Travel Vaccines and Advice for India
The Taj Mahal, Hampi, the Himalayas and the Caves of Ajanta are just the beginning for amazing sights in India. For thousands of years, the subcontinent has been the cradle of one of the most amazing cultures to visit.
Every year, tourists from around the globe flock to India to see its amazing sights and sounds. Whether you are a spiritual pilgrim, a business executive or an adventure seeker, India is sure to have something for you.
Do I Need Vaccines for India?
Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for India. The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for India: hepatitis A , hepatitis B , typhoid , cholera , yellow fever , Japanese encephalitis , rabies , meningitis , polio , measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) , chickenpox , shingles , pneumonia and influenza .
COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. Check with your local Passport Health clinic if immunization is offered in your area.
See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:
- COVID-19 – Airborne & Direct Contact – Recommended for all unvaccinated individuals who qualify for vaccination
- Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travelers
- Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Accelerated schedule available
- Typhoid – Food & Water – Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
- Cholera – Food & Water – A risk for travelers throughout India. Avoid swimming in popular rivers or streams as cholera may be present. Vaccination is recommended for some travelers.
- Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if traveling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
- Japanese Encephalitis – Mosquito – Recommended for all regions except: Dadra, Daman, Diu, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Lakshadweep, Meghalaya, Nagar Haveli, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Sikkim.
- Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travelers and those who may come in contact with animals.
- Polio – Food & Water – May be required if arriving from countries with active transmission. Recommended for some travelers to the region. Single adult booster recommended.
- Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
- TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
- Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
- Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
- Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
- Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
- Meningitis – Airborne & Direct Contact – Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students.
See the tables below for more information:
Some mosquito-borne diseases are also prevalent in India including:
- Malaria – Antimalarial medication is recommended for many regions in India. Speak with a travel health specialist to learn if these are right for your itinerary.
- Dengue Fever – Another mosquito-borne disease, dengue affects millions each year. Unfortunately, there is no vaccination against dengue approved in the United States. Make sure you take precautions against mosquitoes like using repellents and mosquito netting.
Fortunately, the Zika virus has yet to arrive in India.
To learn more about these infections, see their respective vaccination or infection pages.
If you are traveling to India, make sure you are protected. Visit your local Passport Health to receive a comprehensive consultation on what you will need to stay safe. Book your appointment online now or call us at and make sure your dream trip doesn’t become a nightmare.
Do I Need A Yellow Fever Vaccine for India?
The yellow fever vaccine is not recommended for travelers to India. However, a yellow fever vaccination may be required for entry to India. If you are coming to India from a country where yellow fever is present you may be required to show proof of immunization. For example, if you are traveling from some South American countries to India, proof of yellow fever immunization may be required.
How To Prevent Delhi Belly (Travelers’ Diarrhea)
Delhi Belly (or travelers’ diarrhea ) is very common among travelers. Up to 70 percent of international travelers will come down with travelers’ diarrhea during their trips. This is especially true for visitors to India.
Causes can range from viral or bacteria infections to just a difference in cuisine. But, no matter how it happens, travelers’ diarrhea can ruin a trip.
There are a few precautions you can take to avoid travelers’ diarrhea:
- Avoid risky eating – Be smart about where and what you eat. Street carts may not be the best place to grab a snack, but you also don’t need to only eat pre-packaged foods. Use good judgment to decide where would be best to chow down.
- Watch what you drink – Indian water can be contaminated with bacteria and other biologics that could cause travelers’ diarrhea. Be sure anything you drink is clean. If at a restaurant, do not drink anything with ice as it is likely made from unclean water.
- Consider preventative care – Some products, like Travelan, will provide you with some protection against travelers’ diarrhea.
Be sure to bring a travelers’ diarrhea kit that includes antibiotics or similar products that can help stop diarrhea if it occurs.
To learn more about what you can do to avoid Delhi Belly, see our travelers’ diarrhea page . Or, book an appointment with your local Passport Health by calling or scheduling online now .
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for India?
India requires all U.S. travelers have a visa prior to entering the country. Visa requirements vary based on the purpose of travel, length of stay and family background. A passport with at least six months validity is also required.
Sources: Embassy of India and U.S. State Department
What Is the Climate Like In India?
India is a big country, the weather can be different depending on where you go. Here’s some information about the weather in some of India’s most popular places:
- Goa: Goa is a beach place in India. The best time to go is from November to February when the weather is dry and comfortable.
- Delhi: Delhi is a city in India. The best time to go is from October to March when the weather is good.
- Mumbai: Mumbai is a city in India. The best time to go is from November to February when it’s cooler.
- Jaipur: Jaipur is a city in India. The best time to go is from October to March when the weather is good.
- Agra: Agra is a city in India. The best time to go is from November to March when the weather is good.
- Kerala: Kerala is a place in India with lots of rain. The best time to go is from September to March when it’s dry.
Remember that the weather can change every year, so it’s always a good idea to check before you go.
How Safe Is India?
Avoid an embarrassing stop, over 70% of travelers will have diarrhea., get protected with passport health’s travelers’ diarrhea kit .
India is generally safe, but is still a developing country in many ways. Try to avoid the Indian-Pakistani border, as growing tensions have led to a less safe situation.
Petty crime, especially theft is common. This happens mostly in trains and buses. pick-pocketing is known to occur in some tourist areas. Violent crime is traditionally uncommon, though there has been a slight increase in recent years.
Scamming has become more common in many popular areas. Be especially careful in airports and train stations. If an offer for cheap transportation or hotel rooms seems too good, it probably is. Only use well-known travel agencies when booking your trip and planning activities in-country.
LGBT individuals will want to be especially careful as laws on homosexuality are unclear. While prosecution is rare, LGBT visitors may wish to avoid drawing attention.
What Should I Pack For India?
Packing for India can be a bit tricky, as the country is different from many popular travel destinations:
- Pack light – Moving from place to place in India can be a bit tricky. Many forms of transportation have a tight fit and having something you can easily haul around is key. Bringing an extra backpack isn’t a bad idea either as a purse or small bag may not be enough to carry water, an umbrella and similar items.
- Prepare for weather – Be sure to pack according to what season you’ll be in the country. Where you are headed is also a key factor as the Himalayas are a much cooler region.
- Wear the right footwear – You’ll likely be doing a lot of walking (or even standing) in India. Make sure your shoes are up for the trip, your feet will thank you.
- Bring a complete first-aid kit – The CDC has a complete list of recommended health items which can be found here . Some notable items include: sunscreen, insect repellent, hand sanitizer and diarrhea medicine like DiaResQ or other remedies.
Where Is the U.S. Embassy in India?
The State Department recommends all travelers to India enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive automated notifications from the U.S. Embassy. This program provides important information to travelers about potential threats in countries you may be visiting.
The U.S. Embassy in India is located at:
U.S. Embassy New Delhi Shantipath, Chanakyapuri New Delhi – 110021 India Telephone: +(91) (11) 2419-8000 Fax: +(91) (11) 2419-8407
Whether you are traveling for business or pleasure, India is an absolutely amazing destination. From the Himalayas to the coast of the Indian Ocean, the country’s unique culture and feel has something for every type of traveler.
To learn more about what you can do to prepare for an Indian trip, visit your local Passport Health clinic. Book your appointment today by calling or scheduling online now.
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- Section 10 - China
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CDC Yellow Book 2024
Author(s): Kristin VanderEnde, Meghna Desai
Destination Overview
Infectious disease risks, environmental hazards & risks, safety & security, availability & quality of medical care.
India is approximately one-third the size of the United States but has 4 times the population—almost 1.4 billion people—making it the second most populous country in the world, behind China. Rich in history, culture, and diversity, India is the birthplace of 4 of the world’s religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism. India is experiencing rapid urbanization, as noted in the growth of megacities (e.g., Delhi, Mumbai). India’s topography is varied, ranging from tropical beaches to deserts, foothills, and the Himalaya Mountains. Northern India has a more temperate climate; the south is more tropical year-round. Many travelers prefer India during the winter (November–March), when temperatures are more agreeable.
Because of India’s size, short-term travelers usually select a region of the country to visit for any given trip. A typical itinerary to the north includes the cities of Agra, Delhi, Varanasi, and cities in Rajasthan State (e.g., Jaipur [the Pink City] and Udaipur). More southern routes might swing through the beaches of Goa and the cities of Bengaluru (Bangalore) and Mumbai. In the east, Kolkata (Calcutta) is considered the cultural capital of the country.
Despite the many and varied itineraries, most health recommendations for travelers to India are similar. The incidence of some illnesses (e.g., those transmitted by mosquitoes) is greater during the monsoon season (June–September), which has high temperatures, heavy rains, and the risk of flooding. Travelers visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) require extra consideration. Because they might stay in rural areas not often visited by tourists or businesspeople, live in homes, and eat and drink with their families, VFR travelers are at greater risk for many travel-related illnesses (see Sec. 9, Ch. 9, Visiting Friends & Relatives: VFR Travel ). Some VFR travelers might not seek pretravel health advice since they are returning to their land of origin.
All travelers to India should be up to date with routine immunizations . Infants 6–11 months old should get 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine before travel to India; this dose does not count as part of the routine childhood vaccination series. Vaccination against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is recommended for travelers to India; specific guidance varies by age of the traveler (see the disease-specific chapters in Section 5). Additionally, India requires travelers coming from countries reporting cases of polio to show proof of oral polio vaccination; travelers should check with the Ministry of Health to learn if there is a requirement for a dose of polio vaccine prior to entry into India.
Enteric Infections & Diseases
Active cholera transmission has been reported from India in recent years and might be underreported. For current cholera vaccine recommendations for travel to India, refer to the destination page on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Travelers’ Health website. For more information on cholera, see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 5, Cholera .
Giardiasis (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 12, Giardiasis ) is a major cause of diarrheal disease and is associated with morbidity in both children and adults in India. Travelers should maintain good hand hygiene, avoid drinking tap water, and should exclusively consume boiled, bottled, or filtered water (see Sec. 2, Ch. 9, Water Disinfection ).
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E virus is transmitted through fecally contaminated water and person-to-person through the fecal–oral route (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 10, Hepatitis E ). Highly endemic to India, hepatitis E is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure. Infection during pregnancy puts people at greater risk for severe disease as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., miscarriage, neonatal demise).
Travelers drinking untreated water or going to areas with poor sanitation are at risk for infection. Travelers should maintain good hand hygiene; avoid tap water; drink only boiled, bottled, or filtered water; and eat thoroughly cooked meats (see Sec. 2, Ch. 8, Food & Water Precautions ). Travelers immunized against hepatitis A who develop symptomatic hepatitis likely have hepatitis E.
Travelers’ Diarrhea
Travelers’ diarrhea (TD) is acquired through ingestion of contaminated food, water, or beverages, particularly in places where basic hygiene and sanitation infrastructure is poor. Both cooked and uncooked foods are potential vehicles for infection if handled improperly. The risk for TD is high in India; travelers have >60% likelihood of developing TD during a 2-week journey. Discuss self-treatment for diarrheal illness with travelers (see Sec. 2, Ch. 6, Travelers’ Diarrhea , and Sec. 2, Ch. 8, Food & Water Precautions ).
Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever
In the United States, ≈85% of cases of typhoid fever are in people who traveled to India or other countries in South Asia (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 24, Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever ). Thus, even for short-term travel, typhoid vaccine is recommended. Patients hesitant to be vaccinated might be persuaded by learning that typhoid fever acquired in South Asia is typically multidrug-resistant, and in a growing number of instances extensively drug–resistant. Remind all travelers to India to also practice good hand hygiene and follow safe food and water precautions.
Paratyphoid fever, a clinically similar disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Paratyphi A, B, and C, has become increasingly prevalent in South Asia, but typhoid vaccines are not protective against this infection.
Respiratory Infections & Diseases
Coronavirus disease 2019.
All travelers going to India should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines .
Endemic Fungi
Four environmentally transmitted fungal pathogens are predominant to India; risk to travelers varies by activity and underlying health conditions.
Aspergillosis
Aspergillus spp. are airborne fungi that cause a broad array of illnesses ranging from mild to severe. Azole resistance and unavailability of amphotericin B complicate treatment. Most severe aspergillosis illness occurs in patients who are severely immunocompromised or critically ill.
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus neoformans exists in the environment worldwide. The fungus is typically found in soil, on decaying wood, in tree hollows, or in bird droppings . When inhaled, C. neoformans can cause a pneumonia-like illness. C. neoformans also is known to cause meningitis, especially in people who are immunocompromised or living with HIV. Diagnostic testing is limited in India.
Histoplasmosis
In areas where Histoplasma spp. are endemic, occupational and recreational (e.g., bat or birdwatching, cave exploration) activities that disrupt the soil surface can release infectious mold spores into the air. If inhaled, these spores can cause acute pulmonary disease and, more rarely, focal or disseminated extrapulmonary infection (see Sec. 5, Part 4, Ch. 2, Histoplasmosis ).
Mucormycosis
Various modes of transmission (inhalation being most common) for Mucorales spp. have been described. Underlying diabetes mellitus and glucocorticoid steroid use are among the major risk factors for mucormycosis in India. Mucormycosis has become a risk among patients recovering from COVID-19 and is associated with poor outcomes in these patients.
Influenza virus circulation in India usually peaks during the monsoon season (June–September) with secondary peaks during winter (November–February). Furthermore, the actual timing of the influenza season varies across the country due to differences in regional climates. Influenza vaccine coverage in India is assumed to be very low (no official data are available). Travelers who receive the Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine might not be fully protected from the viral strain circulating in India and should observe all necessary behavioral precautions to protect themselves from influenza, including frequent handwashing and respiratory etiquette. Travelers to India are strongly encouraged to receive an influenza vaccine directed against the Southern Hemisphere influenza strains from their health care providers, either in the United States (if available) or in India.
Tuberculosis
Approximately 25% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide are reported from India. Travelers planning to work in high-risk settings or in crowded institutions (e.g., homeless shelters, hospitals, medical clinics, prisons) are at risk for exposure. Travelers visiting ill friends or relatives or engaging in congregate activities (e.g., religious gatherings) also can face TB exposure risk.
Discuss the importance of testing before and after travel, and measures travelers can take to prevent disease. Travelers with anticipated exposure risks should undergo tuberculin skin testing have an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) before leaving the United States (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 23, . . . perspectives: Testing Travelers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection ). If a tuberculin skin test is used, CDC recommends the 2-step method for establishing a baseline. If the predeparture test results are negative, repeat the same type of test 8–10 weeks after the traveler returns from India.
Use of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in health care workers who will have increased risk of exposure during travel has been proposed, although this recommendation remains controversial (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 22, Tuberculosis ). US Food and Drug Administration–approved BCG formulations are no longer available in the United States.
Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV
As of 2019, an estimated 2.3 million people in India were living with HIV infection. Although the reported adult HIV prevalence in India is low, prevalence is much greater in specific locations (e.g., in the states of Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland) and among high-risk populations (e.g., people who inject drugs, transgender people, men who have sex with men, and female sex workers). Condomless sex increases a traveler’s risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
Indian law penalizes acts related to prostitution, including running a brothel, soliciting, and trafficking. High-quality condoms and other barrier methods are available for sale in drugstores in India. Homosexuality is not illegal in India.
Skin Infections
Superficial dermatophytosis.
In addition to emerging viral and multidrug- resistant bacterial pathogens, superficial dermatophytosis has become a significant problem for travelers to India, largely due to the presence of a widespread fungal strain that is highly resistant to treatment. Indiscriminate use of topical antifungal + highly potent steroid combination preparations is believed to have contributed to the rise of the fungal strain. Travelers who develop a rash they think is ringworm should be aware that creams sold widely in drugstores in India can worsen the infection and cause other health problems. Consider prescribing a product that travelers can take in their travel health kit. For severe or recurrent infections, consider posttravel molecular testing for species identification (see Sec. 11, Ch. 8, Dermatologic Conditions ).
Soil- & Waterborne Infections
India accounts for 65% of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Southeast Asia, and 27% of all cases globally. Pathogens are found in both urban and rural areas, and include roundworm ( Ascaris lumbricoides ), hookworm ( Ancylostoma duodenale and Necatur americanus ), and whipworm ( Trichuris trichiura ). Symptoms might be nonspecific and include abdominal pain, diarrhea (with blood or mucous), fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. To reduce the risk for infection, travelers should pay attention to hand hygiene, safe food and water precautions, and always wear shoes (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 13, Soil-Transmitted Helminths ).
Vectorborne Diseases
Chikungunya, dengue & zika.
During the last several years, India has experienced outbreaks of chikungunya, transmitted by infected Aedes species ( Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus ) mosquitoes. Chikungunya symptoms are similar to those of dengue and malaria, but often with severe and persistent arthralgia (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 2, Chikungunya ).
Dengue is transmitted by infected Aedes species ( Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus ) mosquitoes and is endemic to all of India except at high elevation in mountainous regions (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 4, Dengue ). Large outbreaks can occur, including in many urban areas. Incidence is greatest during the wet summer season, which includes the monsoon season (June–September). Aedes mosquitoes bite both indoors and outdoors. Travelers to India should take measures to protect themselves from mosquito bites (see Sec. 4, Ch. 6, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods ).
Zika is a risk in India. Because of the possibility for birth defects in infants born to mothers infected with Zika during pregnancy, people who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant should review the most recent recommendations .
Japanese Encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is present throughout the country. Transmission occurs mostly from May–October in northern states and year-round in southern states. The JE virus is transmitted to humans who live and work in rural areas (typically around rice paddies and irrigation systems), primarily by Culex mosquitoes that feed on infected birds, pigs, and other mammals. Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, severe headache, vomiting, general weakness, and neurological symptoms. Vaccination is recommended for people traveling extensively in rural areas, long-term travelers, and people assigned to work in endemic areas (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 13, Japanese Encephalitis ).
Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar)
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), transmitted by sandflies ( Phlebotomus argentipes ), presents with acute fever and splenomegaly (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 15, Visceral Leishmaniasis ). Travelers to India should take measures to protect themselves from both day- and night-biting sandflies (see Sec. 4, Ch. 6, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods ).
Lymphatic Filariasis
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is transmitted by several mosquito vectors that bite during day, evening, and night, including Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquito spp. (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch .9, Lymphatic Filariasis ). LF presents with lymphedema and elephantiasis many years after the infection; in men, LF can present with hydrocele (swelling of the scrotum). In most instances, short-term travelers are at low risk because multiple bites over time are necessary for infection. Long-term travelers and expatriates are at greater risk.
Malaria remains a public health problem in India. Both Plasmodium vivax and chloroquine- resistant P. falciparum are found throughout India, including the cities of Mumbai and New Delhi; most cases occur in 7 states: Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. Malaria-transmitting mosquitoes bite primarily between dusk and dawn. For recommended prophylaxis and mosquito bite precautions, see Sec. 2, Ch. 5, Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prevention Information, by Country ; Sec. 4, Ch. 6, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods ; and Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 16, Malaria .
Rickettsial Diseases
Rickettsial infections, including outbreaks, are present across India; scrub typhus is the most common (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 18, Rickettsial Diseases ). Infection is seasonal (after the rainy season), more prevalent in rural areas, and often presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms. Travelers should wear long sleeves and pants and protect exposed skin with insect repellents when visiting potential vector-infested areas, especially areas with forest and vegetation (see Sec. 4, Ch. 6, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods ). Counsel travelers to seek prompt medical care for acute fever onset, rash, or eschar (tan, brown, or black tissue) around an insect bite.
Yellow Fever
India has no risk for yellow fever (YF), and CDC has no recommendations for travelers to receive YF vaccine before going to India. The Government of India, however, has strict and carefully defined country entry requirements for proof of vaccination against yellow fever from travelers ≥9 months old (infants <9 months old exempted) arriving from areas with risk of yellow fever virus transmission (for details, see Sec. 2, Ch. 5, Yellow Fever Vaccine and Malaria Prevention Information, by Country ).
Air Quality
Air pollution is a major public health problem across India, and travelers might encounter high-level exposures to various pollutants in urban, peri-urban, and rural settings. All travelers to India should be aware of local air pollution concerns and any advisories in effect on a day-to-day basis (see Sec. 4, Ch. 3, Air Quality & Ionizing Radiation ). Vulnerable groups (e.g., children, older people) and people with preexisting health conditions (e.g., asthma, chronic lung disease, coronary artery disease) are particularly at risk for adverse outcomes. When air quality is poor or expected to deteriorate, travelers should avoid outdoor activities and follow local health guidance from the Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF), Central Pollution Control Board, and the US Embassy and US Consulates in India .
Altitude Illness & Acute Mountain Sickness
Popular tourist destinations in India include the high-elevation Himalayas. Inform travelers visiting these areas about the early symptoms of altitude illness and acute mountain sickness, to not ascend to higher elevations when experiencing symptoms, and to descend if symptoms become worse while resting at the same elevation (see Sec. 4, Ch. 5, High Elevation Travel & Altitude Illness ). Travelers with certain underlying medical problems can be at increased risk for adverse events associated with travel to high elevations and should consult a physician familiar with this topic prior to departure.
Animal Bites & Rabies
India has the highest burden of rabies in the world; rabid dogs are common (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 18, Rabies ). Travelers bitten or scratched by a dog or other mammal in India might have limited or no access to postexposure rabies treatment; rabies immune globulin is generally not available in India. Encourage travelers to consider purchasing a medical evacuation insurance policy that will cover travel to receive recommended rabies postexposure prophylaxis. Discuss preexposure rabies vaccination with travelers who have high exposure risk, including adventure travelers, campers, cave explorers, children, people for whom there is an occupational exposure risk (e.g., veterinarians, wildlife biologists), and people visiting rural areas.
Animal bites and wounds can transmit diseases other than rabies. Cellulitis, fasciitis, and wound infections can result from the scratch or bite of any animal. Potentially fatal to humans, B virus is carried by macaques (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 1, B virus ). These Old World monkeys inhabit many of the temples in India, scatter themselves in many tourist gathering places, and are kept as pets. Macaques can be aggressive and often seek food from people. When visiting temples, travelers should not carry any food in their bags, hands, or pockets. Stress to travelers that they should not approach or attempt to handle monkeys or other animals. If bitten, travelers should seek immediate medical care.
Travelers, particularly those going to rural areas, should be aware of the risk for snake bites, and should take precautions to wear solid shoes or boots and use a flashlight when walking outside at night.
Climate & Sun Exposure
Sun exposure and heat-related illnesses are concerns for travelers in India, particularly during summer months and at high elevations (see Sec. 4, Ch. 1, Sun Exposure , and Sec. 4, Ch. 2, Extremes of Temperature ). Travelers should eat and drink regularly, wear loose and lightweight clothing, and limit physical activity at times when temperatures are high.
Natural Disasters
Natural disasters, including cyclones, droughts, earthquakes, floods, and landslides, are not uncommon in India. Travelers should become aware of the natural disaster risks at their destination. Encourage US citizens and nationals traveling and living in India to enroll in the US Department of State’s Smart Traveler Enrollment Program to receive information from the US embassy on safety conditions, and to help the US embassy in India contact them in an emergency, including during natural disasters.
Crime does occur in India, but rarely is it directed toward foreign travelers; verbal and sometimes physical harassment of female foreign travelers is a concerning exception. Although most victims of harassment are locals, attacks in tourist areas highlight the fact that visitors to India are also at risk and should exercise vigilance and situational awareness. Petty crimes (e.g., pickpocketing, purse snatching) are very common when using public transportation, while out walking, and in heavily populated tourist areas.
Mass Gatherings
Drawing tens of millions of people, Kumbh Mela is the largest mass gathering event / religious pilgrimage in the world. Celebrated according to the Hindu calendar, Kumbh Mela occurs 4 times over an approximately 12-year cycle. During each observance of this normally 4-month long festival, pilgrims ritually bathe in one of 4 sacred rivers in India; in 2021, Kumbh Mela was limited to 30 days due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Mass casualty trauma (e.g., crush injuries, stampedes) and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and enteric and respiratory pathogens are among the more serious risks to health and safety associated with attendance (see Sec. 9, Ch. 10, Mass Gatherings ).
Political & Religious Unrest
Demonstrations and general strikes ( bandh ) often cause inconvenience. Religious violence occurs occasionally. Travelers should obey curfews and travel restrictions, and avoid demonstrations and rallies because of the potential for violence.
India continues to experience terrorist and insurgent activities that can affect US citizens directly or indirectly. Terror attacks have targeted public places (e.g., cinemas, hotels, markets, mosques, restaurants in large urban areas, trains and train stations), including some places frequented by tourists. Although an attack can occur at any time, they generally take place during the busy evening hours in markets and other crowded places. Travelers should pay attention to US Department of State advisories regarding issues that arise at some borders, religious tensions, or terrorist activities. In times of instability, travelers should seek guidance from the US Embassy or Consulates in India website for appropriate action (see Sec. 4, Ch. 11, Safety & Security Overseas ).
Traffic-Related Injuries
India’s roadways are some of the most hazardous in the world, and have large numbers of traffic- related deaths, including among pedestrians (see Sec. 8, Ch. 5, Road & Traffic Safety ). Animals, bicycles, overcrowded buses, motor scooters, people, rickshaws, and trucks all compete for space on streets and roads, increasing the risk for crashes. Travelers should fasten seat belts when riding in cars, and wear a helmet when riding bicycles or motorbikes. Advise travelers to avoid boarding overcrowded buses and not to travel by bus into the interior of the country or on curving, mountainous roads. Discourage nighttime driving (long-distance travel in particular), even with a hired, paid driver.
While India ranks highly in the international quality standards maintained at its major private hospitals that employ the bulk of the country’s doctors, it lags in postoperative care (e.g., environment, hygiene, infection control) and regulations (e.g., facilitators, hospitals, insurance, medicolegal issues) as compared to regional competitors.
Travelers needing medical care while traveling can contact the US embassy in India for referrals, speak to a hotel concierge, or see links to find medical treatment by category, and a list of hospitals accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (Constituent Board of the Quality Council of India). Most major hospitals in big cities accept payment by major credit cards; hospitals and doctors in smaller cities might only accept cash.
Medical Tourism
Well-trained English-speaking health care practitioners and low cost for high-quality treatment make India a health care destination for a mix of alternative (ayurveda, homeopathy, yoga), curative (cosmetic, surgical), and wellness medicine.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge substantial contributions to the sections on vectorborne, foodborne, and waterborne diseases from Dr. Kayla Laserson, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, India. We thank the following people for their expert review and contributions across various sections of the chapter: Dr. Syed Asrafuzzaman, Department of Health and Human Services (Availability & Quality of Medical Care); Mr. Yvon Guillaume, US Department of State (Safety & Security); Dr. John Jereb, CDC (Tuberculosis); Dr. Deepika Joshi and Dr. Melissa Nyendak, CDC India (HIV & Sexually Transmitted Infections); Dr. Vikas Kapil, CDC (Air Quality); Dr. Siddhartha Saha, CDC India (Influenza); and Dr. Anoop Velayudhan, Indian Council of Medical Research (Fungal Infections and Superficial Dermatophytosis).
The following authors contributed to the previous version of this chapter: Phyllis E. Kozarsky, Pauline Harvey
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Children’s Investment Fund Foundation. Worms in India: the scale up and success of a world-leading deworming program. 2019. Available from: https://ciff.org/news/worms-india-scale-and-success-world-leading-deworming-programme .
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de Saussure PPH. Management of the returning traveler with diarrhea. Ther Adv Gastroenterol. 2009;2(6):367–75.
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National AIDS Control Organization. Sankalak: status of national AIDS response, second edition. New Delhi: NACO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2020. Available from: http://naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/Sankalak%20Status%20of%20National%20AIDS%20Response,%20Second%20Edition%20(2020).pdf .
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Sudarshan M, Narayana DA. Providing evidence for effective prevention and control of rabies in India. Indian J Public Health. 2019 Sep;63(Suppl 1):S1.
Verma R, Khanna P, Chawla S. Recommended vaccines for international travelers to India. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(10):2455–7.
World Health Organization. World malaria report 2019. Geneva: The Organization; 2019. Available from: www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565721 .
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- v.10(4); 2014 Apr
Vaccination for safe travel to India
Bharti mehta.
Department of Community Medicine; PGIMS; Rohtak, India
Harashish Jindal
Bhumika bhatt, vijay kumar dharma, satvinder choudhary.
Worldwide more than 900 million international journeys are undertaken every year. India is one of the favorite tourist destinations around the world. International travel exposes travelers to a range of health risks. Traveling to India possess a threat to travelers with waterborne diseases like bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever; vector borne diseases like dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria; animal contact disease like rabies. Furthermore diseases spreading through behavior aspects cannot be ruled out hence posing a risk for hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C as well. Hence, before travel the travelers are advised about the risk of disease in the country or countries they plan to visit and the steps to be taken to prevent illness. Vaccination offers the possibility of avoiding a number of infectious diseases that may be countered abroad. There is no single vaccination schedule that fits all travelers. Each schedule must be individualized according to the traveler’s previous immunizations, countries to be visited, type and duration of travel, and the amount of time available before departure.
Introduction
Tourism has been recognized as a potent engine for socio-economic development of any nation. Because of its inter-sectorial linkages it possesses the potential to stimulate other economic factors as well. In this rapidly shrinking world, International travel has risen from 25 million international tourists in 1950 to 1.035 million international tourists in 2012 and an estimated increase to 1.8 billion tourists in 2030. 1
Worldwide more than 900 million international journeys are undertaken every year. India is one of the favorite tourist destinations around the world. In comparison to the previous year, there has been substantial growth in foreign tourist arrivals which rose from 6.31 million to 6.65 million accounting to 5.4% and Foreign Exchange Earnings which rose from US $77 591 to US $94 487 crore accounting to 21.8% during the year 2012. 2
International travel exposes travelers to a range of health risks. Many of these risks can be minimized by precautions taken before, during and after travel. Hence, before travel the travelers are advised about the risk of disease in the country or countries they plan to visit and the steps to be taken to prevent illness. 3
Vaccination offers the possibility of avoiding a number of infectious diseases that may be countered abroad. However, satisfactory vaccines have not yet been developed against several of the most life-threatening infections, including tuberculosis, malaria, dengue and HIV/AIDS. There is no single vaccination schedule that fits all travelers. Each schedule must be individualized according to the traveler’s previous immunizations, countries to be visited, type and duration of travel, and the amount of time available before departure. 3
Following vaccination, the immune response of the vaccinated individual varies with the type of vaccine, the number of doses required, and whether the individual has been vaccinated previously against the same disease. For this reason, travelers are advised to consult a travel medicine practitioner or physician 4–8 wk before departure in order to allow sufficient time for optimal immunization schedules to be completed. 3
Traveling to India possess a threat to travelers with waterborne diseases like bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever; vector borne diseases like dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria; animal contact disease like rabies. 4 Further more diseases spreading through behavior aspects cannot be ruled out hence posing a risk for hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C as well.
Vaccine Recommendations for Travelers
Numerous international, national, and professional organizations publish guidelines and recommendations that assist travel health providers in giving the best possible advice to prospective travelers. Some of the reasons why guidelines differ include availability of products in different countries, a different cultural perception of risk, lack of evidence (or differing interpretations of the same evidence), and sometimes just honest differences in opinion among experts. 5
Vaccines Recommended for India Travel 6
The vaccination recommended for India travel includes yellow fever, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, tetanus-diphtheria, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, influenza, pneumococcal, typhoid fever, and some other selective vaccines like cholera, Japanese encephalitis, and rabies ( Table 1 ).
Travel is a good opportunity for the health care provider to review the immunization status of infants, children, adolescents and adults. Unimmunized or incompletely immunized travelers should be offered vaccination as recommended. A health care provider or travel medicine clinic should be consulted 2 to 3 mo in advance of travel in order to allow sufficient time for optimal immunization schedules to be completed. Vaccination offers the possibility of avoiding a number of infectious diseases that may be countered abroad. But it is important to remember that all health problems faced by international travelers are not preventable by vaccines. It is also important to remember that immunization is not a substitute for safe practices, careful selection and handling of food and water.
10.4161/hv.27234
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
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Please Note: If you travel to India from the UK, transiting through Europe or the Middle East (and you have not been in a South American or African country in the previous week) a yellow fever vaccination certificate is not required.
Notes on the diseases mentioned above
Risk is higher during floods and after natural disasters, in areas with very poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water.
- Diphtheria :  spread person to person through respiratory droplets. Risk is higher if mixing with locals in poor, overcrowded living conditions.
Risk is higher where personal hygiene and sanitation is poor.
Risk is higher for long stays, frequent travel and for children (exposed through cuts and scratches), those who may require medical treatment during travel.
- Japanese Encephalitis :  spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. This mosquito breeds in rice paddies and mainly bites between dusk and dawn. Risk is highest for long stay travellers to rural areas, particularly if unable to avoid mosquito bites.
- Tetanus :  spread through contamination of cuts, burns and wounds with tetanus spores. Spores are found in soil worldwide. A total of 5 doses of tetanus vaccine are recommended for life in the UK. Boosters are usually recommended in a country or situation where the correct treatment of an injury may not be readily available.
- Typhoid :  spread mainly through consumption of contaminated food and drink. Risk is higher where access to adequate sanitation and safe water is limited.
Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease transmitted by mosquitoes.You cannot be vaccinated against malaria.
Malaria precautions
- Malaria risk is present throughout the year. Risk is highest in north-eastern states of Meghalaya, Mizoram, district of Amini in Arunachal Pradesh, north and south Chhattisgarh, Odisha (Orissa) and the city of Mangalore. In central Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh risk is not high enough to warrant antimalarial tablets for most travellers, however, it may be considered for certain groups who may be at higher risk (see below under Low risk with additional advice).
- There is low to no risk in all other areas.
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- High risk areas: atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline OR mefloquine are usually advised.
- Low risk with additional advice: antimalarial tablets are not usually recommended, however, they can be considered for certain travellers who may be at higher risk e.g. longer stay in rural areas, visiting friends or relatives, those with medical conditions, immunosuppression or those without a spleen. Atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline OR mefloquine is advised for those at risk.
- Low to no risk: antimalarial tablets are not usually advised
- If you have been travelling in a malarious area and develop a fever seek medical attention promptly. Remember malaria can develop even up to one year after exposure.
- If travelling to an area remote from medical facilities, carrying standby emergency treatment for malaria may be considered.
Other Health Risks
Altitude and travel, dengue fever.
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For further information, see Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and COVID-19: Health Considerations for Travel pages.
Polio Vaccine Requirement for India
There is no risk of polio in this country. However, proof of polio vaccination may be necessary if you are travelling to India from a country where polio is still found. Please discuss this with a travel health professional.
Zika Virus Infection
This country has been categorised as having a risk of Zika (ZIKV) virus transmission.
ZIKV is mainly spread through mosquito bites. The mosquito responsible most commonly bites during daylight hours and is common in towns and cities.
The illness is usually mild but infection during pregnancy may lead to babies being born with birth defects. There is no vaccine currently available against ZIKV.
Advice for All Travellers
You should practice strict mosquito bite avoidance at all times. Do not travel without adequate travel insurance . Seek pre-travel health advice from a travel health professional 6 to 8 weeks in advance of travel.
Additional recommendations for pregnant travellers or those planning pregnancy
If you are planning pregnancy in the very near future you should consider whether you should avoid travel to this country.
- contact your GP, obstetrician or midwife for further advice, even if you have not been unwell or had any symptoms of ZIKV infection
- use barrier methods of contraception during and after travel and for the duration of your pregnancy, even in you have not been unwell or had any symptoms of ZIKV infection
- If you develop symptoms of ZIKV infection, it is recommended that you avoid becoming pregnant for a further 2 months following your recovery
- 2 months afterwards if you are female
- 3 months afterwards if you are male or if both partners travelled
These measures reduce the chance of sexual transmission of ZIKV and/or the risk of ZIKV infection in pregnancy.
For further information, see Zika virus infection page.
- 09 Feb 2024 - Kyasanur Forest disease in India: Karnataka
- 145 additional items in the news archive for this country
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22 things you need to know before visiting India
Dec 15, 2023 • 14 min read
India is a feast for the senses and we've got everything you need to know before you visit © Andrii Lutsyk / Ascent Xmedia / Getty Images
India is a place that overwhelms your senses in the best possible way – nowhere else delivers quite the same barrage of sights, sounds and sensations as this continent-sized country at the heart of Asia.
It would take a lifetime to see all of India , let alone understand every nuance and facet of this nation of 1.4 billion inhabitants. But with a little preparation, you can learn to navigate the richness of this country, from its snow-capped peaks and velvety beaches to its historic temples and luxuriant palaces.
We've collated the top things you need to know about visiting India, but the journey begins before you leave home. Apply for your Indian visa online for a smooth arrival on the subcontinent. Read on for 22 more insider tips that will help make your vacation unforgettable.
1. Plan your trip around the seasons
India has a reputation for being hot and humid, but with beaches, mountains, hills, coastlines and plains all jammed into a relatively small geographical area, the climate is quite diverse. The southwest monsoon brings rainy weather to most of the country from June to September, but this is the best time of year to visit the high-altitude deserts of Ladakh , although depending on the route you take, you risk encountering landslides and floods.
In the far south, there’s also a milder rainy season from October to December. The ideal weather window for travel is from October to May, though temperatures and humidity climb to agonizing levels from March onwards in the run-up to the monsoon. If you find yourself in India in the spring, head to the Himalayan foothills for milder temperatures and good trekking conditions.
2. Get your jabs before you travel
There is no official requirement for vaccinations to enter India (although yellow fever vaccination is needed if you are traveling from a country where the disease is endemic).
That said, it is important that you contact a health professional at least eight weeks before you travel to ensure your jabs are up to date. Vaccinations for diphtheria and tetanus, hepatitis A and B, polio and typhoid are usually recommended, on top of childhood vaccinations for measles, mumps, rubella and varicella.
Vaccinations worth considering for longer trips include Japanese B encephalitis, meningitis and rabies. Monkeys, dogs and cats can all carry the rabies parasite, and infection is fatal if untreated.
3. Take malaria precautions
Depending on where in India you are traveling to, you may want to speak to your healthcare provider about taking a course of anti-malarial tablets. For instance, northeastern and eastern parts of India, as well as the city of Mangalore, have a higher malaria risk.
Always take precautions to avoid mosquito bites – this will also help you avoid dengue fever, a viral infection that is transmitted by mosquitoes to humans. Sleeping under a mosquito net, wearing long sleeves and trousers in light colors, and using a repellent and/or a plug-in mosquito killer with a high concentration of DEET (diethyltoluamide) is advisable.
4. Get insured
Travel insurance is essential for India. Depending on where you travel to, you may find public hospitals are poorly equipped. Additionally, most private clinics and hospitals require payment ahead of treatment. Make sure you are covered for emergency evacuation and also for any adventure activities you plan to get involved in.
If you’re unlucky enough to be a victim of crime, contact the local police station or dial 100 or 112, the national emergency number. You’ll need to get the police to file a report (a “FIR" – First Information Report) to make a claim on your travel insurance.
5. Book ahead for busy times and festivals
India can get very busy from November to February, so affordable accommodation is usually swamped in peak season. It’s a good idea to book ahead, either directly with the venues or via booking aggregator sites such as Agoda and MakeMyTrip .
Also, book train tickets in advance where possible , particularly for popular routes. Tickets can be booked (with a fair amount of hassle) via the government booking site IRCTC or more easily through local booking sites such as 12Go or Cleartrip .
6. Plan your comms before you travel
Many things in India (including train bookings or ordering food online) get easier if you have a local SIM card. Bring an unlocked phone from home (or pick one up locally) and get a phone shop to sign you up for a local pay-as-you-go SIM package on arrival. You’ll need to bring passport photos and photocopies of your passport ID pages to complete the application.
7. Check your lunar calendars
While India officially follows the Gregorian calendar, the major festivals for Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and several other religions follow lunar calendars and fall on different dates from year to year. Always check festival dates before you book your trip (bearing in mind these dates are subject to change); the Indian government maintains a useful online list of public holidays .
8. Learn local etiquette
English is the lingua franca in most metropolitan areas in India, and you’ll get away with polite hellos, goodbyes and thank yous in smaller towns too. However, if you’re traveling in northern India, you can say "namaste" (I bow to you) with your hands together in a prayer-like gesture in front of your chest. Similarly, when meeting Muslims in north India, you can say "salaam alaikum" (peace be with you) – the correct response is "alaikum salaam." Most of the time, it’s the effort that’s welcomed over pronunciation, so don’t be shy!
Shaking hands is a standard business greeting between men, but outside metropolitan regions, men and women rarely shake. Only ever use your right hand. The same rule applies when passing things to people – including money.
If you get invited to someone’s home, bring a small gift (flowers or sweets are always a safe bet) and remove your shoes before entering. It’s polite to eat and drink what you are offered, even if you don’t really fancy it.
9. Dress modestly
Depending on where in India you are, modesty is taken seriously – especially for women. Travelers of any gender will have an easier time if they wear loose-fitting clothing that covers their legs and arms. Swimwear is only appropriate for the beach – although it is not uncommon to see locals swim fully clothed. To fit in, consider investing in a kurta pyjama (a traditional garment resembling a long shirt and loose trousers for men) or a salwar kameez (a long shirt, loose trousers and scarf for women).
10. What to eat and how to eat it
Many religions in India have their own dietary rules. Muslims avoid pork, many Hindus avoid beef, and some Hindus and Buddhists are vegetarian or vegan. Many Jains are vegetarians who avoid some vegetables (most notably onions, garlic and potatoes) and who try to avoid causing harm to all living creatures. These rules mean vegan and vegetarian food is often easy to find in India.
Eating with your hands is the norm in many restaurants, particularly in parts of southern India. Take your cue from other patrons in the restaurant, and remember to eat with your right hand. Mix rice and curry into balls with your fingers and push it into your mouth with your thumb. Some thalis (plate meals consisting of multiple dishes served in tandem) are served not on a plate but on a washed and flash-heated banana leaf.
11. Haggling is not a game of life and death
Haggling for a fair price when buying things – in street stalls and open-air markets – is a way of life in India. Although it can sometimes be a frustrating experience, losing your temper is extremely bad form – if you can’t agree on a price with the vendor that you are both happy with, politely decline and shop somewhere else.
The rules of the game are as follows. The vendor will quote you a price that is more than the item is worth, then you’ll come back with a counter-offer, working up from there until you reach a mutually agreeable figure.
The “walking away” trick may bring a few last-minute adjustments, but before long, you’ll reach a threshold that the vendor won’t go below. Throwing in extra items may bring a discount on the overall cost. Many travelers prefer not to haggle in places where the money goes directly to artisans.
12. Respect etiquette at religious sites
Religion is taken very seriously in India, so it pays to know the rules and expectations for visits to temples, mosques, monasteries, gurdwaras (Sikh shrines), synagogues and churches. Always check if you are allowed to enter – some temples and mosques are closed to people who don’t follow the faith. Mosques may also be closed to visitors during prayers or on Fridays.
If asked to do so, remove your shoes before entering any religious building, and be prepared to cover your head with a scarf or shawl. Generally, always cover your legs and arms (a sarong can be handy as an emergency cover-all). Some temples also ban leather goods, and many religious sites do not allow photography.
Avoid pointing the soles of your feet towards a person or deity – this is considered disrespectful. The same goes for touching any person or effigy on the head. It is conventional to walk around Buddhist and Hindu shrines in a clockwise direction, in a ceremonial circuit known as a parikrama .
Making an offering or leaving a donation is often expected – locals always offer something, but be wary of people waving receipts showing huge donations. Giving something is appropriate, but don’t feel pressured into leaving large sums.
13. Giving alms is common but up to you
The giving of alms has a long history in India, and foreigners can expect to be approached regularly with requests for money. Whether you give or not is a personal choice, but many Indians give on a daily basis, particularly when visiting temples and mosques. Be aware that some requests for money will be scams, and you may be able to do more good by giving your time or cash to charity or aid organizations you’ve taken time to research, rather than handing out cash.
14. Respect local social attitudes
India has complex social rules about respect for elders. Depending on where you are traveling to, older people are often greeted with the honorific “auntie” or “uncle,” and the ending ji may also be added to someone’s name as a sign of respect.
Outside bigger cities, India can be quite conservative when it comes to interactions between unmarried men and women. Also, most parts of India are conservative when it comes to same-sex relationships. Whatever your sexuality, it’s best to avoid public displays of affection.
15. Street harassment is unfortunately common
Although harassment can happen anywhere, parts of India are constantly in the news owing to a lack of women’s safety. Beyond long, unwelcome stares and persistent attempts to start a conversation, more serious assaults are also a risk. Groping is common in crowds (particularly during festivals).
Exercise caution like you would anywhere else, and remain alert. Never get into a taxi or auto rickshaw containing anyone other than the driver, and avoid walking alone in quiet areas, particularly at night. Decline offers of food or drinks from strangers.
If traveling by public transport as a woman, it's best to seek out train carriages and designated seating reserved for women. Wearing a wedding ring (even if not married) and using dark sunglasses and headphones can buy you some privacy on public transport. If you are being hassled, drawing loud attention to the intrusion may encourage others to come to your aid.
16. Keep track of security situations in India
India has seen deadly attacks by separatist and Marxist groups and Kashmiri insurgents. Monitor the local news and be alert for suspicious behavior, particularly around major tourist sites. Always check the security situation before traveling to Srinagar and the Kashmir Valley in case of flare-ups of unrest. Strikes, demonstrations and protests are also best avoided, as violence is a risk. It goes without saying but in the event of trouble, obey local curfews and stay inside – your hotel is probably the safest place to be.
17. Take the altitude seriously when hiking
Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) is a risk when traveling above 2500m (8202ft), which covers most of the Indian Himalayas . AMS can be fatal, so always ascend slowly and take rest days to allow your body to acclimate to significant elevation changes. If you begin to feel ill while hiking in the mountains, stop, and if your symptoms don’t improve, descend immediately.
18. Familiarize yourself with local rules and regulations
India has a few laws and regulations that visitors might be unfamiliar with. For instance, taking photographs of bridges, the periphery of military camps and border crossings – or flying drones over them – is considered a serious security issue.
When traveling by plane internally in India, you may be asked to surrender batteries from devices in your cabin bags. Smoking is banned in most public places, and a few states also have bans on the consumption of beef – killing or injuring a cow in a road accident, even accidentally, can lead to violent reprisals.
To avoid sticky situations, take the time to research where you’re going, and talk to staff at your hotel or hostel or your B&B host for advice on things to be aware of.
19. Steer clear of drugs
India may have a reputation amongst travelers as a place to push boundaries, but its drug laws are strict. Possessing even small amounts of drugs for personal use can lead to a prison sentence.
Some religious groups are permitted to consume marijuana for ceremonial purposes, but that often doesn’t extend to tourists. You can, however, find bhaang – a marijuana mixture made with the leaves (rather than the bud) of the cannabis plant – at government-approved bhaang shops.
20. Avoid the tap water
The tap water in India is not potable. Drinking or brushing your teeth with it can be a fast track to stomach troubles – the most common illness tourists experience in India. Stick to purified or bottled water (or even better, purify your own to avoid contributing to India’s plastic waste mountain).
The water rule extends to ice (be wary of ice in drinks and ice cream) and to uncooked foods, particularly salads and dishes such as coriander chutneys, which may have been washed with contaminated water. When eating fruit, stick to things you can peel or wash thoroughly yourself, and be cautious of freshly prepared juices. Hot drinks are generally fine, so drink your fill of chai (milky tea, often spiced and sweet).
21. Watch local news to keep track of natural disasters
Some geographical areas in India are prone to natural disasters, and the risk is higher in certain seasons. Hilly areas of Himachal Pradesh, for instance, often see flash flooding and landslides during the monsoon. Be alert to signs of natural disasters and keep an eye on the local news so you know which areas to avoid. Follow the Indian Meteorological Department’s website as well as their social media handle for timely updates.
If you are caught up in a natural disaster, follow the advice of emergency workers and try to leave the area quickly.
22. Spot the scams
India has a reputation for scams designed to separate tourists from their money, and touts and confidence tricksters can often be found where tourists gather. Get tourist information and make bookings at official offices, rather than “tourist offices” you have been led to by people offering unsolicited help.
If anyone steers you to a hotel, shop or other establishment without you asking, they may be angling for a commission, which will be added to the price you pay. Be dubious of claims that the place you want to go is “closed” – always check yourself to be sure.
Exercise common sense and be wary of deals that sound too good to be true – for example, the gem scam, where travelers are tricked into buying worthless gems to “sell at a profit back home.”
This article was first published March 2022 and updated December 2023
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Latest update
Exercise a high degree of caution in India overall due to the threat of terrorism and crime and the risk of civil unrest.
Higher levels apply in some areas.
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Local emergency contacts
All emergencies, fire and rescue services, medical emergencies, advice levels.
Exercise a high degree of caution in India overall.
Exercise a high degree of caution in India overall due to the threat of terrorism and crime and the risk of civil unrest. (see Safety ).
Do not travel to the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir; and the India-Pakistan border (except the Atari-Wagah border crossing). This doesn't apply to the Union Territory of Ladakh, which was established as its own union territory of India in October 2019, separate from the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Do not travel to the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir; and the India-Pakistan border (except the Atari-Wagah border crossing) due to the danger of armed clashes, terrorist activities and violent demonstrations.
This doesn't apply to the Union Territory of Ladakh, which was established as its own union territory of India in October 2019, separate from the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. (see ' Safety ')
Reconsider your need to travel to the Atari-Wagah border crossing, north-eastern states of Assam (except Guwahati), Nagaland and Manipur; and Chhattisgarh and the border areas of neighbouring states.
Reconsider your need to travel to:
- the Atari-Wagah border crossing
- North-eastern states of Assam (except Guwahati), Nagaland and Manipur;
- Chhattisgarh; and
- the border areas of neighbouring states
due to the high risk of violence (see ' Safety ').
- Terrorist activities, violent demonstrations and armed clashes sometimes occur in India. Avoid crowded places and possible targets. Large crowds at religious ceremonies and gatherings can also be dangerous. People have been killed in stampedes. Always have an exit plan.
- Due to ongoing farmers' protests, law enforcement authorities have imposed prohibitory orders restricting large gatherings in Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. You could face delays crossing Delhi borders by road and at railway and metro stations. If you have an international flight scheduled from New Delhi, monitor local media and plan your travel accordingly.
- Women may face higher levels of verbal and physical harassment or sexual assault. Avoid travelling alone, even in major cities and tourist sites.
- Travellers have been robbed and assaulted after consuming spiked drinks or food. Don't leave your food or drinks unattended or accept food or drinks from strangers. Petty theft is common in crowded areas such as markets and public transport. Thieves on motorbikes snatch bags and jewellery. Carry only what you need. Pay close attention to your belongings.
- Scams are common. These can involve fake tour guides, ATM and credit card skimming, and fraudulent access to government services. If you're a scam victim, report it to the police to get an official report for your travel insurer.
- Severe weather is common. This includes heat waves and dust storms in summer and flooding during the monsoon season. Check with your tour operator for possible disruptions.
Curfews and restrictions have been imposed in parts of Manipur following violent demonstrations, resulting in casualties. Security agencies have increased their presence in the region. Mobile internet and transport services continue to be affected. Further restrictions may be imposed at short notice. If you are in Manipur, you should a void demonstrations and large public gatherings, monitor local media for updates, follow the advice of local authorities, and take official warnings seriously.
Full travel advice: Safety
- Medical facilities in major cities have adequate treatment standards. The availability of treatment can be very limited or unavailable in remote and rural areas. You may need to be evacuated if you're seriously ill or injured. Medical evacuation can be very expensive.
- Swine flu is widespread during winter. Talk to your doctor about flu shots.
- Malaria is a risk in many parts of India, including major cities. Dengue is widespread during the monsoon season. Zika virus outbreaks may occur. Other insect-borne diseases include Japanese encephalitis, chikungunya and filariasis. Ensure your accommodation is insect-proof. Use insect repellent. Get vaccinated. If you're pregnant, discuss this with your doctor.
- HIV/AIDS is widespread. Take precautions if you engage in high-risk activities.
- Waterborne, foodborne, parasitic and other infectious diseases are very common. These include cholera, typhoid and hepatitis. Drink only treated or bottled water. Avoid raw or undercooked food.
- Air pollution can reach dangerous levels, especially in winter. It can disrupt transport and cause breathing problems. Discuss your travel plans with a doctor if you have an existing health condition.
Full travel advice: Health
- Always carry your passport and ensure you have a valid visa. It's illegal not to. Conducting missionary work without a proper visa is illegal.
- Don't use or carry illegal drugs. Penalties for drug offences include mandatory sentences and the death penalty.
- Check local alcohol laws before you visit. Laws on the legal drinking age and alcohol purchase vary between states.
- It's illegal to import, possess or use e-cigarettes, vaporisers or their components, such as refills. Penalties include imprisonment.
- It's illegal to fly drones and other unmanned aircraft without official permission. Contact local police for advice. It's illegal to carry or export antiquities without a permit. Contact your nearest Indian embassy or consulate for advice. It's illegal to photograph airports, military sites and dams. Some places of worship also prohibit photography.
- Carrying or using a satellite phone or device without official permission is illegal. You may be arrested for carrying a satellite phone or device.
- Cows roam freely in India. It's illegal to maim or kill them deliberately. In some states, the penalty is up to 5 years in jail.
- India has strict dress and behaviour codes, especially at religious sites. Physical contact between men and women in public might be considered inappropriate.
Full travel advice: Local laws
- You must apply for a visa before arrival. Check your eligibility and apply online for an e-visa by visiting the Government of India's Indian Visa Online website. For information on other visa types and immigration requirements, see the eFRRO and Bureau of Indian Immigration websites or contact the nearest high commission/embassy or consulate of India for the latest details.
- You may need permission from Indian authorities to visit 'restricted' or 'protected' areas, particularly in the north-east.
- Travelling by road in India can be dangerous, particularly at night. Accidents are common.
Full travel advice: Travel
Local contacts
- The Consular Services Charter details what we can and can't do to help you overseas.
- For consular help, contact the Australian High Commission in New Delhi , or the Australian Consulate-General in Mumbai, Chennai or Kolkata.
- To stay up to date with local information, follow the High Commission's social media accounts.
Full travel advice: Local contacts
Full advice
Terrorist attacks are possible in India anywhere and at any time.
The Australian Government continues to receive reports that terrorists are planning attacks in India.
The Indian Government regularly issues public alert warnings about possible terrorist attacks.
Terrorist attacks could target foreigners. Violence directed at others may affect you.
Terrorists have targeted popular tourist areas, including:
- hotels, markets and cinemas
- tourist and religious sites
- transport hubs and public transport networks
- sporting events
- local courts and Indian security and political establishments
Targets could also include major tourist attractions and shopping centres.
Attacks could happen during significant times such as:
- Republic Day, 26 January
- Independence Day, 15 August
- periods of religious significance
- other major holidays - noting each state has different holidays
Many terrorist attacks in India have involved multiple explosions, one after the other. These attacks have caused a high number of deaths.
Militants have crossed the border into India to conduct attacks in the past. This will likely continue.
Attacks on the military and police in Jammu and Kashmir often lead to violent clashes.
Outside of major cities, security on public transport is limited, including on buses and railways.
Security at airports has improved due to the threat of terrorist attacks against Indian aviation interests.
To protect yourself from terrorist attacks:
- check the media for threats
- take official warnings seriously
- consider the level of security at your destination
- avoid areas that are possible terrorist targets
- have a clear exit plan for crowded places and potential targets
- report suspicious activity or items to the police
If there's an attack, leave the area as soon as it's safe. Avoid the affected area in case of secondary attacks.
- Terrorism is a threat worldwide.
More information:
Jammu and Kashmir
On 5 August 2019, the Government of India announced constitutional changes that affected the internal political status of Jammu and Kashmir.
A heightened Indian security presence is now in place, with additional restrictive measures applying to public gatherings and internet and telecommunications services. Monitor local media and follow the advice of local authorities.
In the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir there is a high risk of:
- armed clashes
- terrorist attacks
- violent demonstrations
There is a higher risk in rural areas and areas close to the border with Pakistan.
Terrorists have kidnapped foreigners in Jammu and Kashmir. Terrorists have also targeted tourist buses.
People have been killed and seriously injured in widespread violent protests. More police have been sent to the region.
Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
Maoist insurgents, known as Naxalites, have attacked rural and forested areas of the state of Chhattisgarh.
There is a risk of Naxalite violence in border regions of:
- Maharashtra
- Andhra Pradesh
Borders with Pakistan
Parts of the India-Pakistan border have a high risk of:
- cross-border attacks
Always be alert to possible threats near the Atari-Wagah border crossing.
North-eastern states of Assam (except Guwahati), Nagaland and Manipur
The north-eastern states of Nagaland, Manipur and Assam, except Guwahati city, have a high risk of:
- armed robbery
- separatist and insurgent violence
This includes rural areas.
Insurgent groups in these states have:
- attacked civilians
- bombed buildings
The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers.
If, despite the risks, you decide to travel to an area where there's a threat of kidnapping:
- seek professional security advice
- arrange effective personal security measures
More information:
Civil unrest and political tension
Due to ongoing farmers' protests, law enforcement authorities have imposed prohibitory orders restricting large gatherings in Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. You could face delays crossing Delhi borders by road towards townships in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Additional security may also be in place at railway and metro stations. If you have an international flight scheduled from New Delhi, plan your travel accordingly. Monitor local media and follow instructions provided by authorities.
Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can turn violent.
Violent protests and demonstrations occur from time to time. They can happen with little or no warning.
Many people have died due to civil unrest and communal violence in India.
Triggers for demonstrations include:
- international events
- political developments in the region
- election periods
- local events
Demonstrations may affect public transport.
Large crowds at religious ceremonies and gatherings can be dangerous. They have led to life-threatening situations such as stampedes.
Indian authorities may:
- set curfews
- limit mobile network availability
- restrict activity
To protect yourself from civil unrest and violence:
- avoid demonstrations, political events, rallies, processions and large public gatherings
- check the news and other sources for information
- avoid areas affected by civil unrest
- follow the advice of local authorities
- plan your activities to avoid days of national and commemorative significance
Be prepared to change your travel plans if there's an incident.
If you're affected by transport disruptions, contact your airline, travel agent or insurer for help.
Demonstrations and civil unrest
Sexual assault
Women in India may experience:
- unwanted attention
- sexual assault
It is rare for people who commit these crimes to be successfully prosecuted by the law.
There are consistent, ongoing allegations and reports of sexual misconduct. These reports have involved religious groups and their leaders. If you're visiting India for religious reasons, find out about your hosts before travelling.
Avoid travelling alone if you're female, even in major cities and tourist sites.
- Advice for women
- Sexual assault overseas
Drink and food spiking
Many travellers have been robbed and assaulted after consuming spiked drinks or food.
Home-made or unlabelled alcohol can be poisonous.
Drink spiking incidents have occurred:
- on public transport
- in hotels, restaurants and bars
Drink and food spiking is rare at:
- business-class hotels
- upscale bars and restaurants
The risk of drink and food spiking is higher in smaller establishments.
To protect yourself from food and drink spiking:
- don't accept food or drinks from strangers
- don't leave drinks unattended
- if you're not certain your drink is safe, don't drink it
Petty crime
Petty theft is common in crowded areas such as:
- trade fairs
- airports and train stations
- public transport, including overnight and long-distance trains
Thieves on motorcycles snatch bags and jewellery.
To protect yourself from petty crime:
- pay close attention to your personal belongings, especially in crowded areas
- carry only what you need, including your passport
- leave valuables in a secure location
- avoid wearing expensive watches, jewellery and cameras
- avoid carrying bags that are easy to snatch
If you're walking, stay on footpaths, if possible, and:
- away from the curb
- with your bag held away from traffic
Avoid travelling alone, especially at night:
- in cars, taxis and rickshaws
Avoid less populous and unlit areas. This includes city streets, village lanes and beaches.
Scams in India can involve:
- ATM and credit cards
- train tickets
- temple donations
- tour guides
Tour guide scams
Tour guides attempt to sell fraudulent tour packages. Some guides may try to 'prove' that your existing tour package is invalid to sell you their package.
Strangers posing as 'guides' may attempt to take travellers to tourist areas. The fake guide transports the victim to an isolated area, where they then attempt to rob and assault them.
Check that any person holding a placard with your name knows where you are going.
Card skimming scams
Card skimming devices copy details from the magnetic strip on your ATM and credit cards. These details are transferred onto a blank card for the criminal to use. There is a high risk of card skimming at ATMs.
To avoid credit and debit card scams:
- keep your credit card in sight at all times
- don't show your PIN to others, especially when using ATMs
- check your transaction statements
Government services scams
Touts or agents near government offices tell foreigners they can provide faster services for a fee. They may be present around places such as the Foreigner Regional Registration Office.
Reporting scams
If you're the victim of a scam report it immediately to the nearest police station. You may not be able to get your money or goods back. However, the police can give you an official report so you can make a claim with your insurer. See Local contacts.
Cyber security
You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you're connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or Bluetooth.
Social media can also be risky in destinations with social or political tensions or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media.
- Cyber security when travelling overseas
Tours and adventure activities
Touts may use aggressive tactics to persuade you to buy tickets for tours. You'll often see them at:
- railway stations
- bus stations
They may not have any connection to tour services. You may be overcharged.
Businesses don't always follow safety and maintenance standards. This includes:
- tour operators
- adventure activities
If you plan to do an adventure activity :
- check if your travel insurance policy covers it
- check the credentials of the operator
- ask about and insist on minimum safety requirements
- always use available safety gear, such as life jackets or seatbelts
If proper safety equipment isn't available, use another provider.
Wildlife safety
Tigers attack and kill people in India.
Monkeys may attempt to steal items from people at temples and busy tourist attractions.
If you plan to observe or photograph wildlife:
- always respect wildlife laws and park regulations
- only use reputable and professional guides
- keep a safe distance
Climate and natural disasters
Severe weather.
India experiences natural disasters and severe weather , including:
- heatwaves and drought
- floods and landslides
- cyclones and storms
- dust storms
- earthquakes and tsunamis
If there's a natural disaster:
- always carry your passport in a waterproof bag
- keep in touch with family and friends
- check the media, the India Meteorological Department website and other local sources for information
Heatwaves and drought
The climate in India is varied.
Heatwaves can cause droughts and water shortages in summer.
Floods and landslides
Monsoon rains occur from June to October.
Monsoon rains can cause extensive flooding and landslides.
High-risk areas include:
- Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in the north and east
- Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in the south
Floods have affected millions of people and caused many deaths.
If you're travelling during monsoon season, ask your tour operator if services have been affected.
Cyclones and storms
Cyclones are common in Indian waters from April to December. They are particularly common around the Bay of Bengal in eastern India.
Coastal and some inland areas are vulnerable to storm surges, particularly:
- Odisha, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry
- Lakshadweep
- the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Western India (Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat)
Cyclones and storms can disrupt critical services, including:
- emergency and medical care
- telecommunications
- food and water supplies
If there's a cyclone or storm:
- you may get stuck in the area
- flights could be delayed or suspended
- available flights may fill quickly
- adequate shelter may not be available
If you arrive during the wet season, contact your tour operator to check if services are affected.
Dust storms
Dust storms occur during summer and have caused deaths.
Earthquakes and tsunamis
Earth tremors are common in India, particularly in the north-eastern states.
Earth tremors can cause landslides in hilly and mountainous areas.
If there is an earthquake, expect severe disruptions to services.
To stay safe during an earthquake:
- know the emergency plans at your accommodation
- follow the instructions and advice of local authorities
- follow evacuation orders
All oceanic regions of the world can experience tsunamis. However, the Indian and Pacific Oceans experience large, destructive tsunamis more often. Be alert to warnings. A tsunami could quickly follow a tremor or earthquake.
Move to high ground straight away if:
- local authorities advise you to
- you feel a strong earthquake that makes it hard to stand up
- you feel a weak, rolling earthquake that lasts a minute or more
- you see a sudden rise or fall in sea level
- you hear loud and unusual noises from the sea
Don't wait for official warnings. Once on high ground, monitor local media and weather services.
Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System
Travel insurance
Get comprehensive travel insurance before you travel.
Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.
If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.
If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.
- what activities and care your policy covers
- that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away
Physical and mental health
Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition.
See your doctor or travel clinic to:
- have a basic health check-up
- ask if your travel plans may affect your health
- plan any vaccinations you need
Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.
If you have immediate concerns for your welfare or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.
- General health advice
- Healthy holiday tips (Healthdirect Australia)
Medications
Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.
If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in India. Take enough legal medicine for your trip.
Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:
- what the medication is
- your required dosage
- that it's for personal use
Health risks
Swine flu (h1n1).
Cases of Swine flu or influenza A (H1N1) are widespread in winter.
Talk to your GP or travel doctor about vaccinations before you leave Australia.
Insect-borne diseases
Malaria is a risk in most parts of India, including major cities.
Dengue is widespread after the monsoon season.
Other insect-borne diseases are common, including:
- Japanese encephalitis
- chikungunya
Zika virus outbreaks can occur in India. There's no vaccination available for the Zika virus.
If you're pregnant:
- talk to your doctor about your travel plans
- defer non-essential travel to affected areas
To protect yourself from disease:
- make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
- use insect repellent
- wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing
- consider taking medicine to prevent malaria
Zika virus fact sheet (WHO)
Nipah Virus
Nipah virus outbreaks can occur in India. There’s no vaccination available for the Nipah virus. Nipah virus is usually transmitted through contact with an infected person or through infected animals, such as bats, as well as food and materials contaminated with their saliva or urine.
HIV/AIDS is widespread in India. Take precautions if you engage in activities that expose you to the risk of infection.
Other health risks
Waterborne, foodborne, parasitic and other infectious diseases are very common, including:
- tuberculosis
Tap water is not safe to drink.
To protect yourself from illness:
- drink treated water or drink bottled water with intact seals
- avoid ice cubes
- avoid raw and undercooked food
- don't swim in freshwater
- avoid contact with dogs, monkeys and other mammals
If you're bitten or scratched by an animal, seek medical help straight away.
Get medical attention if you suspect food poisoning or have a fever or diarrhoea.
Infectious diseases
Air quality
Air pollution levels in parts of India can spike to hazardous levels during the winter months, October to February.
Severe pollution can cause:
- flight delays
- traffic delays
It can also increase the risk of breathing problems.
People who have pre-existing medical conditions, particularly heart and lung conditions, may be especially affected.
If you're concerned about the levels of air pollution:
- seek medical advice
- follow advice from local authorities about methods to reduce exposure
- monitor an air quality index
- reduce your exposure
- System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting Research (SAFAR)
- Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC)
Medical care
Medical facilities.
Medical facilities in major cities have adequate treatment standards. Facilities in remote and rural areas can be very limited or unavailable.
If you're seriously ill or injured, you may be evacuated to a place with better facilities. Medical evacuation can be very expensive with long lead times.
Restrictions on airspace in some locations (including, but not limited to, Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir) may prevent commercial medical evacuation. Should you be involved in a serious accident, air evacuation by the Indian Air Force may be the only option. Costs can be in the tens of thousands of dollars.
Medical tourism
Medical tourism has become more common in India, including for:
- cosmetic procedures
- experimental stem cell treatments
Standards at a discount and uncertified medical establishments can be poor.
Serious and possibly life-threatening complications can and do occur.
If you plan to visit India for medical tourism:
- research and choose your medical service providers carefully
- don't use discounts or uncertified medical service providers
Decompression chambers
Decompression chambers are available at:
- the Indian Navy base in Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- the Goa Medical College, Goa
You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.
If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter . But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.
If you're arrested for a major offence, you could go to prison for several years before you receive a verdict.
If you're imprisoned, there could be delays in getting help from the Australian Government. This is due to India's consular access approval requirements.
Drugs and alcohol
Penalties for drug offences are severe and can include mandatory sentences and the death penalty.
The minimum legal drinking age ranges from 18 to 25 years, depending on the state.
The legal drinking age can vary for different types of alcohol.
Some states permit alcohol use for medicinal purposes only. Others require you to hold a permit to buy, transport or drink alcohol.
Some states prohibit alcohol from being brought in from outside the state, and police may check vehicles to enforce this law.
Check the alcohol laws of each place you plan to visit.
E-cigarettes and vaporisers
It is illegal to import, possess or use e-cigarettes, vaporisers or their components, such as refills. Penalties include imprisonment.
Surrogacy laws
Commercial surrogacy is illegal in India.
- Going overseas for international surrogacy
- Going overseas to adopt a child
It's illegal to give or receive a dowry.
Courts can issue arrest alert notices for dowry claims a wronged party's request.
If you've been involved in giving or receiving a dowry or a case has been filed against you for dowry and harassment, you could be arrested on arrival into India.
It's illegal to fly unmanned aircraft systems, such as drones, without official permission, particularly:
- within a 30km radius of India Gate in New Delhi
- near military, transport and power facilities
Contact local police for advice and to get permission.
Antiquities
Possessing or exporting antiquities without official permission is illegal. For information contact the Indian Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs or an embassy or consulate of India .
Photography
It's illegal to photograph or trespass on:
- military establishments
It's also illegal to take pictures or videos of some places of worship. Always check with the building's administrative office before taking photos or videos.
In India, it's illegal to:
- not carry your passport and a valid visa
- carry or use a satellite phone, satellite GPS or other satellite-enabled navigation devices without official permission
- possess firearms or ammunition
- do religious missionary work without an appropriate visa
Those carrying and/or using satellite phones and satellite-enabled navigation devices may be denied entry to India, detained, arrested and/or fined. This may occur even in the case of transits.
In some states, attempting to convert a person to another religion is illegal by force or other enticement.
It's also illegal to maim or kill a cow deliberately. The penalty is up to 5 years imprisonment in some states.
Serious crimes
Some crimes may result in the death penalty, including:
- kidnapping for ransom
- armed robbery with murder
- rape, in certain circumstances
- Staying within the law and respecting customs
- Advice for LGBTI travellers
- Doing business
Australian laws
Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.
Staying within the law
Local customs
Codes of dress and behaviour are strict in India. These are particularly important at religious sites.
Physical contact between men and women in public might be considered inappropriate. Take care not to offend.
If in doubt, seek local advice.
In India, the Islamic holiday month of Ramadan is observed. Respect religious and cultural customs and laws at this time.
During Ramadan, eating, drinking and smoking may be illegal in public during the day. If you're not fasting, avoid these activities around people who are. Seek local advice to avoid offence.
Explore our Ramadan page to learn more, including dates for Ramadan.
Dual citizenship
The Indian constitution doesn't recognise dual nationality.
Indian law allows people of Indian origin in some countries to apply for Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI). This includes people in Australia.
Check the Overseas Citizenship of India section of the Indian Government's Ministry of Home Affairs website for details.
Dual nationals
Visas and border measures
Every country or territory decides who can enter or leave through its borders. For specific information about the evidence you'll need to enter a foreign destination, check with the nearest embassy, consulate or immigration department of the destination you're entering.
Visa requirements
You must apply for a visa before arrival. Check if you're eligible for an e-visa on the Indian Visa Online website. For information regarding other visa categories or entry and exit requirements, see the Indian High Commission in Australia website.
For information and advice regarding Indian visas and immigration regulations while in India, see the FRRO/FRO and the Bureau of Immigration websites.
If your visa has expired or you have overstayed your visa, make sure you regularise your immigration status with the FRRO/FRO before you seek to travel. Immigration authorities may prevent you from leaving India on an expired visa.
If you have had a baby in India, register the baby with the FRRO and secure an exit permit before you travel.
Electronic visas
You may be eligible for an Electronic Visa (e-Visa) for:
- medical reasons
Get your e-Visa at least 4 days before you arrive.
Check that you're eligible before you apply. See the Government of India's Indian Visa Online website for details.
Tourist e-Visa
Indian Tourist e-Visas can be granted for 30 days, one year or five years. Additional conditions regarding the maximum length of stay may apply depending on the nationality shown on your passport. Detailed information regarding your visa validity and the maximum length of stay for each visa category can be found on the Indian Visa Online and Ministry of Home Affairs websites.
Beware of fake websites offering e-Visa services.
Carry a printed copy of your e-Visa, known as an electronic travel authorisation (ETA).
You'll get a formal visa in your passport when you arrive in India.
Long queues are common at immigration counters in India, regardless of visa type.
Not all international airports in India allow passengers to enter with an e-Visa. Check with your nearest Indian consulate, embassy or agent and organise a visa before you arrive.
If you present an e-Visa at an entry point where the e-Visa is not recognised, you:
- won't be able to apply for any other visa
- won't be allowed to enter India
- will be deported
If you have an e-Visa, you can leave India from any authorised immigration checkpoint.
Other visas
All other visa applicants should contact the nearest Indian embassy or consulate.
Other conditions
If you don't have a valid passport or visa, you could be deported by Indian authorities.
Some visas require you to register yourself within 14 days of your arrival. Failing to do so may prevent you from departing India. Visit the Ministry of Home Affairs website for details.
The Australian High Commission and Australian Consulate-Generals in India can't help you to stay if you don't have the correct documents.
Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the Indian High Commission in Canberra for details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules.
Ministry of Home Affairs
Volunteering
If you're considering volunteer work, talk to the nearest embassy or consulate about visa requirements before travelling. This includes students visiting India under the New Colombo Plan.
Volunteer responsibly.
Make sure you are contributing in an ethical and meaningful way.
Overstays and exit visas
You could incur heavy penalties for overstaying your visa, including being jailed.
Check your visa conditions and make sure you comply.
Leave India before your visa expires.
If your passport is lost or stolen while you're in India, contact the nearest Australian mission to get a replacement travel document. You'll then need to get an exit visa through the online porta l Foreigner's Regional Registration Office (FRRO) before you leave.
If your passport is lost or stolen:
- report it to the police
- arrange a replacement travel document from the nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate
- apply for an exit visa from the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs
Other formalities
Currency laws.
Laws controlling the import and export of Indian rupees, foreign currency and other goods can change with little notice.
Contact your nearest Indian embassy or consulate for up-to-date information.
Yellow fever vaccination
You'll need a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate to enter India if you travel from an area where yellow fever occurs.
See the Indian Government's Bureau of Immigration for advice.
Countries with a risk of yellow fever (PDF 152KB)
Long-stay registration
If you plan to stay in India for more than 180 days and do not hold an OCI card, register within 14 days of arrival with the Foreigner Regional Registration Office (FRRO) in major cities.
In other areas, you can register with the Superintendent of Police.
All visitors on long-term visas must register. This includes the following visas:
- project visas
You must register even if you're a foreigner of Indian origin.
If you don't register, you could face fines or imprisonment.
You may not be able to leave India until the Bureau of Immigration grants permission.
Some countries require you to have at least 6 months of validity remaining on your passport after the date you plan to leave. This can apply even if you're transiting or stopping over.
Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.
The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting a new passport .
Lost or stolen passport
Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.
Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.
If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:
- In Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service .
- If you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate .
Passport with 'X' gender identifier
Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can't guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers.
- LGBTI travellers
ATMs that accept international debit and credit cards are widely available in larger cities and towns. However, they're harder to find in rural areas.
Cash shortages at ATMs can be a problem in rural areas.
Traveller's cheques are not widely accepted.
Counterfeit currency is in circulation. Take care when dealing with cash.
Reserve Bank of India
Local travel
Travel delays.
Travel delays are common.
Expect delays around days of national significance, including:
Fog often affects northern India, particularly during December and January. Fog may cause:
- delays to air and rail travel
- dangerous road travel conditions
Travel restrictions
You may need permission from Indian authorities to visit areas designated as 'restricted' or 'protected', particularly in the north-east.
Some state and union territory governments restrict foreigners from travelling around these areas. Additional permission may be required for foreigners born in certain countries. This also applies to Australians born in those countries, even if travelling on an Australian passport.
There are heavy penalties for entering a protected or restricted area without permission.
The Ministry of Home Affairs has temporarily excluded the following areas from the Protected Area regime. Visit the Bureau of Indian Immigration webpage for details.
If you plan to visit a protected or restricted area or to confirm if additional requirements apply to your circumstances:
- seek advice from an embassy or consulate of India or the Ministry of Home Affairs
- apply at least 4 weeks in advance
Driving permit
You can drive without an Indian driver's licence for 3 months if you have both:
- an International Driving Permit
- your current Australian driver's licence
Your licence must be valid for the type of vehicle you are driving.
You need an Indian driver's licence if you plan to drive in India for over 3 months.
Your insurance may be void if you have an accident without the correct licence. You could be liable for the accident as an unlicensed driver.
Road travel
Travelling by road in India can be dangerous. Accidents are common.
Hazards include:
- poorly maintained vehicles
- poor quality and congested roads
- roads shared with pedestrians, carts, cattle and other livestock
- vehicles travelling in the wrong direction, often without warning
Travelling by road at night is particularly dangerous due to:
- insufficient or non-existent lighting
- other vehicles driving with headlights off or on high beam
If you hit a pedestrian or cow, you're at risk of being attacked or becoming a victim of extortion, even if you weren't driving the vehicle.
If it's unsafe to remain at the scene of an accident, go to the nearest police station.
To stay safe when driving:
- avoid driving at night
- avoid driving in fog
- if you hit a pedestrian or cow, go straight to the nearest police station
Driving or riding
Motorcycles
If you plan on riding a motorbike:
- check that your travel insurance policy covers you
- exercise caution
- always wear a helmet
Use a pre-paid taxi service when you arrive at the airport.
It's difficult to verify if street taxis are legitimate.
Use taxi services booked from hotels or taxi stands. Don't hail taxis on the street.
Don't use unmarked private cars as taxis.
Rideshare apps are widely used in major cities. You can use these apps with a local SIM card.
Public transport
Bus and train services can be dangerous due to the following:
- overcrowding
- poor maintenance
- drivers who don't have adequate training
If you travel by train, find out where the emergency exits are located.
Transport and getting around safely
There may not be safety equipment, such as life jackets, on:
- tourist boats
- other small commercial crafts
Before you book, check the operators' credentials and safety equipment.
Travelling by boat
DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.
Check India's air safety profile with the Aviation Safety Network.
Call 1800 11 1363 for 24/7 tourist helpline in 12 languages, run by the Ministry of Tourism.
Contact your provider with any complaints about tourist services or products.
Ministry of Tourism
Emergencies
Depending on what you need, contact your:
- family and friends
- travel agent
- insurance provider
Always get a police report when you report a crime.
Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.
Consular contacts
Read the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.
For consular assistance, contact:
Australian High Commission, New Delhi
No. 1/50 G Shantipath (Gate 1)
Chanakyapuri
New Delhi 110 021
Phone: (+91 11) 4139 9900
Fax: (+91 11) 2687 2228
Website: india.highcommission.gov.au
Email: [email protected]
Facebook: Australia in India
X (Twitter): @AusHCIndia
Instagram: AusHCIndia
Australian Consulate-General, Mumbai
Level 10, A Wing
Crescenzo Building
Opp MCA Cricket Club
G Block, Plot C 38-39
Bandra Kurla Complex
Mumbai 400 051
Phone: (+91 22) 6757 4900
Fax: (+91 22) 6757 4955
Website: mumbai.consulate.gov.au
Email: [email protected]
Australian Consulate-General, Chennai
9th Floor, Express Chambers
Express Avenue Estate
Whites Road
Chennai 600 014
Phone: (+91 44) 4592 1300
Fax: (+91 44) 4592 1320
Website: chennai.consulate.gov.au
Email: [email protected]
Australian Consulate-General, Kolkata
1A, Ho Chi Minh Sarani
Kolkata 700 071
West Bengal
Phone: (+91 11 4910 5980)
Website: kolkata.consulate.gov.au
Email: [email protected]
Check the High Commission website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.
Australian Consulate-General, Bengaluru
The Ritz-Carlton
99 Residency Road
Bengaluru, Karnataka 560025
Phone: (+91 11) 4910 5960
Website: bengaluru.consulate.gov.au
Email: [email protected]
24-hour Consular Emergency Centre
In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:
+61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
1300 555 135 in Australia
Travelling to India?
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- COUNTRY INFORMATION
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Capital City: New Delhi
Official Languages: Hindi, English
Monetary Unit: Indian rupee
See also: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- General Information
- Vaccine Recommendations
- Other Risks
TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS ARE IN PLACE FOR THIS COUNTRY
There are entry requirements for anyone who plans to travel to England from this country. Please check here for further information. Advice may vary in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
The information on these pages should be used to research health risks and to inform the pre-travel consultation.
Due to COVID-19, travel advice is subject to rapid change. Countries may change entry requirements and close their borders at very short notice. Travellers must ensure they check current Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) travel advice in addition to the FCDO specific country page (where available) which provides additional information on travel restrictions and entry requirements in addition to safety and security advice.
Travellers should ideally arrange an appointment with their health professional at least four to six weeks before travel. However, even if time is short, an appointment is still worthwhile. This appointment provides an opportunity to assess health risks taking into account a number of factors including destination, medical history, and planned activities. For those with pre-existing health problems, an earlier appointment is recommended.
All travellers should ensure they have adequate travel health insurance .
A list of useful resources including advice on how to reduce the risk of certain health problems is available below.
- Food and water hygiene
- Insect and tick bite avoidance
- Personal safety
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Sun protection
Details of vaccination recommendations and requirements are provided below.
All travellers
Travellers should be up to date with routine vaccination courses and boosters as recommended in the UK . These vaccinations include for example measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus-polio vaccine.
Country-specific diphtheria recommendations are not provided here. Diphtheria tetanus and polio are combined in a single vaccine in the UK. Therefore, when a tetanus booster is recommended for travellers, diphtheria vaccine is also given. Should there be an outbreak of diphtheria in a country, diphtheria vaccination guidance will be provided.
Those who may be at increased risk of an infectious disease due to their work, lifestyle choice, or certain underlying health problems should be up to date with additional recommended vaccines. See the individual chapters of the 'Green Book' Immunisation against infectious disease for further details.
Certificate requirements
Please read the information below carefully, as certificate requirements may be relevant to certain travellers only. For travellers further details, if required, should be sought from their healthcare professional.
- There is no risk of yellow fever in India, however, there is a certificate requirement.
- Under International Health Regulations, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers aged 9 months and over arriving within 6 days of departure from an area with risk of yellow fever transmission.
- Anyone (except infants up to the age of 9 months) arriving by air or sea without a yellow fever vaccination certificate is detained in isolation for up to 6 days if that person (i) arrives within 6 days of departure from an area with risk of yellow fever transmission, or (ii) has been in such an area in transit (except those passengers and members of the crew who, while in transit through an airport situated in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission, remained within the airport premises during the period of their entire stay and the Health Officer agrees to such exemption), or (iii) arrives on a ship that started from or touched at any port in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission up to 30 days before its arrival in India, unless such a ship has been disinsected in accordance with the procedure laid down by WHO, or (iv) arrives on an aircraft that has been in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission and has not been disinsected in accordance with the provisions laid down in the Indian Aircraft Public Health Rules, 1954, or as recommended by WHO.
- Countries and areas regarded as having risk of yellow fever transmission are: Africa : Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, South Sudan, Togo and Uganda. Americas : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad (Trinidad only), and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of).
- Note: When a case of yellow fever is reported from any country, that country is regarded by the Government of India as a country with risk of yellow fever transmission and is added to the above list.
- According to World Health Organization (WHO), from 11 July 2016 (for all countries), the yellow fever certificate will be valid for the duration of the life of the person vaccinated. As a consequence, a valid certificate, presented by arriving travellers, cannot be rejected on the grounds that more than ten years have passed since the date vaccination became effective as stated on the certificate; and that boosters or revaccination cannot be required.
- View the WHO list of countries with risk of yellow fever transmission .
- There is no risk of polio in this country. However, proof of polio vaccination may be necessary for some travellers. Please check the World Health Organization: International Travel and Health for the latest country specific information.
Most travellers
The vaccines in this section are recommended for most travellers visiting this country. Information on these vaccines can be found by clicking on the blue arrow. Vaccines are listed alphabetically.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is a viral infection transmitted through contaminated food and water or by direct contact with an infectious person. Symptoms are often mild or absent in young children, but the disease can be more serious with advancing age. Recovery can vary from weeks to months. Following hepatitis A infection immunity is lifelong.
All travellers should take care with personal, food and water hygiene.
Hepatitis A vaccination
As hepatitis A vaccine is well tolerated and affords long-lasting protection, it is recommended for all previously unvaccinated travellers.
Hepatitis A in brief
Tetanus is caused by a toxin released from Clostridium tetani bacteria and occurs worldwide. Tetanus bacteria are present in soil and manure and may be introduced through open wounds such as a puncture wound, burn or scratch.
Travellers should thoroughly clean all wounds and seek medical attention for injuries such as animal bites/scratches, burns or wounds contaminated with soil.
Tetanus vaccination
- Travellers should have completed a tetanus vaccination course according to the UK schedule.
- If travelling to a country or area where medical facilities may be limited, a booster dose of a tetanus-containing vaccine is recommended if the last dose was more than ten years ago even if five doses of vaccine have been given previously.
Country-specific information on medical facilities may be found in the 'health' section of the FCDO foreign travel advice pages.
Tetanus in brief
Typhoid is a bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated food and water. Previous typhoid illness may only partially protect against re-infection.
Vaccination is recommended for most travellers, particularly travellers visiting friends and relatives, those in contact with an infected person, young children, frequent or long-stay travellers visiting areas where sanitation and food hygiene are likely to be poor, and laboratory personnel who may handle the bacteria for their work.
Typhoid vaccination
- Oral and injectable typhoid vaccinations are available.
Typhoid in brief
Some travellers.
The vaccines in this section are recommended for some travellers visiting this country. Information on when these vaccines should be considered can be found by clicking on the arrow. Vaccines are listed alphabetically.
Cholera is a bacterial infection transmitted by contaminated food and water. Cholera can cause severe watery diarrhoea although mild infections are common. Most travellers are at low risk.
Cholera vaccination
This oral vaccine is recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
- aid workers.
- those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to safe water and medical care.
- those for whom vaccination is considered potentially beneficial.
Cholera in brief
Hepatitis b.
Hepatitis B is a viral infection; it is transmitted by exposure to infected blood or body fluids. This mostly occurs during sexual contact or as a result of blood-to-blood contact (for example from contaminated equipment during medical and dental procedures, tattooing or body piercing procedures, and sharing of intravenous needles). Mothers with the virus can also transmit the infection to their baby during childbirth.
Hepatitis B in India
2% or more of the population are known or thought to be persistently infected with the hepatitis B virus (intermediate/high prevalence).
Travellers should avoid contact with blood or body fluids. This includes:
- avoiding unprotected sexual intercourse.
- avoiding tattooing, piercing, public shaving, and acupuncture (unless sterile equipment is used).
- not sharing needles or other injection equipment.
- following universal precautions if working in a medical/dental/high risk setting.
A sterile medical equipment kit may be helpful when travelling to resource poor areas.
Hepatitis B vaccination
Vaccination could be considered for all travellers, and is recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk including:
- those who may have unprotected sex.
- those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
- those who may be exposed to blood or body fluids through their work (e.g. health workers).
- those who may be exposed to contaminated needles as a result of having medical or dental care e.g. those with pre-existing medical conditions and those travelling for medical care abroad including those intending to receive renal dialysis overseas.
- long-stay travellers.
- those who are participating in contact sports.
- families adopting children from this country.
Hepatitis B in brief
Japanese encephalitis.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. These mosquitoes usually bite between dusk and dawn, mainly in rural areas; especially where there are rice fields, swamps and marshes. Mosquitoes become infected by biting JE infected animals (particularly pigs) or birds.
Travellers are at increased risk of infection when visiting rural areas. Short trips (usually less than a month) especially if only travelling to urban areas, are considered lower risk.
Japanese encephalitis in India
JE occurs in this country: in southern regions transmission is year-round. In northern regions, the transmission season is currently considered to be May to October, cases may be reported outside these months.
All travellers should avoid mosquito bites particularly between dusk and dawn.
Japanese encephalitis vaccination
- Vaccination is recommended for those whose activities put them at increased risk (see above).
- Vaccination could be considered for those on shorter trips if the risk is considered to be sufficient e.g. those spending time in areas where the mosquito breeds such as rice fields, marshlands, or pig farming areas.
Japanese encephalitis in brief
Rabies is a viral infection which is usually transmitted following contact with the saliva of an infected animal most often via a bite, scratch or lick to an open wound or mucous membrane (such as on the eye, nose or mouth). Although many different animals can transmit the virus, most cases follow a bite or scratch from an infected dog. In some parts of the world, bats are an important source of infection.
Rabies symptoms can take some time to develop, but when they do, the condition is almost always fatal.
The risk of exposure is increased by certain activities and length of stay (see below). Children are at increased risk as they are less likely to avoid contact with animals and to report a bite, scratch or lick.
Rabies in India
Rabies is considered a risk and has been reported in domestic animals in this country. Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses.
- Travellers should avoid contact with all animals. Rabies is preventable with prompt post-exposure treatment.
- Following a possible exposure, wounds should be thoroughly cleansed and an urgent local medical assessment sought, even if the wound appears trivial.
- Post-exposure treatment and advice should be in accordance with national guidelines.
Rabies vaccination
A full course of pre-exposure vaccines simplifies and shortens the course of post-exposure treatment and removes the need for rabies immunoglobulin which is in short supply world-wide.
Pre-exposure vaccinations are recommended for travellers whose activities put them at increased risk including:
- those at risk due to their work (e.g. laboratory staff working with the virus, those working with animals or health workers who may be caring for infected patients).
- those travelling to areas where access to post-exposure treatment and medical care is limited.
- those planning higher risk activities such as running or cycling.
- long-stay travellers (more than one month).
Rabies in brief
Tuberculosis.
TB is a bacterial infection most commonly affecting the lungs but can affect any part of the body. When a person with TB in their lungs or throat coughs or sneezes they could pass TB on to other people. TB is curable but can be serious if not treated.
The BCG vaccination helps to protect some people, particularly babies and young children who are at increased risk from TB.
Tuberculosis in India
This country has reported an annual TB incidence of greater than or equal to 40 cases per 100,000 population at least once in the last five years ( further details ).
Travellers should avoid close contact with individuals known to have infectious pulmonary (lung) or laryngeal (throat) TB.
Those at risk during their work (such as healthcare workers) should take appropriate infection control and prevention precautions.
Tuberculosis (BCG) vaccination
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk of developing severe disease and/or of exposure to TB infection. See UK Health Security Agency Immunisation against infectious disease, the 'Green Book '.
For travellers, BCG vaccine is recommended for:
- unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live for more than 3 months in this country. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to vaccination for all children from 6 years of age and may be recommended for some younger children.
- unvaccinated, tuberculin skin test-negative individuals at risk due to their work such as healthcare or laboratory workers who have direct contact with TB patients or potentially infectious clinical material and vets and abattoir workers who handle animal material, which could be infected with TB.
There are specific contraindications to BCG vaccine. Health professionals must be trained and assessed as competent to administer this vaccine intradermally.
Following administration, no further vaccines should be administered in the same limb for 3 months.
The BCG vaccine is given once only, booster doses are not recommended.
Tuberculosis in brief
Malaria is a serious illness caused by infection of red blood cells with a parasite called Plasmodium. The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes which predominantly feed between dusk and dawn.
Symptoms usually begin with a fever (high temperature) of 38°C (100°F) or more. Other symptoms may include feeling cold and shivery, headache, nausea, vomiting and aching muscles. Symptoms may appear between eight days and one year after the infected mosquito bite.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment is required as people with malaria can deteriorate quickly. Those at higher risk of malaria, or of severe complications from malaria, include pregnant women, infants and young children, the elderly, travellers who do not have a functioning spleen and those visiting friends and relatives.
Travellers should follow an ABCD guide to preventing malaria:
A wareness of the risk – Risk depends on the specific location, season of travel, length of stay, activities and type of accommodation. B ite prevention – Travellers should take mosquito bite avoidance measures. C hemoprophylaxis – Travellers should take antimalarials (malaria prevention tablets) if appropriate for the area (see below). No antimalarials are 100% effective but taking them in combination with mosquito bite avoidance measures will give substantial protection against malaria. D iagnosis – Travellers who develop a fever of 38°C [100°F] or higher more than one week after being in a malaria risk area, or who develop any symptoms suggestive of malaria within a year of return should seek immediate medical care. Emergency standby treatment may be considered for those going to remote areas with limited access to medical attention.
- There is a risk of malaria in the states of Assam and Orissa; the districts of East Godavari, Srikakulam, Vishakhapatnam and Vizianagaram in the state of Andhra Pradesh; and the districts of Balaghat, Dindori, Mandla and Seoni in the state of Madhya Pradesh (see map below – click on map to enlarge): atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline OR mefloquine recommended.
- For the rest of India (including Goa and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands) there is a low risk of malaria: awareness of risk and bite avoidance recommended.
- There is no risk of malaria in the Lakshadweep islands.
Special risk groups
In low risk areas, antimalarials may be considered in exceptional circumstances for travellers who are at higher risk of malaria (such as long term travellers visiting friends and relatives), or of severe complications from malaria (such as the elderly [over 70 years], the immunosuppressed, those with complex co-morbidities, pregnant women, infants and young children). The final decision whether or not to advise antimalarials rests with the travel health advisor and the traveller after individual risk assessment.
Travellers with an absent or poorly functioning spleen should be dissuaded from travel to any area with risk of malaria. Where travel is essential, awareness, rigorous bite avoidance and antimalarials should be advised, even for the low risk areas.
For special risk groups, you may wish to seek specialist advice. For the low risk areas in this country/area, atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline OR mefloquine would be suitable options.
Antimalarial recommendations map
- Choose between static map and interactive map by selecting a tab below.
- Click on static map to open in a new window.
- Please refresh the page to reload interactive map if some shaded areas in the legend are missing.
- interactive map
There is a risk of malaria in the states of Assam and Orissa and in the districts of East Godavari, Srikakulam, Vishakhapatnam, and Vizianagaram in the state of Andhra Pradesh; and Balaghat, Dindori, Mandla and Seoni in the state of Madhya Pradesh Antimalarials recommended: atovaquone/proguanil or doxycycline or mefloquine
There is a low risk in other parts of India Awareness and bite avoidance recommended
There is no risk in the Lakshadweep Islands
The map is intended as a guide and should be used with the recommendations above. Please note the shading along the coast may cover sections of the sea to ensure the full coast line and close by islands have the correct risk shading.
Map instructions
You can only interact with the country of India on this map; maps are best viewed in full screen mode.
Click on this icon to view map in full screen [then press Esc on keyboard to return].
Zooming in and out of the map
If your mouse has a scroll wheel, zoom in or out by holding Ctrl (Cmd on a Mac) and turning the wheel. Pulling the scroll wheel towards you zooms out, pushing it away zooms in.
If your mouse does not have a scroll wheel, point (with the mouse) to the area on the map that you want to zoom in or out of, then click on + or – icon
Looking around the map
Hold down the left click button on your mouse and move the mouse from side to side or up and down – this will allow you to pan around the map.
Pop-up boxes
These will appear if you click on an area and indicate low or high risk. Close by clicking 'x' in the pop-up box.
Type in the name of place you wish to view in the box. Spelling is important.
Recommended antimalarials
The recommended antimalarials for India are listed below. They are recommended for certain areas only (see description of risk areas above). If these are not suitable please seek further specialist advice.
Please note, the advice for children is different, the dose is based on body weight and some antimalarials are not suitable.
Atovaquone/Proguanil
Atovaquone 250mg/Proguanil 100mg combination preparation :
- start one to two days before arrival in the malaria risk area
- for adults, one tablet is taken every day, ideally at the same time of day for the duration of the time in a malaria risk area and daily for seven days after leaving the malaria risk area
- take with a fatty meal if possible
- for children paediatric tablets are available and the dose is based on body weight (see table)
Doxycycline
Doxycycline 100mg :
- adults and children over 12 years of age take 100mg daily, ideally at the same time of day for the duration of the time in a malaria risk area and daily for four weeks after leaving the malaria risk area
- take with food if possible; avoid taking this drug just before lying down
- not suitable for children under 12 years of age
Mefloquine 250mg:
- this drug is taken weekly, adults take one 250mg tablet each week
- start two to three weeks before arrival in the malaria risk area and continue weekly until four weeks after leaving the malaria risk area
- for children the dose is based on the body weight (see table below)
- Malaria in brief
- Malaria factsheet
- Children's antimalarial dose table
- Malaria prevention guidelines for travellers from the UK
There are some risks that are relevant to all travellers regardless of destination. These may for example include road traffic and other accidents, diseases transmitted by insects or ticks, diseases transmitted by contaminated food and water, sexually transmitted infections, or health issues related to the heat or cold.
Some additional risks (which may be present in all or part of this country) are mentioned below and are presented alphabetically. Select risk to expand information.
There is a risk of altitude illness when travelling to destinations of 2,500 metres (8,200 feet) or higher. Important risk factors are the altitude gained, rate of ascent and sleeping altitude. Rapid ascent without a period of acclimatisation puts a traveller at higher risk.
There are three syndromes; acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE) and high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). HACE and HAPE require immediate descent and medical treatment.
Altitude illness in India
There is a point of elevation in this country higher than 2,500 metres. Some example places of interest, Leh 3,514m and Darjeeling 2,127m.
- Travellers should spend a few days at an altitude below 3,000m.
- Where possible travellers should avoid travel from altitudes less than 1,200m to altitudes greater than 3,500m in a single day.
- Ascent above 3,000m should be gradual. Travellers should avoid increasing sleeping elevation by more than 500m per day and ensure a rest day (at the same altitude) every three or four days.
- Acetazolamide can be used to assist with acclimatisation, but should not replace gradual ascent.
- Travellers who develop symptoms of AMS (headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and sleep disturbance) should avoid further ascent. In the absence of improvement or with progression of symptoms the first response should be to descend.
- Development of HACE or HAPE symptoms requires immediate descent and emergency medical treatment.
Altitude illness in brief
Biting insects or ticks.
Insect or tick bites can cause irritation and infections of the skin at the site of a bite. They can also spread certain diseases.
Diseases in South Asia
There is a risk of insect or tick-borne diseases in some areas of South Asia. This includes diseases such as chikungunya , Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever , leishmaniasis and scrub typhus .
- All travellers should avoid insect and tick bites day and night.
- There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent these diseases.
Further information about specific insect or tick-borne diseases for this country can be found, if appropriate on this page, in other sections of the country information pages and the insect and tick bite avoidance factsheet .
Dengue is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes which mainly feed during daytime hours. It causes a flu-like illness, which can occasionally develop into a more serious life-threatening illness. Severe dengue is rare in travellers.
The mosquitoes that spread dengue are more common in towns, cities and surrounding areas.
Dengue in India
There is a risk of dengue in this country.
- Travellers should avoid mosquito bites particularly during daytime hours.
- A dengue vaccine is licensed in the UK for the prevention of dengue disease in individuals from 4 years of age. The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) and World Health Organization are in the process of reviewing the product information. Recommendations on the use of this vaccine will be published in due course.
Dengue in brief
Seasonal influenza is a viral infection of the respiratory tract and spreads easily from person to person via respiratory droplets when coughing and sneezing. Symptoms appear rapidly and include fever, muscle aches, headache, malaise (feeling unwell), cough, sore throat and a runny nose. In healthy individuals, symptoms improve without treatment within two to seven days. Severe illness is more common in those aged 65 years or over, those under 2 years of age, or those who have underlying medical conditions that increase their risk for complications of influenza.
Seasonal influenza in India
Seasonal influenza occurs throughout the world. In the northern hemisphere (including the UK), most influenza occurs from as early as October through to March. In the southern hemisphere, influenza mostly occurs between April and September. In the tropics, influenza can occur throughout the year.
All travellers should:
- Avoid close contact with symptomatic individuals
- Avoid crowded conditions where possible
- Wash their hands frequently
- Practise ‘cough hygiene’: sneezing or coughing into a tissue and promptly discarding it safely, and washing their hands
- Avoid travel if unwell with influenza-like symptoms
- A vaccine is available in certain circumstances (see below)*
*In the UK, seasonal influenza vaccine is offered routinely each year to those at higher risk of developing of severe disease following influenza infection, and certain additional groups such as healthcare workers and children as part of the UK national schedule (see information on vaccination ). For those who do not fall into these groups, vaccination may be available privately.
If individuals at higher risk of severe disease following influenza infection are travelling to a country when influenza is likely to be circulating they should ensure they received a flu vaccination in the previous 12 months.
The vaccine used in the UK protects against the strains predicted to occur during the winter months of the northern hemisphere. It is not possible to obtain vaccine for the southern hemisphere in the UK, but the vaccine used during the UK influenza season should still provide important protection against strains likely to occur during the southern hemisphere influenza season, and in the tropics.
Avian influenza
Avian influenza viruses can rarely infect and cause disease in humans. Such cases are usually associated with close exposure to infected bird or animal populations. Where appropriate, information on these will be available in the outbreaks and news sections of the relevant country pages. Seasonal influenza vaccines will not provide protection against avian influenza.
Avian influenza in brief
Outdoor air quality.
Poor air quality is a significant public health problem in many parts of the world. Exposure to high levels of air pollution over short time periods (e.g. minutes/hours/days) and longer time periods (e.g. years) is linked to many different acute and chronic health problems. These effects are mainly on the respiratory (lungs and airways) and cardiovascular (heart function and blood circulation) systems.
Current information on world air quality is available from the world air quality index project .
Travellers with health problems that might make them more vulnerable to the effects of air pollution who are travelling to areas of high pollution should:
- discuss their travel plans with their doctor, and carry adequate supplies of their regular medication.
- take sensible precautions to minimise their exposure to high levels of air pollution.
- check local air quality data and amend their activities accordingly.
- take notice of any health advisories published by the local Ministry of Health and Department for Environment, and follow the guidance provided.
It is unclear if face masks are beneficial at reducing exposure and may make breathing more difficult for those with pre-existing lung conditions. Those who choose to use one should make sure that the mask fits well and know how to wear it properly.
Outdoor air quality in brief
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes which predominantly feed during daytime hours. A small number of cases of sexual transmission of ZIKV have also been reported. Most people infected with ZIKV have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they are usually mild and short-lived. Serious complications and deaths are not common. However, ZIKV is a cause of Congenital Zika Syndrome (microcephaly and other congenital anomalies) and neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Zika virus in India
There is a risk of Zika virus in this country. Details of specific affected areas within this country are not available, but information on current outbreaks where available will be reported on our outbreak surveillance database.
Pregnant women should discuss the suitability of travel and the potential risk that Zika virus may present with their health care provider.
- All travellers should avoid mosquito bites particularly during daytime hours.
- There is no vaccination or medication to prevent Zika virus infection.
- Women should avoid becoming pregnant while travelling in this country, and for 2 months (8 weeks) after their last possible Zika virus exposure* (see below if male partner has travelled).
- If a woman develops symptoms compatible with Zika virus infection, it is recommended she avoids becoming pregnant for a further 2 months following recovery.
- Women who visited this country while pregnant, or who become pregnant within 2 months after their last possible Zika virus exposure*, should contact their GP, obstetrician or midwife for further advice, even if they have not been unwell.
Please note screening of returning travellers without Zika virus symptoms is not available on the NHS. Couples planning pregnancy in the very near future should consider whether they should avoid travel to a country or area with risk of Zika virus, rather than delay conception for the recommended period (see below) after travel. This particularly includes couples in assisted fertility programmes.
Prevention of sexual transmission
Couples should follow guidance on prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus and avoid conception as follows:
- If both partners travelled, for 3 months after last possible Zika virus exposure*
- Male traveller only, for 3 months after last possible Zika virus exposure*
- Female traveller only, for 2 months after last possible Zika virus exposure*
See further information for pregnant women, their partners and couples planning pregnancy .
*Last possible Zika virus exposure is defined as the later of either the date of leaving a country or area with risk for Zika virus transmission, or the date on which unprotected sexual contact with a potentially infectious partner took place.
See detailed guidance on factors to consider when assessing the risk of Zika virus.
Zika virus in brief
COVID-19 disease is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV2. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are a new continuous cough, a high temperature, and a loss of, or change in, normal sense of taste or smell. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening. Older people and those with underlying health problems are more likely to develop severe disease.
COVID-19 is spread through close contact with people who have the virus. It is mainly transmitted from person to person by breathing in droplets produced when someone infected with the virus breathes, speaks, coughs or sneezes. It is also spread by touching the infected droplets on surfaces, then touching the eyes, nose or mouth.
COVID-19 vaccines provide high levels of protection against severe illness, hospitalisation, or dying from the virus. Vaccination against COVID-19 reduces, but does not eliminate the risk of infection, so social distancing and personal and respiratory hygiene remain important interventions, particularly during overseas travel.
Travellers should always check the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) travel advice and their country-specific pages for the latest COVID-19 travel advisories which may include information on travel restrictions, quarantine, COVID-19 testing or vaccination requirements. This includes considering the recommendations and requirements for any transit countries.
Travellers should be aware that COVID-19 case numbers in individual countries/areas can increase rapidly, and healthcare capacity and country requirements can change at short notice.
COVID-19 in India
Most countries worldwide present a risk of exposure to COVID-19. The risk of COVID-19, public health policy, and travel advice or restrictions may change quickly, therefore travellers should ensure they have access to up to date information on COVID-19 and be prepared for rapid changes in guidance both before and during travel.
All travellers should check the FCDO travel advice and carefully consider their personal situation and risks of COVID-19 before travel to this country. This is particularly important in those at higher risk from COVID-19 who may wish to seek medical advice before travel.
Individuals entering or returning to the UK may be required to follow additional UK border measures .
If travelling to this country, travellers should:
- Consider the risk at all destinations including any transit countries, and the risk during travel itself.
- Check with the airline/tour operator about preventive measures in place to reduce risk during travel.
- Follow the latest guidance on social distancing and face coverings, including any local requirements and maintain good hand, respiratory, and personal hygiene at all times. This may be particularly important if staying with friends and family.
- Ensure they are up to date with their COVID-19 vaccination courses and boosters as recommended in the UK vaccination programme.
See guidance on factors to consider when assessing the risk of COVID-19 for travellers .
If travellers develop COVID-19 symptoms while abroad, they should:
- Follow local guidelines on self-isolation, testing and avoiding travel.
- Contact their travel insurance provider.
- Seek medical advice if needed.
COVID-19 in brief
Nipah virus; information for travellers and health professionals
Information on risks and prevention for travellers and health professionals
Changes to the Country Information pages: Zika
UK Health Security Agency and NaTHNaC have reviewed and updated country-specific Zika information and prevention advice
Malaria: a reminder for travellers over the winter holiday season
Advice for travellers and health professionals about malaria
Medication safety alert
Identification of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol contaminates in medicine products
Using information collated from a variety of sources, we regularly review and update information on overseas disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller.
Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported ; some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers.
Further information on the Outbreak Surveillance section.
Kyanasur Forest disease in India
As of 11 February 2024 since the beginning of the year, a total of 85 cases of Kyanasur Forest disease have been reported in the state of Karnataka. This compares with 19 cases reported in the entirety of 2023.
Nipah virus in India
As of 17 September 2023, 6 confirmed cases of Nipah virus , including 2 deaths, have been reported. All of the cases have been reported from Kozhikode District in Northern Kerala.
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Travel Vaccines and Advice for India
The Taj Mahal, Hampi, the Himalayans and the Caves of Ajanta are just the beginning for amazing sights in India. For thousands of years, the subcontinent has been the cradle of one of the most amazing cultures to visit.
Every year, tourists from around the globe flock to India to see its amazing sights and sounds. Whether you are a spiritual pilgrim, a business executive or an adventure seeker, India is sure to have something for you.
Do I Need Vaccines for India?
Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for India. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for India: hepatitis A , hepatitis B , typhoid , cholera , yellow fever , Japanese encephalitis , rabies , meningitis , polio , measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) , chickenpox , shingles , pneumonia and influenza .
See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:
- Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travellers
- Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Accelerated schedule available
- Typhoid – Food & Water – Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
- Cholera – Food & Water – A risk for travellers throughout India. Avoid swimming in popular rivers or streams as cholera may be present. Vaccination is recommended for some travellers.
- Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if travelling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
- Japanese Encephalitis – Mosquito – Recommended for all regions except: Dadra, Daman, Diu, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Lakshadweep, Meghalaya, Nagar Haveli, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Sikkim.
- Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals.
- Polio – Food & Water – May be required if arriving from countries with active transmission. Recommended for some travellers to the region. Single adult booster recommended.
- Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
- TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
- Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
- Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
- Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given seperately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
- Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
- Meningitis – Airborne & Direct Contact – Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students.
See the tables below for more information:
Some mosquito-borne diseases are also prevalent in India including:
- Malaria – Antimalarial medication is recommened for many regions in India. Speak with a travel health specialist to learn if these are right for your itinerary.
- Dengue Fever – Another mosquito-borne disease, dengue affects millions each year. Unfortunately, there is no vaccination against dengue approved in the United States. Make sure you take precautions against mosquitoes like using repellents and mosquito netting.
Fortunately, the Zika virus has yet to arrive in India.
To learn more about these infections, see their respective vaccination or infection pages.
If you are travelling to India, make sure you are protected. Visit your local Passport Health to receive a comprehensive consultation on what you will need to stay safe. Book your appointment online now or call us at and make sure your dream trip doesn’t become a nightmare.
How To Prevent Delhi Belly (Traveller’s Diarrhea)
Delhi Belly (or traveller’s diarrhea ) is very common among travellers. Up to 70 percent of international travellers will come down with traveller’s diarrhea during their trips. This is especially true for visitors to India.
Causes can range from viral or bacteria infections to just a difference in cuisine. But, no matter how it happens, traveller’s diarrhea can ruin a trip.
There are a few precautions you can take to avoid traveller’s diarrhea:
- Avoid risky eating – Be smart about where and what you eat. Street carts may not be the best place to grab a snack, but you also don’t need to only eat pre-packaged foods. Use good judgment to decide where would be best to chow down.
- Consider preventative care – Some products, like Travelan, will provide you with some protection against traveller’s diarrhea.
Be sure to bring a traveller’s diarrhea kit that includes antibiotics or similar products that can help stop diarrhea if it occurs.
To learn more about what you can do to avoid Delhi Belly, see our traveller’s diarrhea page . Or, book an appointment with your local Passport Health by calling or scheduling online now .
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Passport health – travel vaccines for india, do i need a visa or passport for india.
Nationals of all countries, including Canadian citizens with a valid passport, require a visa. E-visas take 3-10 days to process and are valid for 2 trips up to 60 days’ total. The Indian government now allows Canadian citizens to apply for simple tourist and business visas without having to send in a passport.
Sources: Embassy of India and Canadian Travel and Tourism
What Is the Climate Like In India?
India is generally classified as a hot tropical country, except for the Himalayan north. The country has three distinct seasons:
- Summer (March to June) – Indian summers are very hot. Temperatures often climb to over 43 degrees.
- Monsoon (July to August) – The rainy season brings thunderstorms and heavy rains. These sometimes cause flooding or other damage. Bring an umbrella and be sure to take other precautions.
- Winter (October to February) – Winter temperatures are generally mild. Except in the northern regions where they will dip to near or below freezing. Remember, the higher into the mountains you go, the chillier it will get.
How Safe Is India?
India is generally safe, but is still a developing country in many ways. Try to avoid the Indian-Pakistani border, as growing tensions have led to a less safe situation.
Petty crime, especially theft is common. This happens mostly in trains and buses. Pickpocketing is known to occur in some tourist areas. Violent crime is traditionally uncommon, though there has been a slight increase in recent years.
Scamming has become more common in many popular areas. Be especially careful in airports and train stations. If an offer for cheap transportation or hotel rooms seems too good, it probably is. Only use well-known travel agencies when booking your trip and planning activities in-country.
LGBT individuals will want to be especially careful as laws on homosexuality are unclear. While prosecution is rare, LGBT visitors may wish to avoid drawing attention.
What Should I Pack For India?
Packing for India can be a bit tricky, as the country is different from many popular travel destinations:
- Pack light – Moving from place to place in India can be a bit tricky. Many forms of transportation have a tight fit and having something you can easily haul around is key. Brining an extra backpack isn’t a bad idea either as a purse or small bag may not be enough to carry water, an umbrella and similar items.
- Prepare for weather – Be sure to pack according to what season you’ll be in the country. Where you are headed is also a key factor as the Himalayas are a much cooler region.
- Wear the right footwear – You’ll likely be doing a lot of walking (or even standing) in India. Make sure your shoes are up for the trip, your feet will thank you.
- Bring a complete first-aid kit – the PHAC has a complete list of recommended health items which can be found here . Some notable items include: sunscreen, insect repellent, hand sanitizer and diarrhea medicine like DiaResQ or other remedies.
Where Is the Canadian Embassy in India?
The Canadian Embassy in India is located at:
High Commission of Canada in New Delhi 7/8 Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110 021, India Telephone: 91 (11) 4178-2000
Whether you are travelling for business or pleasure, India is an absolutely amazing destination. From the Himalyas to the coast of the Indian Ocean, the country’s unique culture and feel has something for every type of traveller.
To learn more about what you can do to prepare for an Indian trip, visit your local Passport Health clinic. Book your appointment today by calling or scheduling online now.
On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for India? How To Prevent Delhi Belly (traveller’s Diarrhea) What Are the Entry and Exit Requirements for India? What Is the Climate Like In India? How Safe Is India? What Should I Pack For India? Where Is the Canadian Embassy in India?
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Visa Bulletin For April 2024
Number 88 Volume X Washington, D.C
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A. STATUTORY NUMBERS FOR PREFERENCE IMMIGRANT VISAS
This bulletin summarizes the availability of immigrant numbers during April for: “Final Action Dates” and “Dates for Filing Applications,” indicating when immigrant visa applicants should be notified to assemble and submit required documentation to the National Visa Center.
Unless otherwise indicated on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website at www.uscis.gov/visabulletininfo , individuals seeking to file applications for adjustment of status with USCIS must use the “Final Action Dates” charts below for determining when they can file such applications. When USCIS determines that there are more immigrant visas available for the fiscal year than there are known applicants for such visas, USCIS will state on its website that applicants may instead use the “Dates for Filing Visa Applications” charts in this Bulletin.
1. Procedures for determining dates. Consular officers are required to report to the Department of State documentarily qualified applicants for numerically limited visas; USCIS reports applicants for adjustment of status. Allocations in the charts below were made, to the extent possible, in chronological order of reported priority dates, for demand received by March 4th . If not all demand could be satisfied, the category or foreign state in which demand was excessive was deemed oversubscribed. The final action date for an oversubscribed category is the priority date of the first applicant who could not be reached within the numerical limits. If it becomes necessary during the monthly allocation process to retrogress a final action date, supplemental requests for numbers will be honored only if the priority date falls within the new final action date announced in this bulletin. If at any time an annual limit were reached, it would be necessary to immediately make the preference category “unavailable”, and no further requests for numbers would be honored.
2. The fiscal year 2024 limit for family-sponsored preference immigrants determined in accordance with Section 201 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) is 226,000. The worldwide level for annual employment-based preference immigrants is at least 140,000. Section 202 prescribes that the per-country limit for preference immigrants is set at 7% of the total annual family-sponsored and employment-based preference limits, i.e., 25,620. The dependent area limit is set at 2%, or 7,320.
3. INA Section 203(e) provides that family-sponsored and employment-based preference visas be issued to eligible immigrants in the order in which a petition in behalf of each has been filed. Section 203(d) provides that spouses and children of preference immigrants are entitled to the same status, and the same order of consideration, if accompanying or following to join the principal. The visa prorating provisions of Section 202(e) apply to allocations for a foreign state or dependent area when visa issuances will exceed the per-country limit. These provisions apply at present to the following oversubscribed chargeability areas: CHINA-mainland born, INDIA, MEXICO, and PHILIPPINES.
4. Section 203(a) of the INA prescribes preference classes for allotment of Family-sponsored immigrant visas as follows:
FAMILY-SPONSORED PREFERENCES
First : ( F1 ) Unmarried Sons and Daughters of U.S. Citizens: 23,400 plus any numbers not required for fourth preference.
Second : Spouses and Children, and Unmarried Sons and Daughters of Permanent Residents: 114,200, plus the number (if any) by which the worldwide family preference level exceeds 226,000, plus any unused first preference numbers:
A. ( F2A ) Spouses and Children of Permanent Residents: 77% of the overall second preference limitation, of which 75% are exempt from the per-country limit;
B. ( F2B ) Unmarried Sons and Daughters (21 years of age or older) of Permanent Residents: 23% of the overall second preference limitation.
Third : ( F3 ) Married Sons and Daughters of U.S. Citizens: 23,400, plus any numbers not required by first and second preferences.
Fourth : ( F4 ) Brothers and Sisters of Adult U.S. Citizens: 65,000, plus any numbers not required by first three preferences.
A. FINAL ACTION DATES FOR FAMILY-SPONSORED PREFERENCE CASES
On the chart below, the listing of a date for any class indicates that the class is oversubscribed (see paragraph 1); "C" means current, i.e., numbers are authorized for issuance to all qualified applicants; and "U" means unauthorized, i.e., numbers are not authorized for issuance. (NOTE: Numbers are authorized for issuance only for applicants whose priority date is earlier than the final action date listed below.)
For April, F2A numbers EXEMPT from per-country limit are authorized for issuance to applicants from all countries with priority dates earlier than 15AUG20. F2A numbers SUBJECT to per-country limit are authorized for issuance to applicants chargeable to all countries EXCEPT MEXICO , with priority dates beginning 15AUG20 and earlier than 08SEP20. All F2A numbers provided for MEXICO are exempt from the per-country limit.
B. DATES FOR FILING FAMILY-SPONSORED VISA APPLICATIONS
The chart below reflects dates for filing visa applications within a timeframe justifying immediate action in the application process. Applicants for immigrant visas who have a priority date earlier than the application date in the chart below may assemble and submit required documents to the Department of State’s National Visa Center, following receipt of notification from the National Visa Center containing detailed instructions. The application date for an oversubscribed category is the priority date of the first applicant who cannot submit documentation to the National Visa Center for an immigrant visa. If a category is designated “current,” all applicants in the relevant category may file applications, regardless of priority date.
The “C” listing indicates that the category is current, and that applications may be filed regardless of the applicant’s priority date. The listing of a date for any category indicates that only applicants with a priority date which is earlier than the listed date may file their application.
Visit www.uscis.gov/visabulletininfo for information on whether USCIS has determined that this chart can be used (in lieu of the chart in paragraph 4.A.) this month for filing applications for adjustment of status with USCIS.
5. Section 203(b) of the INA prescribes preference classes for allotment of Employment-based immigrant visas as follows:
EMPLOYMENT-BASED PREFERENCES
First : Priority Workers: 28.6% of the worldwide employment-based preference level, plus any numbers not required for fourth and fifth preferences.
Second : Members of the Professions Holding Advanced Degrees or Persons of Exceptional Ability: 28.6% of the worldwide employment-based preference level, plus any numbers not required by first preference.
Third : Skilled Workers, Professionals, and Other Workers: 28.6% of the worldwide level, plus any numbers not required by first and second preferences, not more than 10,000 of which to "*Other Workers".
Fourth : Certain Special Immigrants: 7.1% of the worldwide level.
Fifth : Employment Creation: 7.1% of the worldwide level, of which 32% are reserved as follows: 20% reserved for qualified immigrants who invest in a rural area; 10% reserved for qualified immigrants who invest in a high unemployment area; and 2% reserved for qualified immigrants who invest in infrastructure projects. The remaining 68% are unreserved and are allotted for all other qualified immigrants.
A. FINAL ACTION DATES FOR EMPLOYMENT-BASED PREFERENCE CASES
*Employment Third Preference Other Workers Category: Section 203(e) of the Nicaraguan and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) passed by Congress in November 1997, as amended by Section 1(e) of Pub. L. 105-139, provides that once the Employment Third Preference Other Worker (EW) cut-off date has reached the priority date of the latest EW petition approved prior to November 19, 1997, the 10,000 EW numbers available for a fiscal year are to be reduced by up to 5,000 annually beginning in the following fiscal year. This reduction is to be made for as long as necessary to offset adjustments under the NACARA program. Since the EW final action date reached November 19, 1997 during Fiscal Year 2001, the reduction in the EW annual limit to 5,000 began in Fiscal Year 2002. For Fiscal Year 2024 this reduction will be limited to approximately 150.
B. DATES FOR FILING OF EMPLOYMENT-BASED VISA APPLICATIONS
The chart below reflects dates for filing visa applications within a timeframe justifying immediate action in the application process. Applicants for immigrant visas who have a priority date earlier than the application date in the chart may assemble and submit required documents to the Department of State’s National Visa Center, following receipt of notification from the National Visa Center containing detailed instructions. The application date for an oversubscribed category is the priority date of the first applicant who cannot submit documentation to the National Visa Center for an immigrant visa. If a category is designated “current,” all applicants in the relevant category may file, regardless of priority date.
Visit www.uscis.gov/visabulletininfo for information on whether USCIS has determined that this chart can be used (in lieu of the chart in paragraph 5.A.) this month for filing applications for adjustment of status with USCIS.
B . DIVERSITY IMMIGRANT (DV) CATEGORY FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL
Section 203(c) of the INA provides up to 55,000 immigrant visas each fiscal year to permit additional immigration opportunities for persons from countries with low admissions during the previous five years. The NACARA stipulates that beginning with DV-99, and for as long as necessary, up to 5,000 of the 55,000 annually allocated diversity visas will be made available for use under the NACARA program. Visa numbers made available to NACARA applicants in FY 2023 will result in reduction of the DV-2024 annual limit to approximately 54,850. Section 5104 of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024 amended the NACARA’s provisions on the Diversity Visa program such that the number of visas made available under the NDAA will be deducted from the 55,000 DVs annually allocated. These amendments will not impact the number of diversity visas available until FY 2025. DVs are divided among six geographic regions. No one country can receive more than seven percent of the available diversity visas in any one year.
For April , immigrant numbers in the DV category are available to qualified DV-2024 applicants chargeable to all regions/eligible countries as follows. When an allocation cut-off number is shown, visas are available only for applicants with DV regional lottery rank numbers BELOW the specified allocation cut-off number:
Entitlement to immigrant status in the DV category lasts only through the end of the fiscal (visa) year for which the applicant is selected in the lottery. The year of entitlement for all applicants registered for the DV-2024 program ends as of September 30, 2024. DV visas may not be issued to DV-2024 applicants after that date. Similarly, spouses and children accompanying or following to join DV-2024 principals are only entitled to derivative DV status until September 30, 2024. DV visa availability through the very end of FY-2024 cannot be taken for granted. Numbers could be exhausted prior to September 30.
C. THE DIVERSITY (DV) IMMIGRANT CATEGORY RANK CUT-OFFS WHICH WILL APPLY IN MAY
For May , immigrant numbers in the DV category are available to qualified DV-2024 applicants chargeable to all regions/eligible countries as follows. When an allocation cut-off number is shown, visas are available only for applicants with DV regional lottery rank numbers BELOW the specified allocation cut-off number:
D. SCHEDULED EXPIRATION OF THE EMPLOYMENT FOURTH PREFERENCE RELIGIOUS WORKERS (SR) CATEGORY
Pursuant to H.R. 7463, signed on March 1, 2024, the non-minister special immigrant program expires on March 22, 2024. No SR visas may be issued overseas, or final action taken on adjustment of status cases, after midnight March 21, 2024. Visas issued prior to that date will be valid only until March 21, 2024, and all individuals seeking admission in the non-minister special immigrant category must be admitted (repeat admitted) into the United States no later than midnight March 21, 2024.
The SR category is listed as “Unavailable” for all countries for April. In the event there is legislative action extending the category, it is likely it will become available effective immediately. If extended, the category will be subject to the same final action dates as the listed Employment-Based Fourth Preference categories per applicable foreign state of chargeability.
E. VISA AVAILABILITY IN THE COMING MONTHS
FAMILY-sponsored categories (potential movement):
Worldwide dates:
F1: Up to three months F2A (excluding Mexico): Up to six months F2B: Up to ten weeks F3: Several months F4: Up to four weeks
F1: Up to four months F2A: Up to three months F2B: Several months F3: Up to six months F4: Up to three months
Philippines:
F3: Several months F4: Several months
EMPLOYMENT-based categories: Very little to no forward movement is expected in the coming months since the final action dates for many categories advanced for April 2024.
The above final action date projections for the Family and Employment categories indicate what is likely to happen throughout Quarter Three and Quarter Four of FY24. Readers should never assume that recent trends in final action date movements are guaranteed for the future, or that retrogressions will not be required at some point to maintain number use within the applicable annual limits. The determination of the actual monthly final action dates is subject to fluctuations in applicant demand and other variables.
F. U.S. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE SPECIAL IMMIGRANT VISAS (SIVs)
The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024, signed into law on December 22, 2023, may affect certain current and former employees of the U.S. Government abroad applying for SIVs or adjustment of status, as described in section 101(a)(27)(D) of the INA. This does not affect certain Iraqis and Afghans applying for SQ and SI SIVs. Applicants should contact the consular section at which they filed their Form DS‑1884 for further information on the impact of that law on their case.
G. FOR THE LATEST INFORMATION ON VISA PROCESSING AT U.S. EMBASSIES AND CONSULATES, PLEASE VISIT THE BUREAU OF CONSULAR AFFAIRS WEBSITE AT TRAVEL.STATE.GOV
Department of State Publication 9514
CA/VO: March 4, 2024
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Packing List After Your Trip Hide Travel Health Notices Be aware of current health issues in India. Learn how to protect yourself. Level 1 Practice Usual Precautions Updated Global Measles March 13, 2024 Many international destinations are reporting increased numbers of cases of measles.
According to the CDC, you need to start your immunizations at least four to six weeks before you plan to leave. That way the vaccines will have time to become effective. And you'll also be able...
Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. Cholera. Food & Water. A risk for travelers throughout India. Avoid swimming in popular rivers or streams as cholera may be present. Vaccination is recommended for some travelers. Yellow Fever. Mosquito.
India FCDO advises against all travel to parts of India. Contents Warnings and insurance Entry requirements Safety and security Regional risks Cricket Health Getting help Get email alerts...
Quick Facts PASSPORT VALIDITY: Must be valid for six months beyond date of visa application to obtain a visa. BLANK PASSPORT PAGES: Two pages required. TOURIST VISA REQUIRED: Yes. Travelers must enter in either on a paper visa, valid for 10 years for U.S. citizens, or an e-tourist visa. VACCINATIONS:
Last updated: [02/10/2023] *** Effective February 13, 2023, India will no longer require all incoming airline passengers from China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Thailand to undergo mandatory RTPCR tests before their departure for India.
Are you planning to travel to India from abroad? Check out the latest guidelines for international arrivals issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on 20th October 2021. Learn about the testing, quarantine and exemption protocols for different categories of travellers and how to submit your self-declaration form online.
This document contains the latest guidelines for international arrivals in India amid the COVID-19 pandemic, effective from 10th February 2022. It covers the requirements for testing, quarantine, exemption and vaccination for travellers from different countries and regions.
COVID-19 Travel Information Travel Industry Resources More Learn about CDC's Traveler Genomic Surveillance Program that detects new COVID-19 variants entering the country. Sign up to get travel notices, clinical updates, & healthy travel tips. Travel Health Notices See the full list of Travel Health Notices, including:
Can I Travel To India? Becky Pokora, Dia Adams, Toni Perkins-Southam. Forbes Advisor Staff, Editor, Editor. Updated: Dec 13, 2022, 2:53pm. Editorial Note: We earn a commission from partner links ...
All travelers to India should be up to date with routine immunizations. Infants 6-11 months old should get 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine before travel to India; this dose does not count as part of the routine childhood vaccination series.
Vaccines Recommended for India Travel 6. The vaccination recommended for India travel includes yellow fever, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, tetanus-diphtheria, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, influenza, pneumococcal, typhoid fever, and some other selective vaccines like cholera, Japanese encephalitis, and rabies ( Table 1 ). Table 1.
COVID-19 rules There are no COVID-19 testing or vaccination requirements for travellers entering India. Passport validity requirements Make sure your passport is valid for at least 6 months from...
Advice Travellers' Diarrhea Kits Available The Taj Mahal, Hampi, the Himalayans and the Caves of Ajanta are just the beginning for amazing sights in India. For thousands of years, the subcontinent has been the cradle of one of the most amazing cultures to visit.
Typhoid. This vaccination is often recommended for those travelling to India, even those who are staying mostly in urban areas, as it is a potentially fatal illness. India is a high-risk part of the world for typhoid disease. Two forms of typhoid vaccine are available: an injection or oral form. Malaria.
Advice for All Destinations COVID-19. Read the information on the COVID-19: Health Considerations for Travel page for advice on travelling during the COVID-19 pandemic.. Vaccinations and malaria risk. Review both the Vaccination and Malaria sections on this page to find out if you may need vaccines and/or a malaria risk assessment before you travel to this country.
Most doctors will recommend that you get the following injections for Goa or Kerala:Diphtheria, polio and tetanus (one combined booster - phew!)Hepatitis ATyphoidRemember to get booked in to see your GP as soon as you know you're going - there can often be big waiting lists, so the sooner the better.
15 March 2024 Updated: 13 March 2024 Latest update: Removal of the cricket page The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help British...
If you find yourself in India in the spring, head to the Himalayan foothills for milder temperatures and good trekking conditions. 2. Get your jabs before you travel. There is no official requirement for vaccinations to enter India (although yellow fever vaccination is needed if you are traveling from a country where the disease is endemic).
Updated: 19 February 2024 Latest update:Curfews and restrictions continue in parts of Manipur following violent demonstrations, resulting in casualties. Security agencies have increased their presence in the region. Mobile internet and transport services continue to be affected. Further restrictions may be imposed at short notice.
Travellers must ensure they check current Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) travel advice in addition to the FCDO specific country page (where available) which provides additional information on travel restrictions and entry requirements in addition to safety and security advice.
Available The Taj Mahal, Hampi, the Himalayans and the Caves of Ajanta are just the beginning for amazing sights in India. For thousands of years, the subcontinent has been the cradle of one of the most amazing cultures to visit. Every year, tourists from around the globe flock to India to see its amazing sights and sounds.
Number 88 Volume X Washington, D.C. View as Printer Friendly PDF. A. STATUTORY NUMBERS FOR PREFERENCE IMMIGRANT VISAS This bulletin summarizes the availability of immigrant numbers during April for: "Final Action Dates" and "Dates for Filing Applications," indicating when immigrant visa applicants should be notified to assemble and submit required documentation to the National Visa Center.