low-90’s.

Is It Safe to Travel to Belize?

There are high levels of criminal activity in Belize. The most troubled areas are southern Belize City and along the country’s borders. These areas should be avoided if possible.

Tourists are prime targets for crime. Petty theft, pick-pocketing, credit card fraud and similar crime is not uncommon. Various cases of sexual harassment do occur, especially when traveling alone or in small groups. When going out, never go out on your own and stay with as many people that you trust as you can.

Crime rates remain high in Belize. The majority of crimes are reportedly unsolved. It is difficult for local police to investigate and prosecute many of the reported incidents. Travel with care and always be aware of your surroundings.

Snorkeling and Swimming In Belize

Avoid an embarrassing stop, over 70% of travelers will have diarrhea., get protected with passport health’s travelers’ diarrhea kit .

The beaches of Belize are blue, bright and beautiful. The waters teem with sea creatures and corals, a kaleidoscope of colors and life. It’s no wonder that tourists come from around the globe to snorkel and swim in the oceans around Belize. Some of the most popular spots include the Hol Chan Marine Reserve and Ambergris Caye.

Snorkeling can bring you face-to-face with situations that can overwhelm the unprepared. Make sure the equipment you rent or buy, such as the snorkel and your swimming fins, are high-quality. A good snorkel will not allow water to come down the breathing tube, and the right fins will protect your feet and save you valuable energy while swimming.

Secure all dangling or loose aspects of your gear, as it can damage the reefs or catch on animals. Do not touch any of the wildlife you encounter while snorkeling or swimming in Belize waters. This can stress the animal and many of them could injure you.

Do not touch any of the coral reefs. They are fragile, and any part of the reef that is touched will die.

What Should I Pack for Belize?

Besides travel documents and medications, there are some other key items to make sure are in your luggage.

  • Insect Repellent – With Zika, dengue and malaria in Belize, you should pack bug spray. Packing a repellent with at least 20%-30% DEET will help keep perilous pests away.
  • Camera – You will want to bring a camera to snap photos of the Mayan ruins, the ocean, the jungle, the animals and all the other wonders Belize has to offer.
  • Airy Clothing and Shorts – While you may want to bring some nicer clothes for going out, days will be hot and humid. Wearing shorts and loose clothing allows your skin to breath and will keep you cool.
  • Sunscreen – Pack sunscreen to protect your skin and prevent sunburn. Even if it is rainy, your skin may still be damaged in the warm, tropical temperatures.
  • Snorkeling or Swim Gear – If you know that you plan to swim or snorkel, save money and peace of mind by bringing your preferred gear with you. If you know you will be snorkeling, consider packing your own snorkel and swim fins. Always bring more than one bathing suit.

United States Embassy in Belize

The U.S. embassy in Belize offers services to help U.S. citizens who are traveling or living in Belize.

Some of these services include helping in emergencies, like replacing lost passports, assisting if someone is arrested, and providing information about local laws and customs. They also provide health and safety information, including advice about vaccinations and how to stay safe in areas with higher levels of crime or political instability.

All Americans visiting Belize should register with the U.S. Embassy in Belmopan. This will inform the office of your travel plans and will allow them to reach out in the case of an emergency or evacuation. You can register online, through the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP).

U.S. Embassy Belmopan 4 Floral Park Road Belmopan, Belize Telephone: +(501) 822-4011 Emergency After-Hours telephone:+(501) 610-5030 Fax: +(501) 822-4012

Visit the U.S. Embassy website before your trip to confirm local embassy information.

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vaccination before travel to belize

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Before you travel check that: 

  • your destination can provide the healthcare you may need 
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This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant. 

Emergency medical number 

Call 911 and ask for an ambulance. 

Contact your insurance company promptly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment. 

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At least 8 weeks before your trip check: 

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Belize Travel Advisory

Travel advisory november 13, 2023, belize - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Exercise increased caution in Belize due to crime . Some areas have increased risk. Please read the entire Travel Advisory.

Country Summary : Violent crime – such as sexual assault, home invasions, armed robberies, and murder – are common even during daylight hours and in tourist areas. A significant portion of violent crime is gang related. Due to high crime, travelers are advised to exercise caution while traveling to the south side of Belize City. Local police lack the resources and training to respond effectively to serious criminal incidents. Most crimes remain unresolved and unprosecuted. 

Read the country information page for additional information on travel to Belize.

If you decide to travel to Belize: 

Read the Department of State’s COVID-19 page before planning any international travel.

  • Be aware of your surroundings. 
  • Avoid walking or driving at night. 
  • Do not physically resist any robbery attempt. 
  • Be extra vigilant when visiting banks or ATMs. 
  • Do not display signs of wealth, such as wearing expensive watches or jewelry. 
  • Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.  
  • Follow the Department of State on Facebook and Twitter . 
  • Review the Country Security Report for Belize.
  • Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the Traveler’s Checklist . 
  • Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information related to your travel.

Belize City – Level 3: Reconsider Travel

U.S. citizens should avoid traveling to Belize City. Historically much of the violent crime in Belize occurs in the Southside of Belize City and is gang related. This area (south of Haulover Creek Canal and continuing south to Fabers Road) does not overlap the typical tourism areas. All visitors should maintain an elevated level of due diligence and reduce their exposure to crime-related risks by practicing good safety and security practices.     

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Belize Vaccination Requirements

Traveling to Belize can be an exciting experience, but it's essential to be informed about the health and vaccination requirements before embarking on your journey.

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Since July 12, 2022, Belize does not require COVID-19 vaccination passports or certificates for entry.

It is still recommended that travelers be vaccinated against other common diseases. For instance, unvaccinated travelers (one year or older) are advised to get vaccinated against Hepatitis A. This recommendation also extends to infants between 6 to 11 months old.

Additionally, travelers may consider vaccinations for other diseases, such as typhoid and rabies, especially if they plan to visit rural areas or will be in close contact with animal​s.

It's important to note that health and safety guidelines can change rapidly. Therefore, it's recommended to stay updated with the latest travel advisories and health guidelines from reliable sources before your trip to Belize. Check the Belize Tourism Board's official page.

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Guatemala & Belize

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Author(s): Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez, Parminder Suchdev

Destination Overview

Infectious disease risks, environmental hazards & risks, safety & security, availability & quality of medical care.

Bordered by Mexico to the north, Belize and Honduras to the east, and El Salvador to the south, Guatemala is the largest country in Central America, both by population (>18 million) and by area (>42,000 mi2 or >108,000 km2). Often referred to as the “Land of Eternal Spring” for its agreeable year-round temperatures in much of the country, tourists visit Guatemala to explore its Mayan ruins, picturesque colonial towns, and scenic geology, including volcanos and lakes. It is also a popular destination for Spanish language instruction. Guatemala received >2 million visitors annually prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. 

Guatemala City, the capital, is highly urbanized and features luxury hotels, a wide variety of cuisines, and available medical services. By contrast, conditions are often markedly different outside of the capital, with fewer consumer products available, more difficult travel conditions, and often inadequate medical services. Guatemala’s 22 departments encompass a diverse ecological range, including highland cloud forests, dense forests, semi-arid deserts, and large tracts of agricultural lands. Rural areas offer significant charm and interesting destinations, but travelers should be prepared for a wider variety of health risks.

Approximately the same size as New Jersey, Belize has an area of 8,867 mi2 (23,000 km2). It shares its western and southern border with Guatemala and its northern border with Mexico’s Quintana Roo state; the Caribbean Sea forms the eastern boundary of the country (see Map 10-17 ). Northern Belize is characterized by coastal plains with pockets of dense forest, while the west and south are predominantly coastal plains or savannas and low mountains, respectively. Belize’s Caribbean coastline features sandy white beaches, numerous islands, and one of the longest barrier reefs in the world.

Travelers visiting Belize’s inland can participate in a variety of adventure activities, including canoeing, cave tubing, climbing Mayan ruins, hiking, and zip-lining through jungle canopies. Most visitors come to experience the sandy white beaches and the coastal barrier reefs, which boast some of the best scuba diving in the region. The official language of Belize is English, although Belizean Creole, Spanish, Mayan languages, and Plautdietsch (a variety of German spoken by Mennonite settlers) are also spoken.

Map 10-17: Guatemala & Belize

Map 10-17: Guatemala & Belize

View Larger Figure

Ensure travelers are up to date on their routine immunizations. Routine childhood immunization rates in both Guatemala and Belize declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially increasing the risk for infections among both the local population and visitors. Hepatitis A and typhoid vaccines are recommended for visitors to both countries.

Enteric Infections & Diseases

Giardia  is endemic throughout the world. In addition to drinking water precautions, remind travelers to avoid swallowing water from streams, ponds, and lakes (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 12,  Giardiasis ).

Taeniasis & Cysticercosis

Guatemala and Belize are considered endemic for multiple parasitic infections, including taeniasis and cysticercosis, which are caused by different life stages of the  Taenia solium  parasite (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 22,  Taeniasis ). Cases occur in all departments of Guatemala; the majority have been reported from Chiquimula, Huehuetenango, Petén, Quetzaltenango, and Zacapa. Taeniasis can present as a mild or asymptomatic intestinal infection following the ingestion of undercooked pork products.

Cysticercosis, a more serious infection of muscle, brain, or other tissues, is caused by ingestion of  T. solium  eggs shed in the stool of human carriers. Over months to decades, the infection can progress to neurocysticercosis, a rare but potentially disabling or fatal infection (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 6,  Cysticercosis ). Consuming food, including raw or undercooked vegetables, contaminated with  T. solium  eggs can cause cysticercosis.

Travelers’ Diarrhea

Travelers’ diarrhea commonly affects visitors to Guatemala and Belize. Advise travelers to follow instructions on safe food and water precautions (see Sec. 2, Ch. 8,  Food & Water Precautions ). Tap water is not potable in Guatemala or Belize, even in the capital cities. There are many options for treating water, including boiling, filtration (for example, using ceramic water filters), chlorination, and disinfection using ultraviolet light.

Counsel travelers to avoid consuming unpasteurized dairy products (particularly soft or fresh cheeses) and raw or undercooked meat or fish. Leafy green or raw vegetables should be thoroughly washed and disinfected or cooked before consumption. For further information about travelers’ diarrhea, see Sec. 2, Ch. 6,  Travelers’ Diarrhea .

Typhoid Fever

Typhoid fever, caused by infection with  Salmonella typhi,  occurs in both Guatemala and Belize and can be life-threatening, although appropriate and timely management usually prevents serious disease (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 24,  Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever ). Infection with typhoid fever in the United States is associated with international travel, in particular southern Asia, but also among travelers returning from Central America.. Offer typhoid vaccine to all travelers, especially to those visiting smaller cities or rural areas. Vaccinated travelers should still follow food and water precautions to prevent typhoid fever and other enteric infections.

Respiratory Infections & Diseases

Coronavirus disease 2019.

All travelers going to Guatemala and Belize should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines .

Influenza (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 13, Influenza ) strains typically circulate in Central America in a pattern similar to the United States. Advise travelers to receive the influenza vaccine ≥2 weeks before departure. Low reported rates of influenza at destinations may reflect limited surveillance rather than an absence of transmission.

Tuberculosis

Guatemala and Belize are considered moderate incidence countries for tuberculosis (TB). Help travelers determine their potential for exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Risk for infection is greatest among travelers who will be working around individuals with untreated TB (e.g., drug rehabilitation centers, health care settings, prisons, shelters); those staying for an extended time with friends and relatives; and those who eat unpasteurized dairy products, a risk factor for bovine TB (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 22,  Tuberculosis ).

Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV

HIV prevalence in Guatemala is low in the general population (0.2% among adults aged 15 to 49 years). Most cases occur among people at increased risk, including commercial sex workers, those who use injection drugs, men who have sex with men, and the sexual partners of these individuals. HIV prevalence is greater in Belize (1.1% among adults aged 15 to 49 years). Counsel travelers to reduce their risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, and syphilis, by avoiding injection drug use and unprotected sex. High-quality condoms are available for purchase at pharmacies in both countries.

Soil- & Waterborne Infections

Cutaneous larva migrans.

Cutaneous larva migrans, a creeping skin eruption commonly associated with animal hookworm infection, has been reported in Guatemala and Belize (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 4,  Cutaneous Larva Migrans , and Sec. 11, Ch. 8,  Dermatologic Conditions ). Cases are associated with walking on beaches or warm soil; advise travelers to use footwear and avoid direct skin contact with soil and sand.

Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 11, Leptospirosis ), a bacterial disease that can affect humans and animals, is known to occur in Guatemala with most cases reported following flooding related to hurricanes. Cases have been reported from most departments in the country. Leptospirosis has been documented in Belize, although little is known about the frequency or geographic distribution of infection. Advise travelers to avoid swimming or wading in water (particularly flood waters) potentially contaminated with animal urine and to use protective footwear or clothing if they are likely to be exposed during work or recreation. Encourage travelers to seek healthcare if they experience symptoms suggestive of leptospirosis, although a confirmed diagnosis may be challenging in Guatemala and Belize.

Vectorborne Diseases 

Arboviruses: chikungunya, dengue & zika.

Chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses are all transmitted in both Guatemala and Belize. Annual rates of arbovirus infections vary significantly. Travelers staying primarily in highland areas will have limited exposure to disease-carrying mosquitoes; those visiting coastal or low-lying areas and beaches are at increased risk. Cases of chikungunya (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 2,  Chikungunya ) and Zika (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 27,  Zika ) have been reported in Guatemala in recent years and, to a lesser extent, in Belize. Because of the risk for birth defects in infants born to mothers infected with Zika virus during pregnancy, instruct people who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant and their sex partners about the most recent CDC recommendations  and promote the use of mosquito-avoidance behaviors.

Dengue (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 4,  Dengue ) is endemic to coastal and jungle areas, with risk occurring year-round in some places. Large outbreaks occur periodically in both countries, such as in 2019; there are also reports of increasing cases in early 2023. In recent years, the greatest number of dengue cases in Guatemala have been reported in the departments of Baja Verapaz, Escuintla, Petén, Quetzaltenango (lowland areas), Santa Rosa, and Zacapa. Dengue is uncommon in Guatemala City but has been reported.

Encourage travelers to take steps to prevent mosquito bites by using insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and staying in accommodations with window screens or air-conditioning where available (see Sec. 4, Ch. 6,  Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods ).

Leishmaniasis

Guatemala and Belize are classified as endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 14,  Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ). Risk for infection is greater among people with outdoor exposure (e.g., ecology workers, ecotourists, travelers staying in rustic settings). Travelers can reduce their risk for sand fly bites by avoiding outdoor activities at night, wearing protective clothing, applying insect repellent, and sleeping in air-conditioned or well-screened areas. In Guatemala, most cases are reported from the departments of Alta Verapaz, Huehuetenango, and Petén. Detailed data on leishmaniasis in Belize are not routinely published.

Malaria cases have been declining in Guatemala in recent years but risk is still a concern in some areas. Alta Verapaz, Escuintla, Izabal, Petén, and Suchitepéquez account for most cases, and prophylaxis against  Plasmodium vivax  malaria is recommended only for travelers visiting these departments. Antigua, Guatemala City, and Lake Atitlán are not considered risk areas for malaria (see Sec. 2, Ch. 5,  Yellow Fever Vaccine and Malaria Prevention Information, by Country ).

In Belize, there are rare locally-transmitted malaria cases and none in Belize City. Except for travel to the aforementioned departments in Guatemala, mosquito avoidance (but not chemoprophylaxis) is recommended for travelers to both countries.

Rickettsial Diseases

Although there are reports of rickettsial infections throughout Central America, the extent of rickettsial diseases is not well-documented and is almost certainly under-reported. In Guatemala, infections have included  Rickettsia prowazekii ,  Rickettsia rickettsia,  and  Rickettsia typhi , among others; the first documented human case of  Rickettsia felis  infection was recently reported, although the risk is not yet well understood (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 18,  Rickettsial Diseases ). In Belize,  Rickettsia -infected ticks have been found in several districts suggesting infection risk to humans. Provide travelers to both countries with information about how to avoid flea and tick bites, both indoors and outdoors (see Sec. 4, Ch. 6,  Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods ).

Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 25,  American Trypanosomiasis / Chagas Disease ), transmitted by triatomine insects infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic to some areas of Guatemala. Most cases have been reported from the departments of Chiquimula and Jutiapa, with a smaller number from other, primarily lowland, departments. In 2022, health care providers and public health officials published a report of the first known case of acute Chagas disease diagnosed in Belize. Risk for infection among travelers is believed to be low but is presumably increased for people staying in poor quality housing in endemic regions.

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is not a risk in either Guatemala or Belize. The Government of Guatemala, however, requires proof of vaccination against yellow fever from travelers ³1 year old arriving from  countries where there is risk of yellow fever virus  transmission or who have >12-hour airport layovers or transits through countries with risk of yellow fever transmission. For more details, see Sec. 2, Ch. 5,  Yellow Fever Vaccine and Malaria Prevention Information, by Country and Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. Yellow Fever . Belize currently has no yellow fever vaccine requirements for entering travelers.

Air Pollution

In Guatemala City, with its population of over three million, air pollution can be a concern especially for those with asthma and aggravating conditions. Belize’s urban areas are much less dense, but urban and rural air quality in both countries may be negatively impacted by vehicle emissions, burning of waste, and limited regulatory control of industrial emissions. In Guatemala, periods of intense volcanic activity can cause increased particulate matter in areas within range of a volcano’s fallout (see Sec. 4, Ch. 3,  Air Quality & Ionizing Radiation ).

Altitude Illness

At 1,533 m (5,029 ft) above sea level, Guatemala City is at a moderately high elevation. The highest point in Guatemala is just over 3,900 m (13,000 ft). Belize has a more moderate topography (average elevation of 130 m) with its highest point at 1,124 m (3,668 ft). Advise travelers coming from lower elevations, particularly those with heart and lung conditions and those planning to climb high-elevation volcanos, to consider an acclimatization period (see Sec. 4, Ch. 5,  High Elevation Travel & Altitude Illness ).

Animal Bites

Guatemala and Belize are among the few countries in the Americas that still report rabies in dogs. Rabid dogs are reported every year, and all dog bites must be considered as possible exposures to rabies (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 18,  Rabies ). Rabies can also be transmitted by other Central American animals, including bats, coatis, coyotes, foxes, and skunks. Educate travelers about recommended postexposure prophylaxis following an animal bite or scratch. Although rabies immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis is available in some areas of Guatemala, supplies can be uncertain; Belize is not known to have immune globulin available for postexposure prophylaxis.

Recommend preexposure rabies prophylaxis to travelers who will be involved in outdoor activities (e.g., bicycling, camping, or hiking), especially in rural areas; people planning activities that place them at increased risk for exposure to dogs or wildlife (e.g., those who will have occupational exposure to animals); or those who will be visiting less developed, remote areas where access to medical care is limited. Children can be at particular risk due to exposure to dogs. Advise long-term travelers (e.g., humanitarian aid workers, faith-based workers) and their children to receive preexposure rabies prophylaxis.

Scorpions, Snakes & Other Venomous Wildlife

A wide variety of scorpion, snake, and spider species, including venomous varieties, can be found in both Guatemala and Belize.

The striped bark scorpion ( Centruroides  spp.), pale-yellow in color with two dark stripes on its carapace, is highly venomous and commonly found in both Guatemala and Belize. In Guatemala, scorpions are more prevalent in the eastern jungles and in sites around Lake Atitlán. Guatemala and Belize have 18 species of venomous snakes (e.g., coral snakes, a variety of pit vipers, and the neotropical rattlesnake), with some bites posing a risk for serious injury, including death. The Chilean recluse spider ( Loxosceles laeta ) and black widow spider ( Latrodectus  spp.) are  venomous spiders found in Guatemala and Belize. Antidotes and antivenoms are available at some locations in Guatemala and Belize; anyone experiencing a bite should quickly seek medical attention.

Beach & Ocean Exposures

Many of the Pacific Ocean black sand beaches in Guatemala are known for dangerous undertow, large waves, and steep drop-offs; multiple drownings happen each year. Even strong swimmers can be at risk, and children should be supervised anywhere near the water’s edge.

Belize is known for its beaches and diving opportunities, but divers should be advised to seek a reputable diving company with a strong safety record. Beginner divers should ensure that their diving plans are commensurate with their level of experience. Sharks are known to be present in the waters off Belize, and swimmers and divers should seek local guidance.

The invasive lionfish is found in waters off Belize; the spines of the lionfish are venomous and can cause intense pain and discomfort for humans who are pricked. Treatment involves hot water, analgesics, and antihistamines, and may require medical attention. Divers should review safety instructions before engaging in lionfish spearing. Lionfish can be eaten safely. There is little information regarding lionfish off the small Caribbean coast of Guatemala.

Ciguatera Poisoning

Ciguatera poisoning occurs when consuming reef fish that have high concentrations of ciguatoxin in their flesh. Ciguatera poisoning has been rarely reported in Belize, with the few reported cases related to consumption of barracuda but not lionfish. There have been investigations of fish with ciguatoxin bioaccumulation on the Caribbean coast of Guatemala but little documentation of human cases. Travelers should be aware of nausea, vomiting, and neurologic symptoms such as tingling fingers, tingling toes, or a sensation of hot-cold temperature reversal. Instruct travelers to seek medical attention if any of these symptoms develop.  

Harmful Algal Blooms

Guatemala periodically experiences harmful algal blooms on the Pacific coast (see Yellow Book chapter, Food Poisoning from Marine Toxins). Paralytic shellfish poisoning is a potentially serious risk for people consuming bivalve mollusks (e.g., clams, oysters, mussels, scallops) harvested during these periods. When conditions warrant, Guatemala’s Ministry of Agriculture can impose bans on harvesting and eating shellfish; advise travelers to follow local instructions. Alerts may be published by the Ministry of Health and other government entities and disseminated via local news sources. Recommend travelers to avoid swimming during harmful algal blooms; exposure can cause eye and skin irritation.

Climate & Sun Exposure 

The climate in Guatemala and Belize varies significantly by region. Remind travelers of the risk of sun exposure during outdoor activities, even in predominately temperate high-elevation areas (see Sec. 4, Ch. 1,  Sun Exposure ). In many of the urban or tourist areas, broad-spectrum sunscreen may be available for purchase. Advise travelers going to more rural areas to purchase sunscreen prior to departure and to take it with them in their travel health kit (see Sec. 2, Ch. 10, Travel Health Kits ).

Natural Disasters 

Earthquakes & volcanos.

Guatemala is one of the most seismically and volcanically active countries in the world. Past earthquakes define the landscape of colonial ruins in Antigua Guatemala, but frequent high intensity earthquakes have brought significant destruction in areas throughout the country as recently as 2012. Smaller earthquakes occur frequently and occasionally cause fatalities due to landslides and infrastructure damage. Alert travelers to the importance of understanding and adhering to evacuation instructions and to be aware of designated meeting areas near large buildings.

Guatemala has three currently active volcanos (Pacaya [2,552 m; 8,373 ft], Santa María/Santiaguito [3,772 m; 12,375 ft], Volcán de Fuego [3,768 m; 12,362 ft]) and multiple other dormant and extinct volcanoes. In 2018, eruptions from Volcán de Fuego resulted in landslides that killed over 200 people and destroyed many homes. As with earthquakes, counsel travelers to be aware of local news related to volcanic activity; advise them to work only with reputable guides and to practice caution when mountaineering around active volcanoes.  

Seasonal Flooding, Hurricanes & Tropical Storms

Guatemala and Belize are affected by Atlantic hurricanes, and Pacific storms can also affect Guatemala, with the season lasting from mid-May to November. Remind travelers to follow weather reports of hurricanes, tropical storms, or heavy rainstorms, which can provoke catastrophic flooding and landslides, even significantly inland. Make sure travelers know to never enter a flooded roadway and to be mindful of the potential for increased incidence of diarrheal illnesses and mosquito-borne diseases after certain weather events.

Crime & Security

Advise visitors going to Guatemala or Belize to travel in groups and stay on main roads. Theft and robbery are the most common forms of crime in Guatemala, although narcotics-related violence exists in some areas (see Sec. 4, Ch. 11,  Safety & Security Overseas ). Encourage travelers to consult the US Department of State website for critical safety and security alerts pertaining to their intended destinations within Guatemala, including areas considered as “do not travel” due to elevated risk due to crime.

Although Belize generally poses a lower risk for crime, Belize City warrants caution due to elevated levels of violent crime. Travelers can find specific up-to-date information for this location and others on the US Department of State website .

Political Unrest

Protests occur with some regularity in Guatemala, both in urban areas and through nationwide blockades of roadways. These typically well-publicized blockades can complicate transit and cause localized skirmishes. Land disputes in some areas of Guatemala have a history of violence, so encourage travelers to consult reputable local guides before traveling in rural areas or during a blockade period. While less common, political demonstrations can also occur occasionally in Belize, and travelers should follow local media reports and avoid large gatherings.

Traffic-Related Injuries

Remind travelers going to Guatemala or Belize to use a seat belt (and age-appropriate car seat or booster seats for families with children) when riding in a car and to wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or motorbike (see Sec. 8, Ch. 5,  Road & Traffic Safety ). Travelers with children should be advised to carry car seats with them as they may be difficult to locate in-country. Injuries pose a significant threat to travelers in Guatemala, with road-related mortality steadily rising according to the World Bank. Guatemala’s roadway system is often in poor repair, with steep drop-offs in mountainous areas and washouts in low-lying areas.

Roadway and boating accidents are likewise a concern in Belize. Trauma services outside of (and even within) larger cities are limited. Driving at night through the countryside can be dangerous and should be avoided.

Good quality health care is available in Guatemala City through larger private hospitals. Private hospitals with 24-hour service are available in Belize City. The public hospital systems, even in larger cities, face significant resource limitations in both countries. Medical services in rural areas may be extremely limited. Payment (cash or credit card) is likely to be required before care is given. US health insurance is not accepted. Discuss with patients the importance of purchasing travel health insurance and medical evacuation insurance (see Sec. 6, Ch. 1, Travel Insurance, Travel Health Insurance & Medical Evacuation Insurance ), as well as packing a first aid kit (see Sec. 2, Ch. 10, Travel Health Kits ).

Medical Tourism

Medical tourism is a growing industry in Guatemala, with many internationally trained physicians providing care, and, to a lesser extent, is seen in Belize. Nonetheless, potential concerns include the ability to manage unforeseen emergencies and infection with antimicrobial-resistant strains of bacteria, some of which are not commonly found in the United States (see Sec. 11, Ch. 5,  Antimicrobial Resistance ). Make potential medical tourists aware of the additional inherent risks associated with surgery, medical procedures, and traveling while being treated for a medical condition or during recovery (see Sec. 6, Ch. 4,  Medical Tourism ).

The following authors contributed to the previous version of this chapter: Ava W. Navin, Emily S. Jentes

Bibliography

Belize Fisheries Department (2018). Belize National Lionfish Management Strategy 2019-2023. Available at: https://blueventures.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Belize-National-Lionfish-Strategy-2019.pdf [PDF]. Bermúdez CSE, Troyo A. A review of the genus  Rickettsia  in Central America. Res Rep Trop Med. 2018;9:103–12.

Borges, A. (2013). Scorpionism and Dangerous Scorpions in Central America and the Caribbean Region. In: Gopalakrishnakone, P. (eds) Scorpion Venoms. Springer, Dordrecht. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6647-1_21-1 .

Department of Defense/Colorado State University. Guide to Venomous Snakes for Military personnel in Guatemala. Available from:  www.denix.osd.mil/dodparc/parc-resources/education-and-outreach/guide-to-venomous-snakes-on-military-installations-in-guatemala/Snake%20Pamphlet_Guatemala_cleared_508.pdf  [PDF].

López B, Jaramillo J, Armstrong PA, López MR, Gleaton AN, Chung IH, et al. First human case of  Rickettsia felis  reported in Guatemala. Alerta. 2022;5(2):159–60.

Ministry of Public Health and Welfare—Guatemala. Department of Epidemiology. Weekly Epidemiolocal Bulletin No 51. December 2021. Available from:   http://epidemiologia.mspas.gob.gt/informacion/salas-situacionales/boletines/boletines-de-semanas-epidemiologicas-2021?download=198:semepi-52-2022 .

Ministry of Public Health and Welfare—Guatemala. Department of Epidemiology. Circular No. TLGG-010-2022 Alerta Epidemiolgica por intoxicacion paralitica por moluscos. Available from:  http://epidemiologia.mspas.gob.gt/phocadownloadpap/alertas/2022/circular-tllgg-010-2022.pdf  [PDF].

Ministry of Public Health and Welfare—Guatemala. Department of Epidemiology. Situación epidemiológica de leptospirosis en Guatemala. January 2018. Available from:  http://epidemiologia.mspas.gob.gt/files/Publicaciones%202018/Zonoticas/Vigilancia%20de%20Leptospirosis%202007-%202017%20semana%201-52.pdf  [PDF]. 

Murray KO, Saldaña MA, Gunter SM, Manzanero R, Zielinski-Gutierrez E,  Herrera C, et al. Diagnosis of acute Chagas disease in a Belizean child with evidence of a multiclonal  Trypanosoma cruzi  infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022;107(5):992–5.

Pan-American Health Organization. Epidemiological Update: Dengue, chikungunya and Zika in the context of COVID-19. December 2021. Available from:  https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/55639/EpiUpdate23Dec2021_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y  [PDF].

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vaccination before travel to belize

Authorities Encourage Eligible Individuals to Receive MMR Vaccine Before Easter Travel

A s the threat of measles looms with a growing number of cases in the UK and Europe, health authorities are urging all eligible individuals to prioritize receiving the MMR vaccine, especially before making any Easter travel plans.

The Public Health Agency (PHA) has initiated a mass vaccination campaign in collaboration with health trusts and GP surgeries targeting individuals aged between 12 months and 25 years who may have missed one or both doses of the MMR vaccine.

Louise Flanagan, Consultant in Public Health at the PHA, emphasized the importance of vaccination in preventing the spread of measles. This highly infectious disease can have severe and potentially fatal consequences. She highlighted the increased risk of measles transmission, particularly when traveling to regions experiencing high case numbers.

Individuals are encouraged to verify their vaccination status by checking their child’s red book or consulting with their GP practice. For those who have missed any vaccination, prompt appointment scheduling is advised to ensure maximum protection.

Children aged 12 months to 5 years can receive the vaccine through their GP practice, while individuals aged 6 to 25 can attend vaccination clinics organized by Health and Social Care (HSC) Trusts. Details regarding trust clinics are available on the indirect website.

Measles, caused by a highly contagious virus, was once prevalent among children but saw a decline following the introduction of the MMR vaccine. However, recent trends indicate a decrease in vaccination coverage, underscoring the need for enhanced efforts to prevent the spread of preventable diseases like measles.

Flanagan reiterated the safety and efficacy of the MMR vaccine, emphasizing its role in safeguarding against measles, mumps, and rubella. She cautioned that failure to vaccinate leaves individuals vulnerable to severe complications associated with these diseases.

While measles primarily affects children, it can occur at any age and spreads easily through direct contact or airborne transmission when infected individuals cough or sneeze. Maintaining high vaccination rates is crucial in curbing the spread of measles and protecting public health.

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MMR (Credits: WWLP)

What to know about the measles vaccine — from who should get one, to how long immunity lasts

Measles vaccine is one of the most effective, offers long-lasting protection, medical experts say.

vaccination before travel to belize

Demand for measles vaccine leading to shortages

Social sharing.

This story is part of CBC Health's Second Opinion, a weekly analysis of health and medical science news emailed to subscribers on Saturday mornings. If you haven't subscribed yet, you can do that by  clicking here .

In Canada, measles was once a disease of the past. But it's increasingly becoming a health threat of the present, after backsliding vaccination rates allowed the virus to creep back into circulation.

Canada officially eliminated measles nearly three decades ago, but for years, medical experts warned it was poised to make a comeback — and disruptions to routine childhood immunization efforts throughout the COVID-19 pandemic may have sped that up.

Now, after tens of thousands of cases in Europe, and close to 100 recent infections across Canada and the U.S., health officials are on high alert.

There are warnings about travel abroad, calls for people to ensure their families are up-to-date on the measles vaccine, and fresh reminders that the virus is highly contagious and capable of causing pneumonia, brain inflammation, and even death.

"A lot of people are worried," said Dr. Alykhan Abdulla, a family physician in Ottawa. "Measles hasn't really been around in our society for a long time."

So how should Canadians navigate the latest guidance around measles vaccination, and who's actually protected? And if you've already had at least one measles shot, are you now set for life?

Who should get the measles vaccine?

If you or your child has never had a combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine — and never had a prior measles infection — the official guidance is simple: Get vaccinated.

But after that, it gets a little more complicated.

For Canadian children, the typical schedule is now two doses, both administered before they enter school. The first MMR dose should be given when a child is 12 to 15 months of age and the second dose at 18 months, or any time after that, but no later than around school entry, notes the Canadian immunization guide. 

  • Second Opinion Canada heading toward major measles outbreak without vaccine boost, new modelling suggests

As for adults, if you were born after the two-dose MMR vaccine became routine, you probably had both rounds as a child. 

Some adults might've only had one dose, however. That includes people born before 1970, who were likely exposed to the virus, given how widely measles used to circulate — and federal guidance assumes those individuals have natural immunity.

However, the same guidance suggests anyone who's at a higher risk of being exposed — like health-care workers, military personnel and international travellers — should get an MMR vaccine, regardless of their year of birth. 

Confused yet? 

  • Canada faces shortage of measles vaccines amid rise in cases, demand

What if you don't have your immunization record, or can't remember if you had a measles infection in childhood? Experts suggest simply getting an MMR dose, to be safe.

"If there's any concern about whether you've been vaccinated, it's actually cheaper and easier just to get vaccinated again," said McMaster University associate professor and immunologist Dawn Bowdish.

What do I need to know if I'm travelling outside of Canada?

More than 50 countries are reporting "large and disruptive" measles outbreaks, World Health Organization officials warned this week.

So if you or a family member hasn't been vaccinated against measles before travelling, there's a higher risk of catching it, medical experts warn, making it even more important to be up-to-date on your shots.

  • Measles vaccine in limited supply at Nova Scotia pharmacies

That's because measles is capable of lingering in the air for up to two hours (yes, hours ) after someone infected enters a space.

Infants under the age of one are "particularly vulnerable" to a measles infection, according to the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), since their routine shots typically start at 12 months of age.

In a statement, PHAC told CBC News the current advice for people travelling internationally is as follows:

  • Infants between six months and less than 12 months of age: One dose if they're travelling to a high-risk area. (However, that shot will be considered "dose zero" on their record, as children who get an early dose will still require two more doses later.)
  • Children and adolescents: Two doses.
  • Adults born in 1970 or later: Two doses.
  • Adults born before 1970: At least one dose.

vaccination before travel to belize

How to protect yourself against measles

If people need a shot, how can they get one.

If you need an MMR shot, medical experts suggest speaking to your primary care provider such as a family doctor or nurse practitioner — if you have one — or reaching out to your local community health centre or public health team.

Travel clinics are also an option to quickly get a shot before a trip, though private businesses can charge $75 or more for a dose.

Still, it's not always easy.

  • Toronto Public Health warns of potential measles exposure at new location linked to 2nd case

Despite the guidance around staying up-to-date on measles vaccinations, multiple Canadians told CBC News that some doctors and pharmacies are either short on supply , or simply discouraging patients from getting another round because they're either deemed too young or too old to need one. 

"I think we're all adjusting to this reality of measles resurgence from abroad," said Shelly Bolotin, director of the Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases at the University of Toronto. "And perhaps that is why different people are in different places."

Is there enough supply of the MMR vaccine available in Canada?

If you do need a dose, there are two MMR vaccines being used in Canada right now, from drug makers Merck and GSK. 

Shortage notices have also been posted for both brands' shots, but Health Canada said the companies have assured they'll be able to "fully meet demand" for public immunization programs, including routine childhood vaccines. 

GSK told CBC News the "temporary" shortage for its Priorix vaccine is linked to an increase in demand in the Canadian private market, adding it continues to meet the demand in the public sector. Merck Canada said it is working with provincial and federal health authorities to provide a consistent supply "in a timely manner."

  • Children in Peel Region risk catching measles due to low vaccination rates, warns doctor

What's unclear to Canadian health-care teams is whether an ongoing spike in demand will further complicate vaccination efforts.

"We have to be judicious, we have a resource that is limited," said Abdulla, in Ottawa. "And we have to be thoughtful in the way that we use [the available supply]." 

Family physician Dr. Allan Grill, in Markham, Ont., said his team is currently distributing measles vaccines on an as-needed basis.

"You can imagine how overwhelmed family medicine would get if we decided all of a sudden to just focus all of our attention on everybody's measles vaccine status."

Meanwhile, Andrew Sisnett, president of Summit Health, a travel vaccine provider, said the company rarely doled out MMR shots before this year. Yet demand recently shot up, and he's having issues ordering more. 

"There are concerns that, from a private-sector perspective, that we're not going to be able to procure enough."

vaccination before travel to belize

Measles may be spreading in some communities, health officials warn

How protective is prior infection or vaccination against measles.

If you've had a prior measles infection, there's a silver lining.

Peer-reviewed research from a team including Bolotin stressed that immunity from measles is thought to be life-long.

The study cited evidence from Denmark's remote Faroe Islands, located in the North Atlantic, which experienced a measles outbreak in 1781. The next outbreak in 1846 spared all those older than 65 — as in, all the people who would have been infected exactly 65 years earlier.

"This early observation remains some of the best evidence of life-long immunity to measles," the team wrote.

  • Hamilton child isolating at home after catching measles overseas: public health

That's because of how the measles virus operates, Bowdish said.

"Unlike RSV, or influenza or other respiratory infections ... it actually infects our immune cells," she said. "And then it hijacks those immune cells to travel to our lymph nodes, where there's millions and millions more immune cells to infect." 

A serious infection like that requires a serious immune response, Bowdish said. It's a bit like your body fighting a major war, giving it deep, lasting memories of how to fend off that attacker if it ever invades again.

So, is the same thing true for getting a full set of MMR shots?

To some extent, yes.

The measles vaccine contains small amounts of live virus, making it one of the most protective shots available, Bolotin said, with two doses showing 97 per cent efficacy (how well it does in an ideal and controlled environment) in studies, and 94 per cent effectiveness (real-world performance) in field estimates. 

"It's actually a mini infection in your body. And so it creates something very, very similar to what you would see if you're infected."

  • Measles may be spreading in some Canadian communities, officials warn

There can be instances where immunity after the shots does wane over time, both Bowdish and Bolotin agreed, and various global studies have documented occasional breakthrough infections. Even so, evidence suggests the shots still protect against serious illness and help curb transmission. 

"For most vaccines, what we do is we modify or minimize the severity of infections as opposed to preventing them 100 per cent," said Bowdish.

"But the measles vaccine is a different case, where it really does seem to prevent infections from getting started in most people, most of the time."

Corrections

  • A previous version of this story described the Faroe Islands as being located off the coast of Denmark. In fact, they are located farther out in the Atlantic Ocean, halfway between the U.K. and Iceland. Mar 23, 2024 9:28 AM ET

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

vaccination before travel to belize

Senior Health & Medical Reporter

Lauren Pelley covers health and medical science for CBC News, including the global spread of infectious diseases, Canadian health policy, pandemic preparedness, and the crucial intersection between human health and climate change. Two-time RNAO Media Award winner for in-depth health reporting in 2020 and 2022. Contact her at: [email protected]

  • @LaurenPelley

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COMMENTS

  1. Belize

    Dosing info - Hep A. Hepatitis B. Recommended for unvaccinated travelers younger than 60 years old traveling to Belize. Unvaccinated travelers 60 years and older may get vaccinated before traveling to Belize. Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book. Dosing info - Hep B. Measles. Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide.

  2. Travel Vaccines and Advice for Belize

    Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals. Polio. Food & Water. Required if arriving from a region with active polio transmission. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. Routine Vaccinations for Belize. VACCINE.

  3. What Vaccinations Are Needed Before You Travel to Belize?

    Americans entering Belize from the United States are not required to have proof of vaccinations before entering the country, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov) maintains ...

  4. Belize COVID-19 Update

    Belize Health & Safety Update. Effective July 12, 2022, The Belize Tourism Board advises that the Government of Belize has decided to remove all public health measures at the points of entry in Belize (land and sea). Vacationing in Belize is a life enriching experience and we want to ensure that visitors enjoy it immensely.

  5. Information for Travelers

    Traveling to Belize can be a very fun and exciting time; however, there are many things Americans should know before arriving. We encourage all Americans to enroll in our Smart Traveler Enrollment Program if you will be traveling to or living in Belize. For more information about traveling to Belize, please visit Belize's country specific information.

  6. Belize International Travel Information

    Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). See the State Department's travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories.

  7. Belize to Welcome Vaccinated Travelers

    Published on March 11, 2021. Belize has become the first country in the Caribbean to allow vaccinated travelers to visit without a COVID-19 test. Vaccinated travelers now need only to present a ...

  8. Travel Vaccines and Advice for Belize

    Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Belize. The National Travel Health Network and Centre and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Belize: COVID-19, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, typhoid, yellow fever, rabies, polio and tetanus. See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunisations:

  9. Belize Has New Rules for Vaccinated Travelers Caribbean Journal

    By: Caribbean Journal Staff - August 24, 2021. Belize was the first Caribbean destination to waive pre-testing requirements for fully vaccinated visitors. But following similar moves by a number ...

  10. Can I travel to Belize? Travel Restrictions & Entry ...

    Bars in Belize are . Find continuously updated travel restrictions for Belize such as border, vaccination, COVID-19 testing, and quarantine requirements.

  11. Belize is Open for Travel

    The ultimate Belize travel restrictions guide. A resource page by Belizing.com for questions and answers regarding coronavirus (COVID-19) and travel to Belize. The Belize Airport is now open for International leisure travel as of October 1st, 2020. Find official press releases and information to help inform your Belize travel plans and existing bookings on Belizing.com or elsewhere.

  12. Belize rolls back in country COVID-19 restrictions but entry

    To enter Belize, all travelers must fill out the Customs and Immigration form and purchase Belize Travel Health Insurance. The policy can be purchased online and costs $18 USD for 21 days worth of coverage. The policy covers medical treatment as well as the cost of accommodation expenses to quarantine if you receive a positive COVID-19 diagnosis.

  13. Belize COVID-19 Updates

    Belize COVID-19 Updates. Effective July 12, 2022, the Belize Tourism Board advises that the Government of Belize has decided to remove all public health measures at the points of entry in Belize (land and sea). Tourists visiting Belize can move about freely, as of 1 March 2022. It is recommended that they stay at Gold Standard certified ...

  14. Travel Vaccines and Advice for Belize

    Vaccine recommended for long-term travelers and those who may come in contact with animals. Polio. Food & Water. Required if arriving from a region with active polio transmission. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. Routine Vaccinations for Belize. VACCINE.

  15. Health

    Vaccinations and health risks. At least 8 weeks before your trip check: the latest information on vaccinations and health risks in TravelHealthPro's Belize's guide - these include Zika virus ...

  16. Belize

    Current travel vaccine advice and how to prevent infections when travelling to Belize. The recommendations and advice on this page can never replace a medical consultation. To get the best effect from the vaccines, you should begin vaccination well before departure.

  17. Belize Travel Advisory

    Belize - Level 2: Exercise Increased Caution. C. Exercise increased caution in Belize due to crime. Some areas have increased risk. Please read the entire Travel Advisory. Country Summary: Violent crime - such as sexual assault, home invasions, armed robberies, and murder - are common even during daylight hours and in tourist areas.

  18. Belize Vaccination Requirements

    Since July 12, 2022, Belize does not require COVID-19 vaccination passports or certificates for entry. It is still recommended that travelers be vaccinated against other common diseases. For instance, unvaccinated travelers (one year or older) are advised to get vaccinated against Hepatitis A. This recommendation also extends to infants between ...

  19. Guatemala & Belize

    Guatemala. Bordered by Mexico to the north, Belize and Honduras to the east, and El Salvador to the south, Guatemala is the largest country in Central America, both by population (>18 million) and by area (>42,000 mi2 or >108,000 km2). Often referred to as the "Land of Eternal Spring" for its agreeable year-round temperatures in much of the ...

  20. Measles: CDC urges vaccination amid rise in cases in the US and ...

    Travelers who get sick with a rash, high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes should seek medical attention, but the CDC advises giving the clinic some advance notice before you go, so ...

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