wandering spiders in the us

Wandering Spider: All You Need to Know in a Nutshell

Wandering spiders are a group of venomous arachnids found primarily in South America.

Among these, the Brazilian wandering spider is particularly known for its potent venom and unique behavior. They are often referred to as “banana spiders” due to their frequent encounters with humans in banana plantations.

As a reader, you might be interested in learning more about these fascinating creatures, including their habitat, hunting techniques, and the effects of their venom.

In this article, we will delve into the world of wandering spiders and provide you with all the essential information to satisfy your curiosity.

Scientific Classification and Naming

The wandering spider belongs to the genus Phoneutria , which is a part of the Ctenidae family.

These spiders are known for their potent venom and aggressive behavior. Here is the scientific classification of the wandering spider:

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Subphylum: Chelicerata
• Class: Arachnida
• Order: Araneae
• Family: Ctenidae
• Genus: Phoneutria

Within the genus Phoneutria, two species are particularly noteworthy: Phoneutria fera and Phoneutria nigriventer, also known as P. nigriventer . These spiders are primarily found in South America and other tropical regions.

Phoneutria fera and P. nigriventer differ in some aspects. Let’s compare their features using a table:

Some key characteristics of the wandering spiders in the genus Phoneutria include:

• Potent venom that can be dangerous to humans
• Nocturnal hunters and are active at night
• Equipped with long, spiny legs for capturing prey
• Aggressive defenders of their territory

By understanding the scientific classification and differences between Phoneutria species, you can better appreciate the diversity and fascinating biology of these wandering spiders.

Identification and Appearance

Color and size.

The wandering spider, also known as the banana spider, has a distinctive appearance that can help you easily identify it in the wild.

They usually have a combination of hairy brown and black colors on their body. Their size can vary, but they are generally considered large spiders. Their size can range from 1 to 2 inches in body length.

When it comes to wandering spider’s leg span, these creatures can have an impressive reach. Their leg span can extend up to 5-6 inches.

Some key characteristics of a wandering spider’s legs include:

Habitat and Distribution

Wandering Spiders are known to inhabit various environments, including rainforests and tropical forests.

These spiders can adapt to different habitats based on their needs and availability of food sources. They prefer warm and humid places, as these conditions suit their growth and reproduction.

Geographical Coverage

Wandering spiders are found in Central and South America .

They live in forests from Costa Rica to Argentina, including Colombia, Venezuela, The Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Northern Argentina.

They may also be present in some parts of the United States, particularly in the northern part of southern America.

However, they don’t inhabit countries like Australia. In summary, the Wandering Spider is mostly prevalent in the following areas:

• South America
• Central America
• Southern parts of the United States

Types of Wandering Spiders

Here’s a brief description of the major types of wandering spiders.

Brazilian wandering spiders

Also known as armed or banana spiders, these spiders are nocturnal and don’t make webs.

They are known to have been transported outside of South America in banana shipments.

Phoneutria nigriventer

These spiders contain neurotoxins that can cause cerebral changes and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier .

Their venom is medically significant and has been used in manufacturing drugs. Their bites may be fatal to children.

Ctenus captiosus

Also known as the Florida false wolf spider or tropical wolf spider, this species is found in the United States.

Some species of these spiders are large and scary-looking, but they’re only mildly venomous. Their venom is comparable to a bee sting.

Other types of wandering spiders include: Acantheis, Acanthoctenus, Africactenus, and Afroneutria.

Behavior and Diet

Aggression level.

Wandering spiders, as their name suggests, are known for their aggressive behavior .

While they won’t attack without provocation, if they feel threatened, they will not hesitate to defend themselves.

This is especially true during mating season.

Prey and Predators

In their natural habitat, wandering spiders primarily feed on insects and small vertebrates, such as:

• Insects like ants and moths
• Small amphibians

This diverse diet allows them to thrive in various ecosystems.

However, they are not top predators, as their natural predators include larger birds, mammals, and other spiders.

Nocturnal Activities

Wandering spiders are nocturnal creatures , which means they are active during the night.

During the day, they remain hidden in their retreats, often made from rolled-up leaves or small crevices.

At night, they leave their hiding spots to search for prey using their strong hunting skills.

Venom and Its Effects

Composition of venom.

The venom of the wandering spider is a complex mixture containing several toxic components.

Its main component is a potent neurotoxin, which can have severe effects on your nervous system 1 . Here’s a brief overview of its composition:

• Neurotoxins

Symptoms and Severity

A wandering spider’s venomous bite can cause a wide range of symptoms, depending on the severity of envenomation. These symptoms may include 2 :

• Mild to moderate pain
• Redness and swelling at the bite site
• Irregular heartbeat
• Difficulty breathing
• Blurred vision
• High blood pressure

Some severe cases may result in life-threatening complications, such as respiratory failure or even death 2 .

Medical Treatment and Antivenom

If bitten by a wandering spider, it’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Treatment often involves the following steps:

• Cleaning and immobilizing the affected area
• Monitoring and managing the symptoms
• Administering antivenom if it’s available and appropriate, depending on the severity of envenomation 3

Antivenom is specific to the venom of the wandering spider and can help neutralize its effects.

However, the availability of antivenom may be limited in some regions 3 .

Always remember that prevention is better than cure: learning how to identify and avoid wandering spiders is the best way to stay safe.

Reproduction and Mating

Mating ritual.

When it’s time for reproduction, the wandering spider undergoes an intriguing mating ritual.

The male spider performs a dance to attract the female by displaying his brightly colored legs and vibrating his body.

During the process, the male also produces a sperm web and transfers his sperm to the female’s reproductive organs using his pedipalps.

Egg Sacs and Offspring

After the mating process, the female wandering spider will create an egg sac to protect her eggs.

The sac consists of silk and can hold hundreds of eggs. She then attaches it to a safe hiding place, usually against a protective surface or within a secure web.

The female often guards the egg sac to ensure the protection of her offspring until they hatch.

Once the spiderlings hatch, they are known to be highly independent.

They disperse quickly and start their own journey, fending for themselves soon after emerging from the egg sac.

As they grow, they’ll go through a series of molts before reaching adulthood and beginning their own reproductive cycle.

Danger and Defense Mechanisms

The Wandering Spider is known to be one of the most dangerous spiders in the world.

Although they can potentially kill humans, fatalities are rare due to their reluctance to bite.

Oddly enough, their venom can cause an involuntary erection in men, alongside other painful symptoms.

Here are some ways the Wandering Spider protects itself and displays its dangerous nature:

• Fangs : These spiders are equipped with strong, sharp fangs that can easily pierce human skin, allowing them to inject their venom with ease.
• Venom : Their venom is potent and can cause severe pain, inflammation, and other adverse effects. In rare cases, it can even lead to death.

While interacting with Wandering Spiders, be cautious and observe them from a safe distance.

Knowing their defense mechanisms will help you respect their space and avoid any unpleasant encounters.

Remember, it’s essential to be informed and aware when dealing with these fascinating, yet dangerous creatures.

Comparison with Other Dangerous Spiders

Comparison to black widow.

The black widow spider is notorious for its potent venom, but the wandering spider has a stronger venom overall.

Both spiders are capable of causing severe symptoms, but the black widow’s venom is primarily neurotoxic, affecting your nervous system.

In contrast, the wandering spider’s venom can cause both neurotoxic and cytotoxic effects, potentially damaging your nerves and cells.

• Potent neurotoxic venom
• Red hourglass marking
• Stronger venom (neurotoxic and cytotoxic)
• No distinct marking

Comparison to Brown Recluse

The brown recluse spider is known for its necrotic venom that can lead to tissue damage and sometimes requires medical intervention.

While both the brown recluse and wandering spider can produce venomous bites, wandering spiders are considered more dangerous due to the potency of their venom and the severity of their bite symptoms.

• Necrotic venom
• Dark violin-shaped marking

Comparison to Wolf Spider

Wolf spiders are frequently mistaken for more dangerous spiders due to their size and appearance.

Although they can bite, their venom is not particularly potent and generally only causes mild itching, redness, and swelling.

In comparison, the wandering spider’s venom is far more dangerous, and its bite can result in serious symptoms, requiring immediate medical attention.

• Large and hairy
• Smoother appearance

Comparison to Sydney Funnel-Web Spider

The Sydney funnel-web spider is another highly venomous spider known for its potentially lethal bites.

While both spiders possess powerful venom, the wandering spider has a broader range of symptoms due to the combination of neurotoxic and cytotoxic effects.

In conclusion, wandering spiders are more dangerous than wolf spiders but their venom’s effects are more varied compared to black widows, brown recluses, and Sydney funnel-web spiders.

Be cautious around these spiders and seek medical help if bitten.

Interesting Facts and Guinness World Records

The Wandering Spider, also known as the Brazilian Wandering Spider, is a fascinating creature that has caught the attention of many.

They belong to the genus Phoneutria , which means “murderess” in Greek, giving you an idea of their potency. Let’s explore some interesting facts about this spider and its place in the Guinness World Records.

First, you might be curious about their venom. The Wandering Spider is known for having one of the most potent venoms among spiders.

In fact, it holds the Guinness World Record for the most venomous spider. Their venom contains a potent neurotoxin that can cause severe symptoms, including difficulty breathing, high blood pressure, and intense pain.

Apart from their venom, their behavior is also quite intriguing. These spiders are called “wandering” because they are known for actively hunting their prey rather than spinning webs to catch them.

They are mostly nocturnal creatures and, during the day, can be found hiding in logs or dark crevices.

Here are a few more notable characteristics of the Wandering Spider:

• Females are larger than males, with a body length of up to 1.6 inches (4 cm).
• They have eight eyes, arranged in two rows, which help them in hunting.
• The Wandering Spider is primarily found in Central and South America, particularly in Brazil.
• They are known to show aggression when threatened.

While the Wandering Spider is a marvel of the arachnid world, it’s essential to keep a safe distance from them due to their venomous nature.

However, their unique characteristics and record-breaking venom potency make them a fascinating subject for those interested in the natural world.

Prevention and Safety Measures

To protect yourself from wandering spiders, there are some simple safety measures you can take.

Firstly, be cautious in areas where these spiders may live, such as dark and warm spaces. For example, avoid reaching into crevices or lifting piles of wood without inspecting them first.

Always wear appropriate shoes when outdoors, particularly in wooded or grassy areas. This can help prevent bites on your feet or ankles.

Reduce the risk of wandering spiders entering your home by sealing gaps and cracks. This minimizes the chance of the spiders finding a way inside.

Regularly clean your living spaces, paying special attention to dark and hidden areas. By maintaining a clean environment, you’ll discourage wandering spiders from making themselves at home.

When out in nature, avoid disturbing spider habitats like webs or egg sacs. This can prevent agitating wandering spiders, reducing your chance of accidental encounters.

Remember, wandering spiders can be dangerous, but by taking these precautions, you can significantly reduce your risk of encountering them or being bitten. Stay safe and always be aware of your surroundings.

In summary, wandering spiders, particularly those in the genus Phoneutria, are a group of venomous arachnids predominantly found in Central, South America and parts of Southern United States.

These spiders, including the Brazilian wandering spider, are known for their potent venom, nocturnal hunting habits, and aggressive defense mechanisms.

Their venom, containing neurotoxins and other components, can cause severe symptoms in humans, making them one of the most dangerous spider species.

Despite their fearsome reputation, fatalities are rare, and they play a vital role in their ecosystems.

It’s important to respect their space and take preventive measures to avoid encounters. Understanding these spiders’ behavior, habitat, and characteristics can help in appreciating their role in nature while ensuring safety.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857337/ ↩

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3851068/ ↩ ↩ 2

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6560916/ ↩ ↩ 2

Reader Emails

Over the years, our website, whatsthatbug.com has received hundreds of letters and some interesting images asking us about wandering spiders. Scroll down to have a look at some of them.

Letter 1 – Wandering Spider from Ecuador

Hi Michele, There is a resemblance to the Dolomedes Fishing Spiders, and finding it near a river lends credence to that possibility. Eric Eaton noticed this posting and has this to say: ” Ok, the spiders from Ecuador and Costa Rica: They are most likely NOT wolf spiders, but wandering spiders, either in the family Ctenidae or Sparassidae. They tend to be more common, and even larger than, wolf spiders in the tropics. At least one species, Phoneutria fera, is extremely aggressive, with potentially deadly venom. Do not mess with large spiders in Central and South America! The venomous types are very difficult to distinguish from harmless species, and in any event, a bite is going to be really painful. These spiders sometimes stow away in bananas, houseplants, and other exported goods, so they can show up in odd places. Be careful where you put your hands.”

Update:  May 14, 2013 We now have a confirmation that this is a Wandering Spider, Phoneutria fera , and it is a dangerous species.  See Encyclopedia Britannica and Animal Corner .

Letter 2 – Brazilian Wandering Spider: Most Venomous Animal

Hi Martin, We are happy you were able to write to us after your encounter with this Brazilian Wandering Spider and are thrilled to be able to post your story and photos to our site. We started to research, and our first hit has a different species name. Phoneutria fera is described as: “The Brazilian Wandering Spider is not for the ‘pet keeper’. Brazilian Wandering Spiders are extremely fast, extremely venomous, and extremely aggressive. These large and dangerous true spiders are ranked among the most venomous spiders known to man. In fact, the Brazilian Wandering Spider is the most venomous spider in the New World! In South America, these true spiders are commonly encountered in peoples’ homes, supposedly hiding in peoples’ shoes, hats, and other clothes. The Brazilian Wandering Spider does not remain on a web, rather, it wanders the forest floor, hence the name.” Our favorite information on Wikipedia is that Phoneutria is Greek for “murderess”. Here is one final tidbit about the effect of the bite of the Brazilian Wandering Spider on the human male .

Letter 3 – Possibly Wandering Spider from Ecuador

Dear Mike, This is really an interesting Spider, but other than to say it appears to be a hunting spider that does not build a web to entrap prey, we aren’t sure about its identity.  Many hunting spiders can jump quite well.  It looks very much like the spider in a posting in our archives, also from Ecuador, that we identified as possibly a Wandering Spider in the genus Phoneutria, a venomous and potentially dangerous genus .  The spotted legs on your individual look like the spotted legs on an individual in an image on Wikipedia of a Wandering Spider in the genus Phoneutria .  There are many images of Brazilian Wandering Spiders on Primal Shutter and we believe that might be a correct identification for your individual.

Thank you for the information.  After reading more about the spider, I’m glad it didn’t jump! Mike

Letter 4 – Possibly Wandering Spider from Ecuador

Dear Carl, We believe, though we are not certain, that this might be a Wandering Spider in the genus Phoneutria, and you may read more about Wandering Spiders on the Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe website where it states:  “There is no doubt that the venom of some of the species is quite potent for mammals, including humans.”  We eagerly welcome additional opinions on this identification.  Perhaps Cesar Crash of Insetologia can provide something.  In the future, please submit a single species per submission form as it makes it extremely difficult for us to categorize postings with multiple species.

Letter 5 – Wandering Spider from Belize

Hi Karl, Thanks for allowing us to post your excellent image of a Wandering Spider, Cupiennius salei .  The species is pictured on iNaturalist .

Bugman aka Daniel Marlos has been identifying bugs since 1999. whatsthatbug.com is his passion project and it has helped millions of readers identify the bug that has been bugging them for over two decades. You can reach out to him through our Contact Page .

View all posts

Piyushi is a nature lover, blogger and traveler at heart. She lives in beautiful Canada with her family. Piyushi is an animal lover and loves to write about all creatures.

8 thoughts on “Wandering Spider: All You Need to Know in a Nutshell”

Hi Michele, I am an Ecuadorian scientist and specialized on spiders, I would like to find one like yours, I can say that, almost without doubt, you found the Phoneutria itself, it is the Phoneutria fera, look at this picture: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bFH9qzT0F7U/T_2sZuk6xAI/AAAAAAAAAGY/8jnMVcPOcNI/s1600/phoneutria_fera2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://rangerbaiano.blogspot.com/2012/07/animais-peconhentos-e-venenosos.html&usg=__iCWEz7S86xub6RAyvXTER6HBaco=&h=864&w=834&sz=215&hl=es-419&start=6&zoom=1&tbnid=jjOROVO9h-vKXM:&tbnh=145&tbnw=140&ei=99eRUY6xKo2K9QTLvYCoDQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dphoneutria%2Bfera%26sa%3DN%26hl%3Des-US%26sout%3D1%26tbm%3Disch%26prmd%3Divns&itbs=1&sa=X&ved=0CDYQrQMwBQ Can you see the similarities?, unfortunately the spider might be in a better life today 🙂 Another thing, when you want identifications you should take a picture in front, the under part, and the upper part, as well as some characteristics about behaviour like how they react when you approach. The Phoneutria is a very agressive one.. best wishes, bye.

Hi Miguel, Thanks so much for the comment. This is a seven year old posting and we did not have the ability to post comments when it was originally posted online. We have made an update on What’s That Bug? and your comment is greatly appreciated.

Ah, there is also needed the size and the picture of its face so we can see the eye arrangement, depending on that it could also be pisauridae, but I stay in Ctenidae..

This is a female Cupiennius sp. wandering spider.

Perhaps surprisingly, this ubiquitous large spider of the Mindo area appears to be undescribed to species level.

Although one is indeed best advised to exercise caution in the presence of large ctenids, members of the genus Cupiennius are not known to be dangerously venomous (Barth, 2002). By way of confirmation, my girlfriend, Shannon Bowley, managed to be bitten by a mature female of this Mindo species in 2013 – she felt only mild effects, equivalent to a bee sting.

Thanks for this valuable information.

I’m planning a trip to Ecuador and I’m fearing these spiders. Do they get in houses? Any tips to keep them out, so I can sleep at night?

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. You can also subscribe without commenting.

Ctenidae (Wandering Spiders)

The spider family Ctenidae, commonly known as Wandering Spiders, have been sighted 53 times by contributing members. Based on collected data, the geographic range for Ctenidae includes 11 countries and 7 states in the United States. Ctenidae is most often sighted indoors , and during the month of April .

• Pictures (10)

Taxonomic Hierarchy

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Arachnida
• Order: Araneae
• Suborder: Araneomorphae
• Family: Ctenidae

Common Name (AAS )

Wandering Spiders

Eugen von Keyserling, 1877

Sightings Overview

There have been 53 confirmed sightings of Ctenidae (Wandering Spiders), with the most recent sighting submitted on December 28, 2019 by Spider ID member hugo . The detailed statistics below may not utilize the complete dataset of 53 sightings because of certain Ctenidae sightings reporting incomplete data.

• Web: 8% of the time, Ctenidae spiders are sighted in a spider web (Sample size: 52)
• Sex:  2 female and 12 male.
• Environment:  Ctenidae has been sighted 28 times outdoors, and 30 times indoors.
• Outdoors: Man-made structure (13). Low foliage (3). Ground layer (7). Freshwater river, lake, stream (1). Forest (4).

Location and Range

Ctenidae (Wandering Spiders) has been sighted in the following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, France, Honduras, India, Mexico, Panama, Peru, United States.

Ctenidae has also been sighted in the following states: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas.

Seasonality

Ctenidae has been primarily sighted during the month of April.

• February: 2
• September: 1
• November: 2
• December: 3

Genus: Acanthoctenus

Genus: Anahita

Genus: Ancylometes

Genus: Ctenus (Tropical Wolf Spiders)

Genus: Phoneutria

Featured Pictures

Animal Corner

Discover the many amazing animals that live on our planet.

Brazilian Wandering Spider

The Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria fera) is an aggressive and highly venomous spider . It was first discovered in Brazil hence its name. However, this genus is known to exist elsewhere in South and Central America .

The Brazilian Wandering spider is a member of the Ctenidae family of wandering spiders.

The Brazilian Wandering spider appeared in the Guinness Book of World Records 2007 for being the most venomous animal .

In this particular genus, there are five known similar species whose members are also highly venomous. They include some of the relatively few species of spiders that present a threat to human beings.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Characteristics

The Brazilian wandering spider can grow to have a leg span of up to 4 – 5 inches. They are large hairy spindly-looking spiders who have eight eyes, two of which are large. Brazilian wandering spiders are fast-moving spiders, their legs are strong and spiny and they have distinctive red jaws which they display when angered.

The Brazilian wandering spider is not a Tarantula . Brazilian wandering spiders are not even in the same family group. Tarantulas are harmless to humans and are mostly ambush killers who wait for prey to come to them. Brazilian wandering spiders are active hunters. Brazilian wandering spiders and Tarantulas do have one thing in common, however, they do not eat bananas.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Habitat and Spider Webs

The Brazilian Wandering spider is so-called because it wanders the jungle floor, rather than residing in a lair or maintaining a web. This is another reason it is considered so dangerous. In densely populated areas, the Brazilian Wandering spider will usually search for cover and dark places to hide during daytime, leading it to hide within houses, clothes, cars, boots, boxes and log piles. This usually causes accidents when people disturb them.

The Brazilian Wandering spider is also called the ‘banana spider’ as it is occasionally found within shipments of bananas. As a result, any large spider appearing in a bunch of bananas should be treated with due care.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Diet

Adult Brazilian Wandering spiders eat crickets, other large insects, small lizards and mice. Spiderlings of this species eat flightless fruit flies and pinhead crickets.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Reproduction

All spiders produce silk, a thin, strong protein strand extruded by the spider from spinnerets most commonly found on the end of the abdomen. Many species use it to trap insects in webs, although there are many species that hunt freely such as the Brazilian Wandering spider. Silk can be used to aid in climbing, form smooth walls for burrows, build egg sacs, wrap prey and temporarily hold sperm, among other applications.

Brazilian Wandering spiders reproduce by means of eggs, which are packed into silk bundles called egg sacs. The male spider must (in most cases) make a timely departure after mating to escape before the females normal predatory instincts return.

Mature male spiders have swollen bulbs on the end of their palps for this purpose and this is a useful way to identify whether the spider is male or female. Once the sperm is inside the female spider, she stores it in a chamber and only uses it during the egg-laying process, when the eggs come into contact with the male sperm for the first time and are fertilized. The Brazilian Wandering spiders life cycle is 1 – 2 years.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Venom

Bites from the Brazilian Wandering spider may result in only a couple of painful pinpricks to full-blown envenomed. In either case, people bitten by this spider or any Ctenid should seek immediate emergency treatment as the venom is possibly life threatening.

The Phoneutria fera and Phoneutria nigriventer (two species of wandering spider) are the two most commonly implicated as the most vicious and deadly of the Phoneutria spiders.

The Phoneutria not only has a potent neurotoxin, but is reported to have one of the most excruciatingly painful envenoms of all spiders due to its high concentration of serotonin. They have the most active venom of any living spiders.

One of their members, the Brazilian Huntsman, is thought to be the most venomous spider in the world. Brazilian wandering spiders are certainly dangerous and bite more people than any other spiders.

Check out more  animals that begin with the letter B

More Fascinating Animals to Learn About

About joanne spencer.

I've always been passionate about animals which led me to a career in training and behaviour. As an animal professional I'm committed to improving relationships between people and animals to bring them more happiness.

Wandering Spider (Various spp.)

Detailing the physical features, habits, territorial reach and other identifying qualities of the wandering spider.

This silky, robust Wandering Spider moves swiftly to capture insect prey.

General characteristics.

Taxonomic Hierarchy

Identifying information.

Relative Size Comparison

Territorial Reach (A-to-Z)

Territorial Map*

AnimalBehaviorCorner

Brazilian Wandering Spider

Brazilian Wandering Spider , scientifically known as Phoneutria, emerges as a captivating enigma in the realm of arachnids.

Renowned for its formidable reputation as one of the world’s most venomous spiders , Phoneutria embodies a plethora of intriguing traits that have captured the curiosity of enthusiasts and researchers alike.

From its distinctive appearance and neurotoxic venom to its nomadic hunting strategies and unique mating behaviors , this remarkable spider species holds a wealth of fascinating secrets waiting to be unraveled.

Join us as we embark on a journey to explore the captivating world of the Brazilian Wandering Spider, shedding light on its captivating characteristics and dispelling myths that have shrouded its true nature.

1. Taxonomy and Distribution of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. scientific classification of phoneutria.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, scientifically referred to as Phoneutria, occupies a distinct place within the arachnid taxonomy.

Belonging to the family Ctenidae, this spider genus is further categorized into several species, each boasting unique traits and behaviors .

Phoneutria’s taxonomic position not only distinguishes it from its arachnid counterparts but also underscores its intriguing evolutionary journey.

B. Native Habitat in South and Central America

Endemic to the lush landscapes of South and Central America, the Brazilian Wandering Spider finds its natural haven within these diverse regions.

From the rainforests of the Amazon to the tropical stretches of the Caribbean, Phoneutria has adapted to a range of environments over the course of its evolution.

The spider’s ancestral ties to these regions are tightly woven into their behaviors , anatomy, and survival strategies.

C. Preference for Tropical Rainforests and Urban Areas

Within its native territories, the Brazilian Wandering Spider exhibits remarkable versatility in its chosen habitats.

While it thrives amidst the vibrant biodiversity of tropical rainforests, it has also displayed a propensity for urban locales.

Phoneutria’s adaptability has led it to establish a presence in urban areas, where it often finds shelter in crevices, gardens, and even human dwellings.

This adaptability to both wild and urban spaces further showcases the spider’s resilience and capacity to thrive in varying conditions.

2. Physical Characteristics of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. size, coloration, and distinctive markings.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider , a creature of remarkable visual intrigue, boasts an array of captivating physical attributes.

Ranging in size from a few centimeters to several inches, Phoneutria showcases a size diversity that reflects the breadth of its genus.

Its coloration varies across species, encompassing shades of brown, black, and gray, often accompanied by intricate patterns and markings that adorn its exoskeleton.

These unique markings serve not only as a visual spectacle but also as essential components of its survival toolkit.

B. Camouflage and Defense Mechanisms

The Brazilian Wandering Spider’s appearance is a masterpiece of evolution, meticulously crafted to ensure both survival and predation .

Its coloration and markings are tailor-made for blending seamlessly into its surroundings, granting it a potent advantage in ambushing prey and evading predators . Moreover, these markings also play a role in its defense mechanisms.

When threatened, Phoneutria adopts a defensive posture, raising its front legs and revealing its striking markings, a visual warning to potential threats. This dual-purpose camouflage and defense strategy exemplify nature’s ingenuity at its finest.

C. Sexual Dimorphism: Unveiling Gender Differences

A fascinating facet of the Brazilian Wandering Spider lies in the realm of sexual dimorphism , where gender-based variations manifest in pronounced ways.

Females tend to be larger and more robust than their male counterparts, showcasing a size disparity that has evolved in tandem with their roles in reproduction and hunting .

Beyond size, other characteristics, such as leg structure and coloration, also exhibit subtle differences between male and female Phoneutria specimens.

This divergence in physical traits adds depth to our understanding of the species’ intricate biology and behavior .

In exploring the physical characteristics of the Brazilian Wandering Spider , we uncover a canvas painted with size diversity, intricate coloration, and unique markings.

These features, finely tuned by evolution, contribute to its prowess in camouflage and defense, while the fascinating interplay of sexual dimorphism further enriches our perception of this captivating arachnid species .

3. Venomous Nature of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. potent neurotoxic venom: a silent lethal weapon.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, known scientifically as Phoneutria, harbors a venomous arsenal that stands as a testament to nature’s intricate design.

This spider’s venom contains a potent concoction of neurotoxic compounds, tailored by evolution to incapacitate its prey swiftly and efficiently.

The neurotoxins interfere with nerve cell communication, leading to paralysis and ensuring that Phoneutria’s quarry is rendered immobile and defenseless, setting the stage for a successful meal.

B. Effects on Prey and Human Hazard

When a victim succumbs to the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s venom , the effects are a symphony of paralysis and predation .

The venom’s impact on the prey’s nervous system results in swift immobilization, offering the spider a decisive advantage in subduing its catch.

While this venomous efficiency is well-adapted for predation, it also underscores the potential danger to humans.

A bite from Phoneutria can lead to a series of neurotoxic reactions, with varying degrees of severity depending on factors such as the individual’s age and overall health.

While human envenomations are relatively rare, they can result in a range of symptoms, from localized pain and swelling to more severe neurological effects.

C. Recorded Cases of Envenomations: Unraveling the Symptoms

Throughout history, documented cases of Phoneutria envenomations have offered insights into the spider’s potential threat to humans .

Symptoms typically include intense pain at the bite site, accompanied by swelling and redness . In some instances, victims have reported systemic reactions, such as muscle cramps, elevated heart rate, and even breathing difficulties.

Swift medical attention and the administration of antivenom have proven effective in mitigating the severity of these symptoms.

These cases serve as a reminder of the delicate balance between the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s potent venom and the potential risks it poses to those who unwittingly encounter it.

4. Hunting and Diet of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. hunting techniques and wandering behavior.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, scientifically known as Phoneutria, unveils a mesmerizing repertoire of hunting techniques that set it apart as a master predator .

Displaying an agile and nomadic behavior , Phoneutria does not confine itself to the confines of a web. Instead, it actively prowls its surroundings, tirelessly searching for potential prey.

This dynamic wandering behavior ensures that its chances of encountering a variety of food sources are maximized, showcasing a strategic approach to sustenance.

B. Active Hunting Triumphs Over Web-Building

Unlike its web-weaving counterparts, the Brazilian Wandering Spider relies on a more hands-on approach to securing its next meal.

While weaving webs might seem an efficient method, Phoneutria’s active hunting strategy offers a distinct advantage in versatility.

By forgoing the constraints of a stationary web, it can tailor its approach to suit different environments and prey types, adapting its tactics on the fly.

This adaptability demonstrates the spider’s remarkable ability to adjust its methods for optimal results.

C. Diverse Prey Spectrum: Insects to Small Vertebrates

Phoneutria’s diet is a testament to its prowess as an opportunistic predator . Its menu spans a diverse range of creatures, from insects like crickets and cockroaches to small vertebrates such as lizards and frogs , and even small rodents.

This wide-ranging palate highlights its ecological significance in controlling various populations within its habitat.

By consuming creatures both large and small, Phoneutria ensures a balanced ecosystem, playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological equilibrium.

5. Mating and Reproduction of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. courtship rituals and behaviors: a complex affair.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, scientifically referred to as Phoneutria, reveals a captivating array of courtship rituals and behaviors that form the cornerstone of its reproductive cycle.

Courtship among these arachnids is a complex affair, involving intricate dances and displays that serve as both communication and assessment.

Male Phoneutria employs a combination of visual cues, vibrations, and tactile interactions to court potential mates.

This elaborate courtship process highlights the significance of precise communication in the delicate dance of reproduction .

B. Cannibalistic Tendencies: A Post-Mating Phenomenon

An aspect that sets Phoneutria’s mating process apart is the notorious cannibalistic tendency exhibited by females after mating.

Following successful mating, females may exhibit an inclination to consume their partners. This seemingly counterintuitive behavior has evolutionary underpinnings.

It is believed that this cannibalistic act not only provides the female with a much-needed nutritional boost but also eliminates potential competitors and safeguards the male’s investment in the next generation.

This intriguing behavior sheds light on the complexities of reproductive strategies within the species.

C. The Unique Mating Plug Phenomenon: A Puzzling Enigma

A distinctive feature in Phoneutria’s reproductive saga is the enigmatic mating plug phenomenon. After mating, male Phoneutria deposit a specialized substance that forms a plug within the female’s reproductive tract.

This plug is believed to serve multiple purposes. It may prevent other males from mating with the female, thus ensuring the successful transmission of the mating male’s genetic material.

Additionally, it might aid in sealing off the female’s reproductive tract, potentially protecting her from external pathogens.

This phenomenon underscores the intricate interplay of biological strategies that contribute to the species’ reproductive success.

6. Human Interaction and Urban Legends of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. occasional presence in urban areas: nature in our midst.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, scientifically known as Phoneutria, has carved a niche for itself not only in the wild but also in the fabric of urban environments.

While its primary habitats are the lush landscapes of South and Central America, Phoneutria occasionally ventures into human -inhabited spaces. Its adaptability allows it to find shelter in gardens, crevices, and even within homes.

This coexistence with humans adds an intriguing dimension to our encounters with this enigmatic arachnid .

B. Debunking Misconceptions: Separating Fact from Fiction

The presence of the Brazilian Wandering Spider has sparked a plethora of misconceptions and exaggerated tales, contributing to the creation of urban legends.

Stories of spiders leaping from banana bunches or hiding under toilet seats have become part of modern folklore, often fueled by sensationalism.

It’s crucial to sift through these tales and recognize that while Phoneutria’s venom is potent, the likelihood of encountering a dangerous encounter is relatively low.

Separating fact from fiction empowers individuals to approach these creatures with accurate knowledge.

C. Importance of Proper Education: Identifying Friend from Foe

Education plays a pivotal role in fostering a harmonious coexistence between humans and the Brazilian Wandering Spider .

Learning to identify and understand the behaviors of Phoneutria species enhances safety for both humans and the spiders themselves.

Instead of succumbing to unwarranted fear, individuals can take steps to reduce the chances of accidental encounters and, if necessary, engage in responsible removal methods.

By arming themselves with knowledge, individuals can navigate encounters with urban-dwelling Phoneutria specimens with confidence and respect.

7. Brazilian Wandering Spider Conservation and Misunderstanding

A. significance of phoneutria in ecosystem dynamics.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider , scientifically termed Phoneutria, assumes a pivotal role within its ecosystem, contributing to a delicate balance of populations and interactions.

As a top-tier predator , it plays a crucial part in controlling insect and small vertebrate populations, preventing unchecked growth that could disrupt the ecosystem’s equilibrium.

By maintaining these population dynamics, Phoneutria ensures the health and stability of its habitat, highlighting its significance beyond its ominous reputation.

B. Impact of Fear and Misunderstanding: Hindrances to Conservation

Despite its ecological contributions, the Brazilian Wandering Spider often falls victim to fear-driven misconceptions that negatively impact conservation efforts.

Misunderstandings surrounding its behavior and potential danger can lead to unwarranted extermination campaigns and habitat destruction.

Fear-driven reactions not only disrupt the natural balance but also hinder opportunities to study and appreciate the species for its ecological significance.

Addressing these misconceptions is crucial to ensuring the spider’s survival and maintaining the health of its ecosystems.

C. Efforts to Dispel Myths and Promote Coexistence

Efforts to conserve the Brazilian Wandering Spider are interwoven with endeavors to educate and dispel myths.

By providing accurate information and dispelling exaggerated tales, conservationists aim to reshape public perception.

Collaborative initiatives emphasize coexistence, highlighting the importance of responsible behavior when encountering Phoneutria.

Educating communities about the spider’s role, behavior, and conservation status fosters an environment where fear gives way to appreciation, and where balanced cohabitation becomes a reality.

8. Research and Medical Significance of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. ongoing scientific research on phoneutria venom.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider , Phoneutria, has garnered significant attention from the scientific community due to the unique properties of its venom.

Ongoing research delves into the intricate composition of the venom, aiming to unlock its mysteries and potential applications in various fields.

The diverse array of compounds within the venom, particularly its neurotoxic components, has attracted interest for their potential medical and therapeutic implications.

B. Antivenom Development and Therapeutic Prospects

One of the most promising areas of research surrounding Phoneutria lies in the development of antivenoms and therapeutic agents.

The venom’s potent neurotoxic effects on the nervous system have spurred efforts to create targeted treatments for conditions such as chronic pain and neurological disorders .

Additionally, the potential for antivenoms holds promise in mitigating the effects of envenomations, offering a lifeline for individuals who encounter these spiders .

This focus on harnessing the venom’s properties for positive medical outcomes highlights the transformative potential within this enigmatic arachnid .

C. Balanced Perspectives: Navigating Ethical and Scientific Endeavors

While research on the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s venom offers tremendous potential, it necessitates a balanced perspective.

As researchers probe the venom’s properties, ethical considerations arise, including the well-being of the spiders and their ecosystems.

A holistic approach acknowledges the value of understanding Phoneutria’s natural behaviors and conserving its habitats.

This balanced perspective extends to utilizing the venom’s potential responsibly, ensuring that breakthroughs are achieved while respecting the complex interplay of science and nature.

9. Frequently Asked Questions about the Brazilian Wandering Spider

What is the brazilian wandering spider.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider , scientifically known as Phoneutria, is a venomous arachnid found in South and Central America. It’s notorious for its potent venom and is considered one of the most venomous spiders in the world.

Is the Brazilian Wandering Spider dangerous to humans?

Yes, the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s venom contains potent neurotoxins that can cause a range of symptoms in humans , from localized pain and swelling to more severe reactions. While bites are relatively rare, it’s advisable to exercise caution when encountering these spiders.

What is the spider’s habitat?

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is native to tropical rainforests of South and Central America. However, it’s adaptable and can also be found in urban areas, such as gardens and houses.

How does the Brazilian Wandering Spider hunt?

Unlike many spiders that build webs, Phoneutria is an active hunter. It roams its environment in search of prey, relying on its keen senses to detect vibrations and movements.

Are Brazilian Wandering Spiders aggressive toward humans?

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are not naturally aggressive towards humans and will typically only bite in self-defense. However, caution is advised, especially in areas where these spiders are known to inhabit.

Can the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s venom be used for medical purposes?

Yes, research is ongoing into the potential medical applications of Phoneutria’s venom. Its neurotoxic properties have sparked interest in pain management and neurological treatments.

Is the spider’s reputation for crawling into banana shipments true?

While there have been stories of Brazilian Wandering Spiders being found in shipments of bananas, these occurrences are extremely rare. Spiders are unlikely to survive the conditions of shipping and storage.

How can I stay safe around Brazilian Wandering Spiders?

To stay safe, it’s important to be cautious when encountering spiders in their natural habitat. Avoid provoking or handling them, especially if you’re unsure of their identity. If you suspect you’ve been bitten, seek medical attention promptly.

Are there any efforts to conserve the Brazilian Wandering Spider?

Conservation efforts for the Brazilian Wandering Spider are intertwined with public education and dispelling myths. Recognizing its role in ecosystems and promoting coexistence are essential steps in preserving this unique species.

What can I do if I find a Brazilian Wandering Spider in my home?

If you encounter a Brazilian Wandering Spider in your home, it’s advisable to contact local pest control professionals who can safely remove the spider without causing harm.

In the intricate tapestry of nature, the Brazilian Wandering Spider , Phoneutria, emerges as a creature of both fascination and caution.

Its venomous nature and captivating behaviors have earned it a place among the most enigmatic arachnids .

As we continue to explore its world, debunk myths, and understand its vital role in ecosystems, we find a delicate balance between awe and respect.

Armed with knowledge, we navigate the realm of Phoneutria, appreciating its complexity while fostering coexistence, a testament to the intricate dance between humans and the natural world.

Share this:

Similar posts.

Interesting Facts about Polar Bears

Polar bears are majestic creatures with very interesting facts. As the world’s largest land predator, they are an apex predator in the Arctic ecosystem. Polar bears are found in the Arctic region, including the Arctic Ocean, surrounding seas, and parts of Canada, Norway, Greenland, Russia, and the United States. Their habitat consists of vast expanses…

Animals with the Shortest Lifespans

Have you ever wondered which animals have the shortest lifespans on Earth? Even though some animals can live for centuries, there are also those with incredibly short lifespans that only last a matter of hours, days, or weeks. From tiny insects to fish and even mammals, the animal kingdom is filled with fascinating creatures that…

Poison Dart Frog Behavior

Poison Dart Frog behavior unveils a tapestry of fascinating traits inherent to these tiny yet vibrant creatures. Native to the lush rainforests of Central and South America, Poison Dart Frogs boast not only a kaleidoscope of colors but also a repertoire of behaviors that intrigue researchers and nature enthusiasts alike. From elaborate courtship rituals to…

Polar Bear Behavior

Polar Bear Behavior, a fascinating realm in the vast tapestry of wildlife dynamics, unveils the intricacies of these iconic Arctic predators‘ lives. In the frozen landscapes they call home, polar bears exhibit a range of behaviors crucial for their survival. From solitary roamings across the expansive ice to intricate social structures and maternal care, understanding…

Gazelle Behavior

Gazelle Behavior is a fascinating subject that delves into the intricacies of how these graceful and nimble creatures navigate their natural habitats. Gazelles, known for their distinctive behavior patterns, are a vital part of the ecosystem in which they thrive. Understanding Gazelle Behavior not only sheds light on their survival strategies but also underscores their…

Okapi Behavior

Okapi behavior is a fascinating subject that unveils the distinctive characteristics and social dynamics of these elusive creatures. Okapis, often referred to as the “forest giraffe,” exhibit a range of behaviors that reflect their unique adaptation to their rainforest habitat. Understanding Okapi behavior is crucial not only for conservation efforts but also for gaining insights…

March 24, 2009

Do dangerous spiders lurk in grocery store produce?

A potentially lethal spider was recently found in a bunch of bananas at a supermarket. What should consumers should do if confronted with one of the leggy critters?

By Erica Westly

On supporting science journalism

If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing . By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.

Last week, a store manager at a Whole Foods in Tulsa, Okla., was surprised—to say the least—to find a large brown spider lurking in a bunch of bananas . The spider was initially identified as a Brazilian wandering spider ,  a menacing-looking creature with furry fangs and legs as long as five inches (12.5 centimeters) that is considered to be one of the world's most venomous spiders, and one of the few that can kill humans. (Luckily, an anti-venom to the Brazilian’s bite was developed in 1996.) According to the Tulsa World , two local entomologists in the end determined that the invader was more likely a huntsman spider , which is large and brownish in color like the Brazilian wandering, but is nontoxic to humans. Each year, there are several news reports of wandering and huntsman spiders, the main "banana spiders," showing up in grocery store bananas as well as poisonous black widows , which find their way into bunches of grapes on store shelves. Both fruits are generally sprayed with pesticides to prevent insect infestation and usually washed before shipment. Still, even with these precautions and visual inspections, some insects manage to survive. What draws spiders to bananas and grapes—and what should consumers and produce workers who find the potentially deadly critters in their fruit do? To find out, we spoke with Linda Rayor , a spider expert and senior research associate  in Cornell University's entomology department. [ An edited transcript of the interview follows. ] How common is it to find a spider in grocery store fruit—and are spiders more common in grapes and bananas from certain regions? For the bananas, you have a reasonable chance of getting them in ones imported from anywhere in Central or South America, the main sources of the fruit. I have no idea of the actual risk, but there are different types of wandering and huntsman spiders throughout Latin America. You pretty much have a chance of getting black widows—which are found all over the world—in grapes anywhere they grow. Is there something else about grapes that black widows find especially appealing? Spiders are going to be found anywhere that there are insects for them to eat—and there are plenty of insects on grapes. They're very common in vineyards around the world. Grape arbors (the supports between grapevines) provide really great support systems for spider webs—they're perfect for cobweb-building spiders like the black widow—and the grapes make great hiding places. (Black widow bites can be toxic to humans, but they’re not nearly as dangerous as those from the most poisonous wandering spiders. They can cause intense pain and shortness of breath, but are rarely lethal in healthy adults.) How about bananas? Banana trees have these tightly coiled leaves coming up, and then the banana flowers lean down over that. Well, these banana leaves turn out to be just dandy places for these spiders to live, especially ones that hang out on the leaves. The leaves have this kind of hollow center, so a lot of the spiders hang out in the central, deep-covered hole during the day and then come out at night to hunt on the outside of the leaf. Neither one of them are web-building spiders, and so they just kind of hang out on the leaves at night and nab things that wander or fly by. There are two common groups that are both referred to as "banana spiders," but they're totally different from one another. The first group is the wandering spiders, which is the family Ctenidae, or ctenids. The other is an entirely different family, the Sparassidae, which are the huntsman spiders. They're both big spiders that have relatively long legs. They can both easily be the size of the palm of your hand, no problem. Is there an easy way to tell the two types of banana spiders apart? In one description of the spider in Tulsa, the store manager said it jumped at him. That is so much more like wandering than the huntsman spiders. Huntsmans back off and then run away sideways really fast. They're fast, but they're not aggressive. Huntsmans are big enough [for their bites] to break the skin. I've probably been bitten by huntsmans—I work with Australian huntsman spiders—I don't know, five times? It hurts because it breaks the skin, but their venom is really nothing much, and they're not really inclined to bite at all. When a wandering spider is threatened, though, it tends to rear up so its front legs go up in the air in a pretty feisty way, often with its fangs open. It's really scary. So, you've got very, very different behaviors. The huntsman spiders are also different in appearance. Most spiders stand up on all eight legs, but the huntsman spider's legs are rotated so that they're horizontal to the body. This allows them to get really flat to the ground and to move sideways really effectively. In fact, in the U.S. they're sometimes called "giant crab spiders," because they can scuttle around like crabs. The wandering spiders have normal legs that aren't rotated like the huntsman spiders' legs, so they're clearly standing upright, and the underside of the wanderings' front legs, at least in some of their species, is often brightly colored in reds or yellows. It's a warning coloration. What should consumers do if they encounter one of these spiders in their fruit? It's like anything: you have to pay attention to what you're doing and make sure you rinse off your fruit. The wandering and huntsman spiders are both pretty big, so you wouldn't miss them. Black widows are much easier to miss, because they're about the size of a grape. Black widows are really fast in webs, but they're pretty inadequate on the ground. They really can't run on the ground at all. Their abdomens are just too big, so they kind of waddle around. So a black widow is more inclined to simply drop off the web or off a grape into, say, your sink. And then, once on the ground, it's not going anywhere fast. Wandering spiders and huntsman spiders are really fast, and they do just fine on the ground. Now, I'm personally not all that big on squishing these guys. I think it's a whole lot more interesting to get them in a jar and get them identified. Spiders don’t naturally attack humans, so the risk of getting bitten is very low. Basically, people shouldn’t worry too much. Black widows, for example, are really shy. They only bite when they perceive a threat, such as a hand trying to grab them. You should try to get the offending spider to drop on the ground and quickly scoop it up into a large container (just as you would with any other spider). If a black widow does bite you, wait 15 minutes to see if she (only the females are toxic enough to harm humans) has actually injected venom in you--it starts to really hurt.  That is the advice given by Poison Control in Arizona.  Then go to an emergency room where they can provide antivenom or palliative treatment. Evidently, when a Brazilian wandering spider bites, it hurts immediately, so you go to the doctor or emergency room with the spider if possible,  It’s always best for people to bring the spider with them, so the hospital can provide the correct treatment. (For more tips see the CDC’s guide on venomous spiders .) Could stores or shippers do more to keep spiders out of our bananas and grapes? I'm not sure what more could be done. A lot of the insects on these fruits are being doused with chemicals or washed before shipping. For example, before bananas are shipped, they are taken off the plant, put in a water trough to wash them off and then they're packed in large shipping containers, which are kept quite cool. Grapes are shipped at cooler temperatures, too. What will happen is that the spiders at those lower temperatures become quiescent. Some may be dying, but a lot of animals can take cold temperatures for awhile. Both bananas and grapes are sold at the grocery not chilled. So, basically, what you've got is spiders that have been cooled pretty much until they've reached the grocery that are waking up. How dangerous are most spiders? What's important to keep in mind is that truly a small portion of spiders are dangerous to humans. Basically, most spiders can't do a whole lot. They can't break the skin or their venom doesn't react with human physiology. It's estimated that 50 percent of all spider bites don't even inject venom, and they are unlikely to go after humans. Still, you wouldn't want to be bitten by a wandering spider, Brazilian or otherwise. There are wandering spiders all over Latin America, where most bananas come from, the Brazilian wandering spider, or Phoneutria nigriventer , is only found on the Atlantic coast of Brazil, not in Honduras, where the bananas at the Tulsa store came from. The chances of encountering one are really very slim.

A home for Tarantula, Spider, Scorpion and Arachnid Enthusiasts.

Brazilian Wandering Spider facts

Last updated on July 12th, 2023 at 01:48 pm

When you think of deadly spiders, there are a few names that spring to mind – but none more infamous than the Brazilian Wandering Spider. This species is reputed to have the most toxic venom of any spider, having a bite which causes horrendous side-effects like priapism and convulsions.

What you may not know, however, is that the Brazilian Wandering Spider name is actually used for a few species. The most common, and perhaps the most medically significant in the group are Phoneutria nigriventer and Phoneutria fera .

In this post, I’ll tell you more about these two species, from where they live, to what they eat. To keep things simple, I’ll just refer to them both as the “Brazilian Wandering Spider”, given how similar they are. Let’s dive in…

Quick Facts

To kick things off, here are some fascinating factoids about the Brazilian Wandering Spider:

• They belong to the genus ‘Phoneutria’, which translates to ‘murderess’ in Greek.
• They are known for their highly potent venom.
• Wandering Spiders are nocturnal creatures.
• They are also known as ‘banana spiders’ due to their tendency to hide in banana plants.
• They are not web-weavers but active hunters. This is called ‘cursorial’ hunting.
• It’s considered one of the most dangerous spiders in the world.

Other Common Names

The Brazilian Wandering Spider goes by several other names. The most common is the ‘banana spider’, thanks to their notorious habit of stowing away in banana shipments. In their native Portuguese, they’re known as ‘aranhas-armadeiras’ , translating to ‘armed spiders’ – a reference to their aggressive defense posture.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Venom

Possessing one of the most potent venoms among spiders, the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s bite is a cause for concern. Its venom is a complex cocktail of toxins, proteins, and peptides.

The main component that gets everyone’s attention is the neurotoxin, called PhTx3 , which can interfere with the functioning of our nervous system, leading to a variety of symptoms.

What’s the Benefit of Having Such Strong Venom?

With venom potent enough to kill a human, one might wonder why this spider needs such a powerful weapon. The answer lies in its lifestyle.

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are active hunters and their venom is primarily used to incapacitate prey quickly. The venom’s potency also serves as an effective deterrent against potential predators.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Deaths

Despite the notorious reputation, actual deaths from Brazilian Wandering Spider bites are rare. This is largely due to the rapid medical attention available in areas where these spiders are common. Plus, these spiders don’t always inject venom when they bite – a dry bite can occur.

This actually common in venomous animals, including spiders and reptiles. Occasionally they bite and decide to not inject any venom. The point of this is to conserve it, given that it is energetically costly to produce.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Size

Being quite large and impressive compared to most arachnids, adult Brazilian Wandering Spiders can reach a leg span of up to 7 inches (18 cm) . The body size excluding the legs can be up to 2 inches (5 cm). Their size contributes to their intimidating presence.

If you’d to learn more about why they get so big, check out my article on Brazilian Wandering Spider size for more info!

Brazilian Wandering Spider Location and Habitat

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are native to South America. Here’s a quick rundown of their range and preferred habitats:

Brazilian Wandering Spider Speed

An adept hunter, the Brazilian Wandering Spider can move quickly when chasing prey or evading threats. While exact speed measurements can vary, some sources report that these spiders can achieve speeds up to 1 meter per second.

What Does the Brazilian Wandering Spider Eat?

The Brazilian Wandering Spider’s diet consists mainly of insects, other spiders, and occasionally small amphibians and reptiles. Their potent venom allows them to tackle prey larger than themselves, making them one of the apex micro-predators in their habitat.

Final Thoughts…

While the Brazilian Wandering Spider might seem terrifying to many, as an arachnid enthusiast, I find them to be incredibly fascinating. Their potent venom, hunting prowess, and adaptation to diverse habitats reveal the intricate beauty of the evolutionary process.

Just remember, these spiders, like all creatures, play a vital role in our ecosystem. Respect, not fear, should be our response to these remarkable arachnids.

The truth is that most bites are accidental, but they do occur. The fact that so few deaths occur each year is a testament to the effectiveness of the antivenom that has now become widely available.

FAQ related to the Brazilian Wandering Spider

What happens if you are bitten by a brazilian wandering spider.

Immediately after a bite from a Brazilian Wandering Spider, you will experience localized pain. Then, within 5 to 15 minutes the area around the bite will swell. The swelling can spread to most of a limb, for example. Finally, neurological symptoms like coldness, sweating, and convulsions will set in.

Do wandering spiders jump?

Wandering Spiders are excellent at jumping. They can jump several feet when surprised, and may occasionally use this as a tactic to evade predators. Jumping at you isn’t part of how bites happen though. When faced with humans, Wandering Spiders usually stand their ground and use their threat display of raised legs to warn us away.

Is Brazilian wandering spider friendly?

Wandering Spiders are not friendly. As a general rule, they are relatively calm, but can also be defensive. They tend to see humans as a threat, and will not take to being handled easily. That said, they are not aggressive, and most bites happen when someone accidentally touches one or tries to kill it.

Are Brazilian wandering spiders in Australia?

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are not found in Australia. The only species in Australia that get as large as Wandering Spiders are the Huntsman Spiders. At a distance they may appear relatively similar, but Huntsman Spiders are completely harmless to humans.

Related Posts:

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Orb Weavers
• Jumping Spiders
• Cobweb Spiders
• Huntsman Spiders
• Wolf Spiders
• Sicariidae Spiders
• Funnel Weaver Spiders
• Crab Spiders
• Nursery Web Spiders
• Spiders in US
• Parts of a Spider
• Life Cycle of a Spider
• Where do Spiders Live
• What do Spiders Eat
• How long do Spiders Live
• Where do Spiders go in Winter
• Spider Ballooning
• Spider Molting
• Spider Eyes
• Spider Predators

Brazilian Wandering (Phoneutria)

The Brazilian Wandering spider is a type of spider from the Phoneutria group. Even though they’re called “Brazilian,” not all of them come from Brazil. They’re known for having strong venom. In this post, we’ll share cool facts about these spiders and help you understand them better.

Scientific Classification

• Family: Ctenidae
• Genus: Phoneutria

List of Spiders Belonging to This Genus

Physical description and identification.

• Size: They are large in size, with their body being 17- 48mm (.67 – 1.89 inches) long and they also have a leg span of 130 – 150 mm (5.1-5.9 inches).
• Color: The color may vary from one species to the other, though most of them have a brown hairy body, with black spots on their stomach. Some have bright, red hairs on their mouthparts or chelicerae, while others may lack it, a feature that confuses them with species of another genus, particularly the Cupiennius.
• Other characteristics: They often lift their body in an erect posture and hold their frontal legs high to defend themselves against predators.

They are safely placed in a silken sac and the female spiders of this genus are known to lay about 1000 of them in her lifetime.

Spiderlings

They remain with their mother for some time after which they disperse to be on their own. The juvenile spiders are known to consume pin crickets as well as non-volatile fruit flies for their diet.

The spiders of this genus do not build webs but walk on the jungle floor, on the lookout for their prey.

Are Brazilian Wandering Spiders Venomous?

Yes, Brazilian Wandering Spiders have strong venom. They use it to catch their food. It’s one of the reasons they’re pretty famous.

Can Brazilian Wandering Spiders Bite?

Yes, they can bite. While they don’t always want to, they might if they feel scared or threatened by something.

How Fast Can a Brazilian Wandering Spider Kill One?

It has been reported that the bite of species belonging to this genus may result in the victim’s death within one hour after the venom enters the person’s body. However, with effective anti-venom being introduced for treatment in Brazil to combat the toxic effects of these spiders, the incidence of fatalities has been less. In fact, most studies show that death mostly occurs in children below seven years of age. Of all the eight species, P. nigriventer , followed by P. fera, is said to account for most venom intoxications in Brazil.

Ecological Importance and Behavior of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, scientifically known as Phoneutria, stands out not just because of its reputation as one of the world’s most venomous spiders , but also due to its ecological significance and unique behavior.

Natural Predator: Despite their fearsome reputation, Brazilian Wandering Spiders are not at the top of the food chain. They fall prey to larger animals and birds. Among their predators are the coatis, certain species of large spiders, and a variety of avian predators.

Prey-Predator Dynamics: The dynamic between the Brazilian Wandering Spider and its prey is a showcase of nature’s balance. While they are efficient hunters, specializing in ambushing their prey, their own survival is constantly under threat from their predators. This cycle ensures that no one species dominates the ecosystem and that biodiversity thrives.

Relationship with Humans: The relationship between humans and the Brazilian Wandering Spider is one of respect and caution. Their venom is potent and can be harmful to humans, although fatal encounters are rare. 

Quick Facts

Did You Know

• Species of this genus are known for wandering along the jungle floor during the night which is why they are referred to as “wandering spiders”.
• They are alternately called “banana spiders”, a name that they also share with other species because members of this genus have often been found in banana shipments. Research in shipments going to North America showed that 7 of the 135 spiders found in such shipments were of the Phoneutria genus.
• Phoneutria in Greek means murderess, a name perfectly attributed to its aggressive nature.

Other Spiders in this Family

Wandering spiders.

Phoneutria depilata

Phoneutria boliviensis

Phoneutria fera

Phoneutria nigriventer

Southeastern Wandering (Anahita punctulata)

• Terms and Conditions
• Privacy Policy

11 deadliest spiders

From the funnel web spider to the brown recluse, here are some of the deadliest spiders on Earth.

Spiders are some of the most successful arthropods on the planet, having colonized every continent except Antarctica. Not all of these eight-legged arachnids are venomous, but some can be deadly to humans . From the notorious black widow to the ultra-deadly funnel web spider, here are some of the deadliest spiders on Earth.

Brown recluse spider

As their name suggests, brown recluse spiders ( Loxosceles reclusa ) have a shy nature and tend to hide away in dark, sheltered places. However, the brown recluse spider will bite if they feel threatened, and their bites can be deadly. They are usually found in the south and central United States, spanning southeastern Nebraska to southwestern Ohio, south to northwestern Georgia and into Texas.

The brown recluse spider can be dangerous to people because their venom contains a toxin that can cause skin necrosis (rotting). For the most part, symptoms, such as burning and itching at the bite site, as well as fever and nausea, develop a few hours after a bite. In extreme cases, the venom can lead to serious reactions or even death, especially to more vulnerable groups such as young children and the elderly.

Hobo spider

Part of the family of spiders known as the funnel web spiders, the hobo spider ( Eratigena agrestis , formerly Tegenaria agrestis ) can be recognized by it's light to medium brown coloring and the multiple chevron patterns (v-shaped) on its abdomen pointing toward their head. They are often confused with the brown recluse spider (and vice versa), but the brown recluse is much more dangerous to humans. While hobo spiders have been known to bite if they feel threatened, there is much debate about how venomous they actually are. So much so that the Center for Disease Control and Prevention has removed them from their venomous spiders list. However, it's still wise to be cautious as hobo spider bites result in swelling and redness around the area, and can have more severe effects in young children.

Hobo spiders are not great climbers, so you'll find their funnel-shaped webs at ground level. Geographically, they can be found in western North America, in the Pacific Northwest and Great Basin, as well as distributed throughout Europe to Central Asia.

Black widow spider

In the genus Latrodectus , the black widow is one of the most venomous spiders and is found on every continent except Antarctica. In North America, they're commonly found in southern Canada and in the northeastern United States. You can identify the female black widow spider by its shiny black body and distinct red hourglass-shape on the underside of the abdomen. The male black widow is smaller in size, brown or gray in color with small red sports and does not have the hourglass marking.

While both male and female black widows are venomous, only the female is dangerous to humans. The venom of a black widow is reported to be 15 times stronger than that of a rattlesnake, although they don’t deliver as much venom in their bite, so fatalities are rare. That’s not to say a black widow bite isn’t painful! Those unlucky enough to be bitten by a black widow will experience nausea, fever, sweating, restlessness, muscle cramps and labored breathing, and these symptoms may last for several days.

Brazilian wandering spider

Commonly referred to as armed spiders or banana spiders (as they tend to be found hiding within shipments of bananas), the Brazilian wandering spider is one that you'll definitely want to avoid. They belong to the genus Phoneutria , Greek for "murderess," which is quite apt as they are one of the most venomous spiders on Earth.

This arachnid is aggressive, and rather than camping out, the Brazilian wandering spider actively hunts its prey, searching the jungle floor at night. If you ever find yourself in Central and South America, such as Costa Rica or Argentina, watch out! Their neurotoxic venom is extremely painful and affects the nervous system, causing increased sweating and drooling, loss of muscle control, breathing problems, and, in some cases, unwanted prolonged erections.

Yellow sac spider

The yellow sac spiders ( Cheiracanthium) are in the family Cheiracanthiidae and they probably account for more human bites that any other type of spider. These arachnids are distributed all over the globe, from America to Northern Europe, South Africa to India, and even Australia and Japan. They’re nocturnal predators and during the day they hide in small white web cocoons.

Mildly venomous to humans, the yellow sac spider bite can be painful and sometimes misdiagnosed as brown recluse bites. Their venom can cause necrotic legions, as well as redness, swelling and sores around the bite site.

Brown widow spider

Latrodectus geometricus is the scientific name for the brown widow spider. It looks similar to its infamous " cousin " the black widow, right down to the hourglass-shaped marking on its abdomen, but there are some key differences. The brown widow’s marking is orange and yellow rather than red, and as their name suggests, they predominantly have tan and brown mottling and a spiky, rather than smooth, appearance. Believed to originate in South America, the brown widow spider is found all around the world.

The brown widow's venom is less toxic than that of its black cousin. However, it can still be deadly. Although they don't deliver as much venom as a black widow, the brown widow's bite can still cause latrodectism due to its neurotoxic venom. Symptoms of lactrodectism include pain, perspiration, muscle rigidity and vomiting.

Red widow spider

Living mostly in sand dunes in Central and Southern Florida, the red widow spider ( Latrodectus bishop) is another member of the notorious "widow" family. Their venom is just as lethal as brown and black widows, but as they live so far from human contact there has been no recorded bite in medical literature. The female red widow spider's venom is a neurotoxin which is thought to cause prolonged muscle spasms.

The red widow spider has a red-orange head and legs and a black abdomen with yellow rings around red dots. Rather than an hourglass marking like its "cousins," the red widow usually has one or two red marks.

Redback spider

Due to its strikingly similar appearance, the redback spider ( Latrodectus hasselti ) was once thought to be a sub species of the black widow spider, but it is a distinct species. Also known as the Australian black widow, you can find this creepy crawly throughout Australia, Southeast Asia and New Zealand. The redback spider has even been found in Japan, the United Arab Emirates and Belgium due to inadvertent introductions.

Highly venomous, the bite from the female redback spider can be life-threatening. Using its fangs, it injects a complex venom that causes intense pain at the bite area, in addition to sweating and goosebumps. As time goes on, these symptoms worsen and there may also be redness and swelling, as well as nausea, muscle twitching, headache and fever. Respiratory failure may occur in severe cases. Thankfully, in 1956 scientists released a redback spider antivenom which is very effective, even when used several weeks after the initial bite. No deaths have been reported since.

Funnel-web spiders

Normally in the world of spiders it is the female that is more deadly, but for funnel-web spiders ( Atrax ) the male has the more toxic bite. Any attack must be treated quickly with antivenom, especially if a child has been bitten. There have been several recorded fatalities due to the venomous bites of the funnel-web spider, with death occurring within the hour after being bitten. However, since the development of the antivenom in 1981, there haven’t been any more recorded deaths. Predominantly located in southeast Australia (Sydney), funnel-web spiders are also found in New Zealand, Chile and Europe.

Interestingly, animals such as cats and dogs can actually survive a funnel web bite – it takes about 30 minutes for their body to neutralize the toxin – it's just humans who have such a severe reaction. This venom effects the nervous system and causes symptoms such as an elevated heart rate, numbness/tingling of the mouth and difficulty breathing.

Six-eyed sand spider

Found in deserts in southern Africa, the six-eyed sand spider ( Hexophthalma hahni ) buries itself in the sand to ambush unsuspecting prey. The small, stiff hairs that cover the spider helps to hold sand particles in place, adding to its camouflage. It's otherwise known as the six-eyed crab spider due to its crab-like legs.

Another arachnid that produces venom with necrotic effects, the six-eyed sand spider is the most venomous of any of its arachnid relatives, toxicology studies reveal. Scientists have found that there are proteins within their venom that can cause tissue destruction, blood vessel leakage, and thinning of the blood. No antivenom currently exists.

Mouse spider

Black in color with stocky, thick legs and a distinctively bulbous head and jaw regions, the mouse spider ( Missulena ) looks a lot more frightening than its name sounds. One species is located in Chile, another in South America and the rest distributed throughout Australia. They live in soil-covered burrows, popping out the hinged trapdoor top to attack prey.

Their hard, large fangs can cause a deep and very painful bite. However, while scientists believe that the venom of the mouse spider is very toxic, it is rarely injected. As so few cases have been reported, it is thought that mouse spiders don't use a lot of venom or may even "dry bite." Fortunately, funnel-web spider antivenom has proven effective in cases of mouse spider bite.

Sign up for the Live Science daily newsletter now

Get the world’s most fascinating discoveries delivered straight to your inbox.

Christina is a freelancer writer and editor from the UK. She has a degree in English Language and Literature with geography from the University of Keele, and a Masters in Publishing from Anglia Ruskin University. She covers everything from Lego sets and science kits through to laptops for students. If it helps you learn, she'll help you find it for cheaper.

Giant, invasive Joro spiders with 6-foot webs could be poised to take over US cities, scientists warn

Diving bell spider: The only aquatic arachnid that creates a web underwater to live in

Co-sleeping with pet dogs — but not cats — linked to poorer sleep in study

Most Popular

By Anna Gora December 27, 2023

By Anna Gora December 26, 2023

By Anna Gora December 25, 2023

By Emily Cooke December 23, 2023

By Victoria Atkinson December 22, 2023

By Anna Gora December 16, 2023

By Anna Gora December 15, 2023

By Anna Gora November 09, 2023

By Donavyn Coffey November 06, 2023

By Anna Gora October 31, 2023

By Anna Gora October 26, 2023

• 2 Hidden chunk of Earth's crust that seeded birth of 'Scandinavia' discovered through ancient river crystals
• 3 Explosive green 'Mother of Dragons' comet now visible in the Northern Hemisphere
• 4 Nuclear fusion reactor in South Korea runs at 100 million degrees C for a record-breaking 48 seconds
• 5 'It's had 1.1 billion years to accumulate': Helium reservoir in Minnesota has 'mind-bogglingly large' concentrations
• 2 Nuclear fusion reactor in South Korea runs at 100 million degrees C for a record-breaking 48 seconds
• 3 'It's had 1.1 billion years to accumulate': Helium reservoir in Minnesota has 'mind-bogglingly large' concentrations
• 4 Explosive green 'Mother of Dragons' comet now visible in the Northern Hemisphere

Fact Animal

Facts About Animals

Brazilian Wandering Spider Facts

Brazilian wandering spider profile.

There are more than 50,000 species of spider, and the vast majority are less dangerous than a honeybee. Almost none are aggressive, and of those with medically significant venom, only a small percentage are capable of causing death. So, on the whole, arachnophobes are just being a bit silly.

But there’s one spider that vindicates all of these fears, and few animals are as globally renowned to be a serious threat to human lives as the Brazilian Wandering Spider .

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are actually 9 species of spider in the same genus ‘Phoneutria’, one of which is found in Central America, with the rest in South America.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Facts Overview

These spiders are called wandering spiders because of instead of spinning a web to wait for food, or occupying a lair, they spend their night wandering in the leaf litter of the jungle floor for prey.

The sensitive hairs on its body help detect vibrations of passing prey, and it will feed on insects, lizards, frogs and any animals as large as itself.

During the day they will hide under logs, rocks, or inside termite mounds and banana plants. They will also sometimes wander into urban areas and homes, where they can come into contact with humans.

Brazilian wandering spiders are aggressive , dangerous and frightening. For once, this is an animal you should be wary of.

The females are larger, around 50% heavier than males, and produce more venom, and this might be a clue as to why their Greek name translates to “ Mudress” . These spiders will often stand and fight and have an intimidating threat display.

The potency of their venom is one of the reasons they’re so dangerous, and their ability to hide away in fruit and shoes explains why most bites are on extremities.

Interesting Brazilian Wandering Spider Facts

1. armed spiders.

In Brazilian, these are sometimes known as armed spiders, on account of their elongated front legs.

They can convey quite a bit of information with these legs, and as wandering spiders, use them to get about the forest, looking for food.

2. Banana Spiders

They’re also sometimes called ‘banana spiders’ on account of their status as a stowaway on popular fruit imported from the tropics.

This is becoming less common as stricter regulations ensure there’s less contamination of fruits, but there’s always a chance your next bunch of bananas will have a family of these spiders living inside it.

3. They have the largest venom glands of any spider

Females produce more venom than males, but both sexes have enormous venom glands. These glands are even more impressive when you consider the size of the spider is significantly less than the largest around.

The venom glands of the Brazilian Wandering Spider are over a centimetre long, and this is all housed inside the bright red chelicerae (mouth parts) which they are quick to display whenever they get upset. 1

4. They’re aggressive

These spiders can grow quite large and have long, brightly-coloured legs. Unlike most spiders, they’re known to stand their ground when threatened and are far quicker to bite than many other species.

They’ll still try to scurry away where possible, and they’re not out to get anybody.

But where most other species will flee, the wandering spiders’ aggression does make it more likely to be involved in incidents.

Most bites are on fingers and toes, a sign that they’re being stepped on or grabbed inadvertently. When the spider feels cornered, it’ll rear up on its back legs and waves its colourful arms around as a warning.

Then it’ll sway side to side, beckoning you to have a go. Anything foolhardy enough to call this bluff gets a wealth of envenomation effects. 2 3

5. They give some men erections

There are ways to accomplish this with fewer side effects, but a bit from a Brazilian wandering spider does come with a certain Viagral quality.

This isn’t as fun as it might sound. Prolonged erections in this manner are likely to harm and destroy muscles and blood vessels in the penis and could cause irreparable damage.

Besides this, the assault on the central nervous system that comes with envenomation by this spider doesn’t sound worth it. 4

6. And some people die

This assault brings with it a whole host of unpleasant symptoms. Seizures, foaming at the mouth, inability to speak, collapse, and a host of other miserable experiences.

Paralysis is possible, as is cardiac shock. Blood vessels can burst in the brain, or anywhere else, and in many cases, this can be enough to kill a person.

This spider has one of the most potent venoms of all, and there are multiple legitimate records of death as a result of bites.

7. But they’re rarely fatal

While the Brazilian wandering spider is potentially one of the most dangerous spiders in the world, there is some evidence to suggest it gives a dry bite, defensively.

This means that despite exceptionally toxic venom, the amount actually injected is less than some of the other contenders, and this is what makes it typically less lethal than the Australian funnel webs.

These spiders are classified as Dangerous Wild Animals and would therefore require a special permit to keep. Bites from wandering spiders are common in South America, but antivenom is often readily available, and they rarely result in death.

In most cases, lethal bites are cases of a very young or very old victim, and few people of healthy age are killed. 5

8. They do invade the UK sometimes

These unquestionably scary spiders show up in supermarkets in the UK on occasion, having hitched a ride on banana shipments.

On more than one occasion they’ve made their way into shoppers’ homes, but it doesn’t appear that there are any cases of them biting people as a result.

These spiders aren’t suited for temperate climates and don’t survive Winter, so there’s no risk of them multiplying.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Fact-File Summary

Scientific classification, fact sources & references.

• PeerJ. (2017), “ Dimensions of venom gland of largest venom glands in all spiders ”, Bio Numbers.
• Dave Clarke (2010), “ Venomous spider found in Waitrose shopping ‘beautiful but aggressive’” , The Guardian.
• “ Phoneutria Perty (Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae) ”, UF-IFAS University of Florida
• Kátia R.M. Leite (2012), “ Phoneutria nigriventer spider toxin Tx2-6 causes priapism and death: A histopathological investigation in mice ”, Science Direct.
• “ Brazilian wandering spiders: Bites & other facts ”, Live Science.

Turn Your Curiosity Into Discovery

Latest facts.

Tips and Tricks to Help You Create a HIPAA Compliant Email

How to Stop Facial Hair Growth in Females Naturally

17 surprising facts about brazilian wandering spider.

Written by Regine Thomsen

Modified & Updated: 05 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, also known as the banana spider, is a fascinating and enigmatic creature that hails from the tropical forests of South America. With its vibrant colors, impressive size, and potent venom, this spider has earned a notorious reputation as one of the most dangerous arachnids in the world.

In this article, we will delve into the intriguing world of the Brazilian Wandering Spider and uncover 17 surprising facts about this captivating creature. From its unique hunting techniques to its bizarre reproductive behavior, these facts will shed light on the mysterious nature of this spider and challenge any preconceived notions you may have about them.

Whether you have a fear of spiders or simply have an interest in the wonders of the animal kingdom, prepare to be amazed and astounded as we explore the remarkable features and habits of the Brazilian Wandering Spider.

Key Takeaways:

• The Brazilian Wandering Spider is a venomous nocturnal hunter with unique mating rituals and a surprising nickname, “Banana Spider,” due to its occasional presence in banana shipments.
• Its potent neurotoxic venom can cause painful erections in humans and requires prompt medical attention, but antivenom is available for treatment in areas where the spider is prevalent.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is one of the most venomous spiders in the world.

With its potent neurotoxic venom, the Brazilian Wandering Spider poses a significant threat to humans and animals alike.

It is found in various parts of South America, including Brazil, Venezuela, and Suriname.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is native to the rainforests of South America and has adapted to diverse habitats within the region.

Male Brazilian Wandering Spiders have unique leg flaps.

Unlike other spiders, male Brazilian Wandering Spiders have specialized leg flaps that they use to attract females during courtship rituals.

Female Brazilian Wandering Spiders are larger than males.

The females of this species can grow up to 5 inches in leg span, while males are usually smaller, measuring around 3 inches.

They are known for their distinctive hunting behavior.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider does not build a traditional web to catch prey. Instead, it actively hunts for insects, small rodents, and even lizards.

The venom of the Brazilian Wandering Spider can cause painful erections in humans.

A bite from this spider can lead to a condition called priapism, which is characterized by prolonged and painful erections in men.

This spider is also known as the Banana Spider.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider earned its nickname “Banana Spider” due to its occasional presence in banana shipments, causing concerns for importers and consumers.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider has a defensive display known as “threat posture”.

When threatened, this spider raises its front legs, exposing its fangs and warning potential predators of its venomous capabilities.

They possess a potent venom that affects the nervous system.

The neurotoxic venom of the Brazilian Wandering Spider causes symptoms such as severe pain, muscle spasms, respiratory distress, and in rare cases, even death.

Antivenom exists for the treatment of Brazilian Wandering Spider bites.

In areas where the spider is prevalent, antivenom is available to counteract the effects of its potent venom. Prompt medical attention is crucial in these cases.

Brazilian Wandering Spiders have excellent eyesight.

With their eight eyes, these spiders have keen vision and can detect movement from a considerable distance.

They are nocturnal creatures.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is primarily active during the night, using its superior vision and hunting skills to locate prey.

These spiders can deliver multiple bites in a single attack.

When threatened, the Brazilian Wandering Spider may repeatedly bite its target, increasing the dosage of venom injected into the victim.

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are known to be highly aggressive.

When disturbed or cornered, these spiders are quick to display defensive behavior and may attack without hesitation.

They have bristly hairs on their bodies, known as urticating hairs.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider possesses specialized hairs on its abdomen that can cause irritation and discomfort when they come into contact with the skin.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is a member of the Ctenidae family.

Belonging to the Ctenidae family, which includes other wandering spiders, the Brazilian Wandering Spider is notable for its unique characteristics.

Female Brazilian Wandering Spiders protect their egg sacs diligently.

After laying their eggs, female Brazilian Wandering Spiders guard their egg sacs fiercely to ensure the survival of their offspring.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is undoubtedly one of the most fascinating creatures in the animal kingdom. Their unique characteristics and behaviors make them a subject of both awe and fear. From their lethal venom to their uncanny ability to wander into unexpected places, these spiders have managed to capture the attention of researchers and enthusiasts alike.

Understanding the 17 surprising facts about the Brazilian Wandering Spider gives us a glimpse into their world and highlights their significance in the ecosystem. From their impressive hunting techniques to their role as both predator and prey, these spiders play a vital role in maintaining the balance of nature.

While encountering a Brazilian Wandering Spider in the wild might be a rarity for many, it’s important to respect these creatures and appreciate their beauty from a safe distance. By learning more about them, we can cultivate a greater understanding and appreciation for the diverse and awe-inspiring world of animals.

Q: Are Brazilian Wandering Spiders really dangerous?

A: Yes, they are. Brazilian Wandering Spiders are considered one of the most venomous spiders in the world. Their bite can be fatal if not treated promptly.

Q: Where are Brazilian Wandering Spiders found?

A: These spiders are native to various regions in South America , including Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.

Q: How big do Brazilian Wandering Spiders get?

A: Adult Brazilian Wandering Spiders can have a leg span of up to 6 inches, making them one of the largest spiders in the world.

Q: What do Brazilian Wandering Spiders eat?

A: They primarily feed on insects, but they have also been known to eat small reptiles and amphibians.

Q: Are Brazilian Wandering Spiders aggressive?

A: Brazilian Wandering Spiders can exhibit aggressive behavior if they feel threatened. It’s important to exercise caution and avoid provoking them.

Was this page helpful?

Our commitment to delivering trustworthy and engaging content is at the heart of what we do. Each fact on our site is contributed by real users like you, bringing a wealth of diverse insights and information. To ensure the highest standards of accuracy and reliability, our dedicated editors meticulously review each submission. This process guarantees that the facts we share are not only fascinating but also credible. Trust in our commitment to quality and authenticity as you explore and learn with us.

Share this Fact:

We have emailed you a PDF version of the article you requested.

Can't find the email?

Please check your spam or junk folder

You can also add [email protected] to your safe senders list to ensure you never miss a message from us.

Brazilian Wandering Spider: One Of The World's Most Venomous Spiders May Be Lurking In Your Bananas

Complete the form below and we will email you a PDF version

Cancel and go back

IFLScience needs the contact information you provide to us to contact you about our products and services. You may unsubscribe from these communications at any time.

For information on how to unsubscribe, as well as our privacy practices and commitment to protecting your privacy, check out our Privacy Policy

Complete the form below to listen to the audio version of this article

Advertisement

Sign up today to get weekly science coverage direct to your inbox

© 2024 IFLScience. All Rights Reserved

Newsletters  in your inbox!

Subscribe today for our  Weekly Newsletter  in your inbox!

These species are notoriously aggressive.

Eleanor Higgs

Digital Content Creator

Eleanor is a content creator and social media assistant with an undergraduate degree in zoology and a master’s degree in wildlife documentary production.

Book View full profile

Book Read IFLScience Editorial Policy

Francesca Benson

Copy Editor and Staff Writer

Francesca Benson is a Copy Editor and Staff Writer with a MSci in Biochemistry from the University of Birmingham.

DOWNLOAD PDF VERSION

This is one of the most dangerous spider species in the world.

Image Credit: Dr Morley Read/Shutterstock

Meet the Brazilian wandering spiders in the genus Phoneutria , also referred to as the armed spiders or the banana spiders. The members of this group have one of the most dangerous bites of any spider species on Earth and they have been classified as the world’s most venomous spider many times.

Where Do Brazilian Wandering Spiders Live?

Though currently the Guinness World Record is shared with another species – the Sydney funnel-web, ( Atrax robustus ) – the Brazilian wandering spiders are a force to be reckoned with. 

As the name suggests all the Brazilian wandering spiders can be found in northern South America, with at least one species having distributions across more than just Brazil, writes the University of Florida . However, Phoneutria fera and Phoneutria nigriventer are the main species that feature in news articles as they often travel overseas in shipments of bananas, causing panic and confusion – and even the closure of supermarkets . 

What Is The Size Of A Brazilian Wandering Spider?

The size of the Brazilian wandering spiders varies between species. Some can be very large with a leg span of 18 centimeters (7.1 inches). The spiders are famously quite aggressive, and instead of running from threats will rear up onto their back legs and stand their ground. 

What Are The Effects Of A Brazilian Wandering Spider Bite?

Brazilian wandering spiders often make the news because of the unusual symptoms caused to humans after being bitten by one. 

A 2023 study in Frontiers In Molecular Biosciences suggested there were around 4,000 cases of people being bitten by Phoneutria nigriventer in Brazil each year. Their venom affects the nervous system, causing double vision, salvation, irregular heartbeat – and even prolonged painful erections, known as priapism . In fact, because of this, their venom is being explored as a possible treatment for erectile dysfunction conditions.

Can A Brazilian Wandering Spider Bite Kill You?

The neurotoxin PhTx3 is to blame for these symptoms, and according to the Independent , a wandering spider bite can reportedly be fatal in as little as 60 minutes. However, an effective anti-venom is usually enough to save those affected. A study into Phoneutria boliviensis in 2019 suggested that the species had adapted its venom to catch vertebrates as opposed to lizards and amphibians, which might explain why the venom is so toxic to humans. 

It comes as no surprise then that their scientific name Phoneutria means “murderess” in Greek. 

ARTICLE POSTED IN

South America,

brazilian wandering spider,

creepy crawlies

More Nature Stories

Ancient Water Striders Found In Amber Have Been Stuck Doing The Deed For 100 Million Years

Does Botswana Really Want To Send 20,000 Elephants To Germany?

The Red Sea Is Facing "An Uncertain Future"

The Pentagon Has Released Several Videos Of Unexplained Anomalous Phenomena

Childbirth Vs Pain In The Balls

What Happens During A Post-Mortem? Find Out In This "Living Autopsy"

Brazilian Wandering Spider: Care, Food, Habitat & Preventions

Mike Wallace

Have you ever heard of or do you know what a  Brazilian wandering spider is ? It is a big venomous spider from places like Central and South America, and people sometimes call it the  banana spider . Why? Well, we are about to find out!

Table of Contents

These wandering spiders are aggressive hunters who go out on the hunt at night. Their meals include both invertebrates (like insects) and vertebrates (creatures with a backbone, like small animals).

These spiders are super dangerous because their venom is like a powerful potion that can make people really sick or even worse. They usually hang out in tropical rainforests and even in cities, hiding in banana plants. 

So, let’s get more information about the world of this sneaky spider to learn the details about its looks, eating habits, where it lives, the venom it carries, and find out if it is genuinely risky. Ready to explore? Keep reading!

Brazilian Wandering Spider Description:

Scientific name and family:.

In Brazil, they are sometimes known as “ armed spiders ” (armadeiras), and they share the name “ banana spiders ” with a few other spiders. They have different names, but they are all talking about the same interesting spider!

The Brazilian wandering spider, scientifically known as  Phoneutria , Maximilian Perty kickstarted the Phoneutria genus in 1833. The name comes from the Greek word φονεύτρια , which means “murderess” and falls under the Animalia kingdom, Arthropoda phylum, and Arachnida class.

Within Arachnida, it is classified in the order Araneae, infraorder Araneomorphae, and Ctenidae family. The genus Phoneutria, described by Perty in 1833, includes the type species  Phoneutria fera .

This classification helps us understand where these spiders fit into the larger picture of living organisms.

The following 9 species are accepted by The  World Spider Catalog :

• Phoneutria bahiensis
• Phoneutria boliviensis
• Phoneutria eickstedtae
• Phoneutria fera
• Phoneutria keyserlingi
• Phoneutria nigriventer
• Phoneutria pertyi
• Phoneutria reidyi
• Phoneutria depilata

What do Brazilian Wandering Spider look like?

Size range:.

The spiders in the Phoneutria group can get pretty big in size. Their legs can stretch out to be 13 to 18 centimeters (5 to 7 inches) wide, and their bodies can have a range between 17 to 48 millimeters (a little more than half an inch to almost 2 inches) long.

The female Brazilian spiders can get pretty big, reaching up to 15 centimeters (5.9 inches) in length. On the other hand, the males are smaller, usually measuring around 7 centimeters (2.8 inches). They usually weigh up to 0.21 ounces.

They have long, slender legs, and even though some other spiders with different names might have longer legs, the Phoneutria spiders are champions when it comes to having the longest bodies and being the heaviest in their spider gang.

The spider’s body has two main parts. The first is the prosoma, kind of like its “head,” where you will find all eight legs, eyes, fangs (chelicera), and little multitasking arms (pedipalps).

The second part is the opisthosoma, holding the spinnerets for making silk, the back end opening (anal opening), “the lungs,” the heart, and the important bits for making baby spiders (reproductive organs).

So, the prosoma is like the front control center, and the opisthosoma is like the back office, handling things like silk-making and baby-making.

Brazilian spiders come in different colors, with most being hairy and shades of brown and gray. Some species may have lightly colored spots on their abdomen.

A distinctive feature of many species is the presence of bands of black and yellow or white on the underside of their two front legs.

Identification:

To identify a spider from the Phoneutria group, look for a dense brush of fine hairs on their leg parts. They might seem like other spiders, especially  Cupiennius , but here is how you can differentiate: 

• Phoneutria often have a dark line on the front of their palps and a thin black line on top of their head. 
• Check underneath, too; their legs usually have dark parts and light joints. Sometimes, the belly has black dots or is reddish. 
• Usually it has been observed that when they are upset, they do a cool defensive move like lifting their front legs high with a distinctive pattern. So, if you see a spider doing that dance, it is probably a Phoneutria!

Brazilian Wandering Spiders live all over the Americas, from Costa Rica to northern Argentina. They are like the residents of the jungle, chilling in forests east of the Andes in countries like Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and the Guianas.

Some, like P. reidyi, P. boliviensis, and P. fera, love the Amazon rainforest, while others prefer the Atlantic Forest in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil.

They have also made themselves at home in the Cerrado savanna. But if you head to northeastern Brazil, they are not around. These spiders have even taken trips to Chile and Uruguay.

Why are they called Banana Spiders?

These spiders are linked with bananas. Richard S. Vetter, a researcher at the University of California, found that these powerful spiders sometimes end up in North America and Europe by accident, hitching a ride in banana shipments.

But it is often a case of mistaken identity. Only a few Phoneutria species have been found in banana shipments, and sometimes, other spiders get the blame due to misidentification. 

What They Like to Eat or Hunt?

Their food includes flies, beetles, butterflies, moths, grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets. Occasionally, they might even feast on small creatures like amphibians, reptiles, or mice. All these diet or food findings tell us about how diversified eating habits these fascinating spiders have.

Mating and Lifecycle:

Like most spiders, the female spiders are bigger than the males. When the male spider wants to be friends, they do a little dance (vibrating his pedipalps and specialized sensory appendages) to signal his intentions to impress the female, but it is a cautious approach.

The behavior of the female can be choosy, and she might say no to a few before picking the right one. 

After the dance, sometimes, the females decide to attack them, or if she is interested, she can store the male’s baby-making material in a special place until she is ready to use it.

Then, she lays a bunch of eggs, up to 1,000 at a time, and keeps them safe in a silk egg sac. Sadly, after laying her eggs, the mom spider says goodbye. It is her way of making sure the new spiders are ready to explore the world on their own.

The lifespan of the banana spider (Phoneutria nigriventer) differs for males and females. Females usually live for 6 to 8 weeks after reaching maturity, while males have a shorter lifespan of 2 to 3 weeks after their last molt. 

Certain mammals, like coatis (Procyonidae, which includes raccoons) and other small insectivores, birds are potential predators of large wandering spiders.

These spiders got their name as wandering spiders because of the fact that they are not into web building. Instead, they stroll around the forest floor at night(nocturnal), searching for dinner.

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are active hunters and use both ambush tactics and direct attacks to catch their prey. During the day, they prefer cozy spots like under logs or in crevices, only emerging at night for their hunting adventures. These spiders do not build nests like other spider species.

While wandering spiders are not naturally aggressive towards humans, they won’t hesitate to bite if they feel cornered or threatened. Most bites happen when a spider accidentally gets trapped in clothing or bedding. 

Bite and Venom:

The bite of the armed spider is the most dangerous in the world as the venom it carries can be harmful to humans.

The danger is not just about how strong the venom is; it is also about factors like the spider’s likelihood to bite and how close it is to where people live.

These spiders often hide in houses, clothes, and other dark places during the day, making accidental bites more likely. 

While their fangs are adapted for small prey, some experts think they might give a “dry” bite in defense to save venom. Studies suggest that not all bites inject venom, and serious cases requiring antivenom are rare.

However, there have been confirmed cases of death, with symptoms appearing quickly, including:

• Severe pain
• Breathing difficulties
• Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• In severe cases, paralysis and death

The severity can depend on the spider’s sex, with females generally more dangerous. The spiders produce less venom in colder months, and a small amount can be potent enough to harm.

Fortunately, bites from Brazilian spiders are rare, and when they do occur, the exposure to the toxins is generally mild, as explained by Vetter.

Also Read: What is a Huntsman Spider? (Heteropodidae) – The Ultimate Guide

Banana Spider’s Facts:

Below are essential details about Brazilian wandering spiders:

• They hold the title for the world’s largest spiders , boasting leg spans reaching up to 15 centimeters (6 inches).
• Their venom packs a powerful punch, capable of inducing severe pain, paralysis, and, in extreme cases, fatal outcomes for humans.
• Despite their intimidating reputation, they are generally non-aggressive and resort to biting only when provoked.
• These spiders inhabit tropical rainforests and urban areas across Central and South America.
• In case someone has been bitten by this spider, he/she needs quick medical treatment to control the effects timely.

Treatment and Preventive Measures:

If bitten by a wandering spider or armed spiders, prompt medical attention is crucial. There is an antivenom for the spider’s venom, but its effectiveness is highest when administered within a few hours of the bite.

To prevent a bite:

• Wear protective clothing, use shoes and long pants when in areas where these spiders are found.
• Before wearing your clothes and shoes, make sure to check them to ensure no spiders are hiding.
• Maintain cleanliness and avoid leaving food or garbage exposed, as this can attract spiders.

These preventive measures are essential for minimizing the risk of encountering and getting bitten by Banana spiders.

Can Brazilian spiders kill humans?

Brazilian wandering spiders (Phoneutria nigriventer) are venomous and can potentially kill a human with a single bite. Their venom contains a potent neurotoxin that can cause severe pain, paralysis, and even death. 

Are Brazilian spiders poisonous?

Yes the venom of this spider is poisonous, that can cause death. While Brazilian wandering spiders are potentially dangerous, actual bites are relatively rare.

By adopting preventive measures and promptly seeking medical attention if bitten, the risk of serious complications can be significantly reduced.

Can you keep Brazilian spiders as pets?

It is strongly advised against keeping wandering spiders as pets due to their venomous nature and the potential risk to human safety.

Managing these spiders in captivity demands specialized knowledge and handling procedures to minimize the risk of bites.

Final Thoughts:

The Brazilian wandering spider, banana spider, or armed spider is a large and venomous arachnid found in Central and South America. While their potent venom can be harmful to humans, encounters are rare.

These nocturnal hunters have adopted various habitats, from rainforests to urban areas, and are associated with banana shipments. Understanding their appearance, behavior, and habitat is crucial for minimizing risks.

Seeking immediate medical attention after a bite is essential, as antivenom is available but most effective when administered promptly. Despite their fearsome reputation, the Brazilian spider remains a captivating and potentially dangerous species.

About the author

Spiders Planet is the ultimate source of information about spiders! All the articles on this site will provide you with the most accurate and up-to-date information written by me and a group of writers, that is well-researched and fact-checked before it’s published.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Latest posts

Do Spiders Eat Fruit? Unveiling the Secrets

The connection between animals and fruits showcases a captivating example of mutualism, a win-win relationship where both parties benefit. Animals gain access to…

Are Woodlouse Spiders Venomous?

The Woodlouse spider (Dysdera crocata) is a spider species that mainly hunts and feeds on woodlice and is mostly found in Africa, Asia,…

What Does Wolf Spiders Eat?

Wolf spiders are excellent hunters of small insects. Unlike spiders that weave intricate webs, these predators rely on sharp vision and stealthy moves…

Amazing Animals+

25 Largest Spiders On The Planet

Posted: April 4, 2024 | Last updated: April 4, 2024

Within the complex and vibrant mosaic of nature, spiders emerge as a group rich in diversity and intrigue. Often eliciting fear and misunderstanding, these arachnids play a vital role in sustaining ecological equilibrium across a myriad of environments. Spanning from the lush canopies of tropical forests, through the shadowy recesses of caverns, to the broad expanses of deserts, spiders demonstrate a remarkable spectrum of sizes, behaviors, and appearances. This introduction to some of the planet’s largest spiders aims to illuminate their distinct traits, ecological significance, and the wonder of their existence. As we delve into the domain of these extraordinary beings, we encourage readers to discover the variety, intricacy, and elegance spiders bring to our world, highlighting the profound biodiversity that enriches our planet.

Goliath Birdeater

The Goliath Birdeater stands as the world’s most massive spider. Found in the lush rainforests of South America, it boasts a leg span that is nothing short of impressive. Tipping the scales at over 6 ounces, this spider is a giant in the arachnid realm. Contrary to what its name might suggest, it seldom hunts birds, instead preferring a diet of insects and small mammals.

Camel Spider

Camel Spiders, while not genuine spiders, frequently feature in conversations about sizable arachnids because of their notable dimensions, with some reaching lengths of up to 6 inches. These beings inhabit desert terrains and are renowned for their swift movements and formidable looks. Lacking venom, they possess sizable jaws capable of inflicting a painful bite. Camel Spiders are active at night, mainly preying on a diet of ground-dwelling insects and small creatures.

Brazilian Giant Tawny Red Tarantula

The Brazilian Giant Tawny Red Tarantula, an imposing figure in the arachnid world, can boast a leg span of close to 10 inches. Native to the forests of Uruguay and Brazil, this tarantula is celebrated for its significant size and the rich tawny-red color of its hairs. As a burrowing species, it excavates deep shelters for dwelling and for staging ambushes on its prey. While its appearance may be intimidating, it poses little threat to humans; its bite, although painful, lacks medical severity.

Colombian Giant Tarantula

The Colombian Giant Tarantula, with a leg span extending to 8 inches, captivates with its vivid coloration. Originating from Colombia, this species has garnered admiration among tarantula enthusiasts for its striking beauty. It exhibits a preference for burrowing, opting to ambush prey from the safety of its burrow rather than engaging in active pursuit. Despite its formidable appearance, it represents minimal danger to humans, showing a tendency to retreat rather than confront when faced with a threat.

Singapore Blue

The Singapore Blue tarantula stands out for its striking blue hue and significant size, boasting a leg span of up to 9 inches. This arboreal species calls the lush rainforests of Singapore and Malaysia home, preferring the lofty canopies for its habitat. Characterized by its bold temperament and swift movements, it presents a considerable challenge to novice tarantula keepers. Despite, or perhaps because of, its demanding care requirements, the Singapore Blue’s captivating appearance and intriguing behaviors have rendered it a prized specimen within the exotic pet trade, attracting enthusiasts eager to add this vibrant creature to their collections.

European Cave Spider

The European Cave Spider, notable for its considerable leg span of up to 4 inches, thrives in the shadowy realms of caves and mines, where dampness prevails. This species is an adept architect, weaving expansive, complex orb webs to capture its prey, thus playing an essential role in regulating insect populations in these hidden ecosystems. Although it leads a concealed existence, the European Cave Spider significantly contributes to ecological equilibrium, showcasing the variety of life flourishing in darkness. Its presence highlights the importance of safeguarding even the most secluded natural habitats, ensuring the preservation of the delicate and diverse tapestry of life that dwells beneath the surface.

Brazilian Wandering Spider

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, infamous for its status as one of the most venomous spiders globally, can reach a leg span of up to 5 inches. These spiders exhibit high aggression levels and are characterized by their nocturnal “wandering” on the jungle floor in pursuit of prey, eschewing web construction. Their venom is laced with a potent neurotoxin, which has piqued the interest of medical and scientific communities. Despite their daunting reputation, human encounters with these spiders are comparatively uncommon. Their presence serves as a reminder of the complex interplay of fear, fascination, and the deep respect we owe to even the most perilous inhabitants of the natural world, underscoring the nuanced equilibrium that exists between humans and the myriad forms of life on Earth.

Greenbottle Blue Tarantula

The Greenbottle Blue Tarantula stands out for its remarkable blue legs and green carapace, earning it a spot as one of the most visually captivating spiders. Though its leg span of approximately 6 inches does not make it the largest, its vibrant colors place it among the most eye-catching. Originating from Venezuela, this species enjoys popularity in the pet trade, attributed to its striking looks and generally gentle demeanor. It excels as a web builder, crafting elaborate silk constructions that serve as effective traps for ensnaring prey.

Cerbalus Aravaensis

Cerbalus Aravaensis is distinguished as the largest spider in the Middle East, showcasing a leg span that can extend to 5.5 inches. Thriving in the Arava Valley’s sand dunes, this nocturnal predator is well-suited to the rigorous demands of desert life. Its considerable size and robust physique enable it to hunt insects, small lizards, and fellow spiders effectively. With a sandy hue that blends seamlessly into the desert environment, it exemplifies stealth in predation, lying in wait for unsuspecting prey.

Poecilotheria Rajaei

Poecilotheria Rajaei, a notably large tarantula hailing from Sri Lanka, impresses with a leg span that reaches up to 8 inches. This member of the “tiger spider” family is celebrated for its unique patterns and vivid colors. It makes its home within ancient trees, placing its natural habitat at risk due to deforestation. Beyond its remarkable size, this spider stands as a testament to the wonders of nature, playing a crucial role in the biodiversity and ecological equilibrium of its surroundings.

King Baboon Spider

The King Baboon Spider, originating from East Africa, can achieve a leg span of up to 8 inches. This species is distinguished by its densely hairy body and sizable, potent fangs, which are crucial for overpowering its prey. As a burrowing tarantula, it predominantly resides within the confines of its subterranean hideout. Known for its more aggressive nature compared to other tarantulas, it is less frequently chosen as a pet, reflecting its formidable demeanor and preference for solitude.

African Giant Black and White Tarantula

The African Giant Black and White Tarantula, scientifically recognized as Citharischius crawshayi, can boast a leg span of approximately 7.5 inches. Its notable black and white patterning renders it among the most visually unique tarantulas. Originating from the forests of Central Africa, this tarantula engages in burrowing behavior, often remaining concealed underground. Its impressive size and distinctive look make it a coveted specimen among collectors and arachnid enthusiasts, although its tendency towards defensiveness necessitates cautious handling.

Texas Brown Tarantula

The Texas Brown Tarantula, or Aphonopelma hentzi, is frequently encountered in the southern United States, standing as a prominent figure with a leg span extending to 6 inches. This positions it among the more sizable spider varieties native to North America. Preferring a terrestrial lifestyle, it typically inhabits open terrains, engaging in the hunt for small insects and arthropods. Its gentle demeanor has garnered favor among tarantula aficionados, earning it a reputation as a preferred pet for enthusiasts seeking to include a tarantula in their collection.

Ecuadorian Purple Tarantula

The Ecuadorian Purple Tarantula captivates with its vivid purple coloration, setting it apart in the tarantula world. With a leg span that can extend up to 6 inches, this species calls the rainforests of Ecuador home. As an arboreal tarantula, it opts for a life amidst the treetops, crafting silk hideaways from which it can spring upon its prey. The combination of its striking appearance and tree-dwelling habits renders it a prized specimen among spider aficionados and collectors, eager to add such a remarkable creature to their collections.

Yellow Blue Tarantula

The Yellow Blue Tarantula, distinguished by its distinctive color palette, can boast a leg span reaching up to 8 inches. This South American native dazzles with its vivid contrast between yellow and blue hues. It thrives in forest habitats, where it hunts insects and small creatures as its primary diet. This tarantula has become a coveted pet among enthusiasts who value its stunning appearance and possess the expertise to care for larger spider species.

Red Knee Tarantula

The Red Knee Tarantula stands out for its striking red knees set against a darkly hued body, making it a visually iconic species within the tarantula community. It reaches a leg span of approximately 5.5 inches and is among the most recognizable and frequently photographed of tarantulas. Originating from Mexico, this species adopts a burrowing lifestyle, creating and inhabiting underground tunnels. Its gentle temperament combined with its eye-catching appearance has endeared it to tarantula enthusiasts globally, securing its status as a beloved pet choice.

Ornamental Tree Spider

The Ornamental Tree Spider, or Poecilotheria metallica, captures attention with its remarkable metallic blue hue. Sporting a leg span that can reach 7 inches, it hails from India. As an arboreal creature, it is highly valued within the pet trade, not only for its striking beauty but also for its scarcity. Preferring the seclusion of tree hollows, it crafts silk hideaways where it can remain concealed and poised to ambush unsuspecting prey, showcasing a blend of natural beauty and predatory skill that fascinates enthusiasts and collectors alike.

Australian Funnel-Web Spider

The Australian Funnel-Web Spider holds a daunting reputation as one of the world’s most venomous spiders. This species can attain a size of up to 5 inches, characterized by a robust body and sizable fangs that can penetrate even through fingernails. Indigenous to Australia, it thrives in damp, cool settings, commonly inhabiting shaded gardens and wooded areas. Although its venom poses a significant threat, actual bite occurrences are infrequent, and an effective antivenom has been developed, mitigating the risk posed by this formidable arachnid.

Venezuelan Sun Tiger

The Venezuelan Sun Tiger tarantula, notable for its vivid orange and black patterning, is on the smaller side of tarantula species but no less striking. With a leg span that can extend to about 6 inches, it calls the forests of Venezuela its home. As an arboreal species, it resides in trees, weaving complex webs to ensnare its prey. The combination of its stunning appearance and proactive hunting tactics renders it an intriguing specimen for tarantula aficionados.

Brazilian Whiteknee Tarantula

The Brazilian Whiteknee Tarantula, distinguished by its striking black body adorned with white-striped legs, boasts a leg span that can span up to 8.5 inches. Originating from Brazil, this tarantula is celebrated for its bold pattern and considerable size. As a ground-dwelling species, it favors life within meticulously crafted burrows. Its popularity in the pet trade is largely due to its captivating appearance and generally mild temperament, making it a favored choice among enthusiasts seeking a visually impressive yet manageable tarantula.

Huntsman Spider

Huntsman Spiders distinguish themselves with their notable size and remarkable speed. Their leg span can surpass 12 inches, placing them among the world’s largest spiders. Inhabiting warm climates from Australia to Asia and Africa, they thrive in natural crevices and engage in nocturnal hunting, eschewing web construction for a more direct approach to capturing prey.

Brazilian Salmon Pink Birdeater

The Brazilian Salmon Pink Birdeater captivates onlookers with its vivid hue and formidable size. With a leg span reaching up to 10 inches, it ranks among the largest tarantulas. This species, originating from Brazil, is characterized by its unique salmon-pink hairs. Despite its daunting presence, it is typically regarded as gentle and docile in its interactions with humans.

Feather-Legged Orb Weaver

The Feather-Legged Orb Weaver captivates with its distinctive look, featuring fine, feather-like details on its legs that set it apart from other spiders. Though it might not rank as the largest spider by body size, it compensates with the creation of expansive and complex webs designed for ensnaring prey. Distributed across diverse global habitats, this spider displays a variety of colors and patterns, adding to its allure. Its webs are not just functional but also aesthetic wonders, strategically placed to capture the morning dew or sunlight, resulting in a mesmerizing display that highlights the intricate beauty and engineering prowess of nature.

Chaco Golden Knee

The Chaco Golden Knee, recognizable by the striking golden stripes adorning its knees, is capable of achieving a leg span of up to 8 inches. Originating from the grasslands of Argentina and Paraguay, this tarantula exhibits a propensity for burrowing. Its gentle nature has endeared it to tarantula enthusiasts, making it a favored option for those maintaining arachnid collections. Notably, the Chaco Golden Knee is celebrated for its potential for longevity, with some specimens living up to 20 years in captivity, illustrating both the resilience and the enduring appeal of this species among keepers.

Golden Silk Orb-Weaver

The Golden Silk Orb-Weaver is celebrated for its extraordinary web, distinguished by a golden luster that catches the sunlight. This spider, capable of a leg span up to 5 inches, thrives in warm climates globally. The durability and aesthetic appeal of its silk have spurred biomimetic studies aiming to replicate its properties for materials science advancements. The spider’s proficiency in weaving such remarkable structures stands as a tribute to nature’s evolutionary ingenuity, highlighting the complex and elegant adaptations creatures have evolved for endurance and success.

Carolina Wolf Spider

The Carolina Wolf Spider holds the title of being the largest wolf spider across North America, boasting a leg span that can extend to 4 inches. Renowned for its ground hunting tactics, this spider is celebrated for its remarkable speed and agility, opting to pursue its prey directly instead of relying on webs. Equipped with superior night vision, it adeptly hunts in the dark, utilizing its keen senses to track down prey. The Carolina Wolf Spider exemplifies the vital ecological role spiders play as natural pest controllers, showcasing the wide range of functions spiders fulfill and emphasizing their crucial contribution to ecological equilibrium across diverse environments.

In wrapping up our journey through the domain of the world’s most formidable spiders, we uncover a profound truth: their intrigue extends far beyond mere size. These arachnids are indispensable stewards of our ecosystems, acting as natural regulators of pest populations and vital links within the food web. Our expedition into the lives of these extraordinary spiders underscores the criticality of biodiversity and the urgent need to shield their environments from the ravages of deforestation and the impacts of climate change. A deeper understanding and respect for these remarkable creatures can dispel fears, cultivating a deeper appreciation for their essential role in maintaining ecological harmony. As we reflect on our discoveries, let’s carry forward the essential message of conservation and mutual existence that these spiders embody, reminding us of our interconnectedness with the vast tapestry of life that adorns our planet.

For the Latest Breaking Animal News, Headlines & Videos, head to Amazing Animals+

More for You

The Best Local Ice Cream Shop in Every State

Wyoming Governor Vetoes Concealed Carry Bill, Sparking Heated Debate

Watch: TXT performs 'Deja Vu' on 'Kelly Clarkson Show'

Oracle partners with Palantir to jointly sell cloud and AI services

Aoki Lee Simmons Stars in BCBG New York's Spring 2024 Collection Visuals [PHOTOS]

NATO's Most Game-Changing Weapons

5 Subs To Order At Subway And 5 You Might Want To Skip

I'm a trans man. We don't have a secret agenda – we're just asking you to let us live.

Why I'm so excited for the MG Cyberster (but wish they'd change the name)

5 Kawasaki Motorcycles That Are Cheap And Easy To Maintain

Fact Check: The Truth About Claims That Mark Wahlberg and Mel Gibson are Launching 'Non-Woke' Film Studio

FAA investigating possible close call between Southwest Airlines jet, air traffic control tower

We Tried And Ranked 17 Of The Best Frozen Pizzas And The Winner Had Us Shook

We Tried the Most Popular Beer Brands and Here’s What We Thought

New focused approach can help untangle messy quantum scrambling problems

Popular shoe brand files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy

Tel Aviv GPS Scrambled as Israel Awaits Iran Revenge Attack

Lin-Manuel Miranda, Hillary Clinton Host Joe Biden Broadway Fundraiser to Help "Save American Democracy"

13 Strict Rules Every Met Gala Guest Has To Follow

Netflix’s new most-watched film is really dividing critics on Rotten Tomatoes

Wellcome to SpiderZoon

• Spider Facts

Brazilian Wandering Spider: Size, Bite, Diet and Other Facts 

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is a venomous arachnid with a fearsome reputation. This South American rainforest dweller packs a powerful punch, but don’t let its nickname “banana spider” fool you – they’re active hunters, not web-spinners. Despite their size and venom, bites are uncommon as they’re typically shy.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider has garnered significant attention due to its potent venom, which makes it one of the world’s most venomous spiders. Understanding its biology and behavior is crucial for both scientific research and public safety.

Table of Contents

Scientific classification

The Brazilian Wandering Spider belongs to the family Ctenidae within the order Araneae. Its scientific classification is as follows:

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Arachnida
• Order: Araneae
• Family: Ctenidae
• Genus: Phoneutria

The Brazilian Wandering Spider goes by various common names, including “armed spider,” “banana spider,” and “wandering spider.” Synonyms for this species may include Ctenus , which was formerly used for some Phoneutria species.

Distribution and habitat

Distribution:

• South American:  Found throughout most of South America east of the Andes mountains, including countries like Brazil (their namesake), Argentina, Paraguay, and up into northern regions.
• Central American Touch:  A few species even reach southern Central America.
• Rainforest Dwellers:  Primarily found in the lush rainforests of South America.
• Not Picky Places:  They can also adapt to other habitats like the Atlantic Forest and even some urban areas.
• Daytime Hideouts:  While they wander at night, they seek shelter during the day in places like termite mounds, under rocks, or even (unintentionally) in bananas!

Physical Characteristics

 size and weight.

The Brazilian wandering spider is a creepy crawly giant. Their bodies can grow up to 2 inches (5 centimeters) long, but that’s not the scary part. Their legs can span a whopping 7 inches (18 cm), making them look even bigger. They are one of the biggest true spiders by body weight and size.

Despite their impressive leg span, Brazilian wandering spiders are relatively light. They only weigh around 6 grams, which is about the same as two pennies. While they might look imposing, they’re not the heaviest arachnids around.

Coloration and markings

These spiders exhibit a range of colors, including brown, black, and sometimes reddish hues. They often have distinctive markings on their bodies, which can vary between species. These markings may include stripes or patterns that serve as a key identification feature.

Notable features

One of the most notable features of the Brazilian Wandering Spider is its elongated, robust body and long, agile legs. They have sharp fangs, which they use to inject venom into their prey or in self-defense.

Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is evident in this species. Females are larger and bulkier than males, while males have longer, more slender legs. Additionally, males possess specialized structures known as pedipalps, which are used during mating.

In the following sections of this article, we will delve deeper into the behavior, venom, and ecological role of the Brazilian Wandering Spider, shedding light on why this species has both fascinated and instilled fear in those who encounter it.

 Behavior and Ecology

 Nocturnal habits

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are primarily nocturnal creatures. They are most active during the night, venturing out of their daytime hiding places to hunt for prey and engage in mating activities. Their nighttime activity allows them to avoid predators and reduce the risk of desiccation in the hot tropical sun.

Hunting and feeding behavior

These spiders are agile hunters and primarily feed on insects, small vertebrates, and other arachnids. They do not build webs to capture prey but instead rely on their excellent senses, including acute vision and touch, to locate and stalk their victims. They often wander in search of food and are known for their swift and lethal strikes. Once they subdue their prey, they inject venom to immobilize it before feeding.

Brazilian Wandering Spiders (Phoneutria) are active hunters and have distinctive feeding behaviors. Here’s an overview of their feeding habits:

• Active Predators: Brazilian Wandering Spiders are not web-builders like many other spider species. Instead, they are active predators. They actively roam their environment in search of prey rather than waiting for insects to stumble into a web.
• Hunting Strategy: When hunting, these spiders use their excellent senses, including acute vision and touch, to locate potential prey. They are known for their agility and speed, which they use to stalk and capture their victims. They have sharp fangs, which they use to deliver a venomous bite to immobilize their prey.
• Diet: Their diet consists primarily of insects and other arthropods, but they are opportunistic feeders and may consume a variety of small creatures, including small vertebrates such as frogs and lizards when the opportunity arises.
• Venom Use: Brazilian Wandering Spiders inject venom into their prey to immobilize and partially digest it. Their venom contains neurotoxins that affect the nervous system of their victims. Once the prey is incapacitated, the spider can feed on it at its leisure.
• Feeding Process: After subduing their prey with a venomous bite, the spider uses its chelicerae (fangs) to break down the prey’s tissues. The venom also helps in predigestion, turning the prey’s insides into a semi-liquid form that the spider can ingest. They can consume both the internal fluids and solid parts of their prey.
• Frequency of Feeding: The frequency of feeding can vary depending on factors such as the availability of prey and the spider’s size. Generally, they need to feed periodically to sustain their energy and growth. Spiderlings may require more frequent meals to support their rapid growth, while adults can go longer periods between meals.

Overall, the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s feeding strategy is well-suited for their active and wandering lifestyle, allowing them to efficiently capture and consume a variety of prey in their natural habitat.

Role in the ecosystem

The Brazilian Wandering Spider plays a vital role in controlling insect populations within its habitat. By preying on a variety of insects and other small creatures, they help maintain ecological balance. Additionally, their presence in the rainforest ecosystem contributes to the overall biodiversity and food web.

Mating and reproduction

Mating in Brazilian Wandering Spiders is a complex and potentially dangerous process. Male spiders must carefully approach and court a receptive female to avoid being mistaken for prey. They use specialized pedipalps to transfer sperm to the female’s reproductive organs. After successful mating, females lay egg sacs containing hundreds of eggs. They guard these sacs and ensure the survival of their offspring until they hatch.

 Lifespan and growth

The lifespan of Brazilian Wandering Spiders varies between males and females. Males generally have a shorter lifespan, typically living for a few months to a year after reaching maturity. Females, on the other hand, can live for several years. The growth of these spiders involves a series of molts, during which they shed their exoskeletons to accommodate their increasing size. Molting is a vulnerable period in their lives as their new exoskeleton is initially soft and requires time to harden.

Venom and Envenomation

Composition of venom.

The venom of Brazilian Wandering Spiders is a complex mixture of neurotoxins, cytotoxins, and other enzymes. One of the most significant components is a neurotoxin called PhTx3, which targets the nervous system of their prey.

Toxicity and effects on humans

The venom of these spiders is highly potent and can be lethal to their prey. In humans, envenomation can cause a range of symptoms, including intense pain, muscle cramps, fever, nausea, and in severe cases, paralysis and death. It’s important to note that while their venom is potent, actual fatalities from Brazilian Wandering Spider bites are rare due to the availability of medical treatment.

First aid and medical treatment

In the event of a Brazilian Wandering Spider bite, immediate medical attention is crucial. First aid measures may include cleaning the wound and applying ice to reduce pain and swelling. However, the primary treatment involves antivenom, which can counteract the effects of the spider’s venom.

Cases of envenomation and fatalities

Although fatalities from Brazilian Wandering Spider bites are uncommon, there have been documented cases of severe envenomation, especially in regions where medical treatment is not readily available. These spiders are generally non-aggressive and will bite humans only in self-defense when provoked, or if they feel cornered.

Understanding the behavior, ecology, and venomous nature of the Brazilian Wandering Spider is crucial for both scientific research and public awareness, helping to minimize the risk of envenomation and promote coexistence with this remarkable but potentially dangerous arachnid.

Brazilian wandering spider life cycle

The Brazilian wandering spider has a fascinating life cycle that revolves around hunting and motherhood. Here’s a breakdown:

• Egg Haven:  After mating, the female lays hundreds, sometimes even a thousand, eggs in a silken sac. This becomes their protected nursery.
• Tiny Terrors:  Hatching from the eggs emerge translucent spiderlings called larvae.
• Nymph Stage:  The larvae molt a few times, transforming into nymphs. Think of them as mini-adults but without the ability to reproduce yet.
• Shedding for Size:  As nymphs grow, they undergo multiple molts, shedding their outer shell to accommodate their larger bodies.
• Ready to Roam:  After the final molt, the spider emerges as a full-fledged adult, complete with reproductive organs. Now, they can join the wandering lifestyle and continue the cycle.

The life cycle begins when a female Brazilian Wandering Spider lays her eggs. She typically creates an egg sac made of silk and deposits it in a concealed location, such as a tree hollow or leaf litter. Inside the sac, she may lay hundreds of eggs. The female guards the egg sac and ensures its protection until the spiderlings hatch. The duration of the egg stage varies depending on environmental conditions but generally lasts for a few weeks.

Spiderling Stage

After the incubation period, spiderlings (young spiders) emerge from the egg sac. They are extremely vulnerable at this stage and rely on their mother’s protection and guidance. Spiderlings are miniature versions of adult spiders but lack the full coloration and size. They disperse from the nest once they have molted and are capable of hunting on their own. During this stage, they grow rapidly by molting, shedding their exoskeletons to accommodate their increasing size.

Juvenile Stage

As spiderlings continue to molt and grow, they progress into the juvenile stage. During this phase, their coloration becomes more distinct, and they start to develop the characteristic features of adult Brazilian Wandering Spiders. They become increasingly independent and begin to exhibit hunting behaviors. The duration of the juvenile stage can vary but often lasts several months.

Sub-Adult Stage

The sub-adult stage is an intermediate phase between juvenile and adult. At this point, the spiders are closer in size and appearance to adults but have not yet reached sexual maturity. They continue to molt, with the frequency of molting gradually decreasing as they approach adulthood. Sub-adult spiders may exhibit more territorial behaviors as they compete for resources and prepare for eventual mating.

Adult Stage

Upon reaching sexual maturity, Brazilian Wandering Spiders enter the adult stage. This is when they are fully developed and capable of reproduction. Females are larger and bulkier than males, and males possess specialized structures called pedipalps, which they use during mating. Adult spiders engage in mating activities, and females lay eggs to continue the life cycle. Adult Brazilian Wandering Spiders can live for several years, with females typically having longer lifespans than males.

Understanding the life cycle of these spiders is essential for studying their behavior, reproductive biology, and population dynamics. It also provides insights into their adaptation strategies in the complex ecosystems of South and Central America.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Bite

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are known for their potent venom and, occasionally, their bites on humans. While bites are relatively rare due to the spider’s non-aggressive nature, understanding the consequences of a bite is crucial for public safety.

Studying Brazilian Wandering Spider bites is of great interest for several reasons. It helps healthcare professionals provide appropriate medical treatment, raises awareness among communities in spider habitats, and contributes to our understanding of venomous arachnid envenomations.

The venom of Brazilian Wandering Spiders is a complex mixture of neurotoxins, cytotoxins, and enzymes. It contains various components, including PhTx3, which is a potent neurotoxin affecting the nervous system.

Brazilian Wandering Spider bites can have a range of effects on the human body, including intense pain, muscle cramps, fever, nausea, and in severe cases, paralysis. The severity of the symptoms depends on factors such as the amount of venom injected and the individual’s sensitivity to the venom. There are several types of spider bites .

Symptoms of a Brazilian Wandering Spider Bite

Local symptoms

• Intense pain
• Itching or burning sensation
• Formation of blisters or lesions

Systemic symptoms

• Muscle cramps and spasms
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Elevated heart rate
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Respiratory distress

Severity and variations

The severity of Brazilian Wandering Spider bite symptoms can vary widely. In some cases, symptoms may be mild and resolve on their own, while in severe envenomations, life-threatening complications can occur. Individual reactions to the venom can also vary, making it challenging to predict the exact outcome of a bite.

First Aid and Immediate Response

Steps to take after a bite

Immediate response to a Brazilian Wandering Spider bite should include:

• – Washing the bite area with soap and water.
• – Applying a clean, cool compress to reduce pain and swelling.
• – Immobilizing the affected limb or area.
• – Keeping the bite victim calm to prevent an elevated heart rate.

Do’s and don’ts in case of a bite

• – Seek medical attention promptly.
• – Take note of the spider’s appearance (if possible) to aid identification.
• – Keep the bite victim still and calm to reduce the spread of venom.
• – Do not try to suck out venom or make incisions at the bite site.
• – Avoid applying tourniquets.
• – Don’t use ice directly on the skin as it can worsen tissue damage.

Seeking medical attention

Medical attention is essential after a Brazilian Wandering Spider bite, even if symptoms appear mild initially. Antivenom is available and can be administered to counteract the effects of the venom. Medical professionals can also manage symptoms and monitor for potential complications.

Complications and Long-Term Effects

Potential complications

Complications from Brazilian Wandering Spider bites can include:

• – Severe muscle spasms
• – Respiratory distress
• – Cardiovascular issues
• – Kidney failure (rare)
• – Allergic reactions to antivenom

Long-term consequences

Long-term consequences of a bite can vary depending on the severity and medical treatment received. Some individuals may experience lingering pain, muscle weakness, or psychological trauma following a severe envenomation.

Recovery and rehabilitation

Recovery from a Brazilian Wandering Spider bite typically involves medical treatment, rehabilitation for muscle and nerve damage, and psychological support for individuals affected by the experience. Rehabilitation may include physical therapy to regain muscle strength and function. Prompt medical attention and appropriate care are crucial for minimizing long-term effects and complications.

Facts of Brazilian Wanding Spider

Here are 10 creepy crawly facts about the Brazilian Wandering Spider:

• Big and Hairy:  These spiders are giants! Their bodies can grow up to 2 inches (5 centimeters) long, with a leg span of up to 7 inches (18 cm). They are covered in hairs, making them appear even bigger.
• Wanderlust:  They are aptly named – Brazilian wandering spiders don’t spin webs. Instead, they wander the forest floor at night in search of prey.
• Venomous Bite:  Their venom is considered one of the most potent among spiders. A bite can cause severe pain, swelling, sweating, nausea, and even priapism in males. Thankfully, bites are rare as they are typically shy and defensive.
• Not So Fond of Bananas:  While sometimes called ‘banana spiders,’ they are not typically found in bananas. They might, however, take shelter in them during transport, which is how they might end up in a faraway land.
• Rainforest Resident:  These spiders are native to the rainforests of South America, particularly in Brazil.
• Fearsome Feasters:  They’re active hunters and will eat almost anything they can overpower, including insects, lizards, frogs, and even small rodents.
• Mom’s the Word:  Female Brazilian wandering spiders are dedicated mothers. They lay hundreds of eggs in a silken sac and fiercely guard them until they hatch.
• Multiple Molts:  Like all spiders, Brazilian wandering spiders grow through molting. They shed their exoskeleton multiple times as they grow into adults.
• Mating Dance:  Male Brazilian wandering spiders perform a elaborate mating dance to attract a female.
• Medicinal Potential:  Despite their scary reputation, the venom of the Brazilian wandering spider is being studied for its potential use in treating erectile dysfunction.

What happens if a Brazilian Wandering Spider bites a man?

A Brazilian Wandering Spider bite on a man can cause a range of symptoms, some severe:

• Pain:  The bite is known for causing intense, localized pain at the site.
• Autonomic effects:  Sweating, nausea, and increased heart rate are common.
• Priapism:  In some cases, males may experience a prolonged and painful erection (priapism). This is due to a component in the venom.
• Muscle paralysis:  Severe bites can lead to muscle paralysis, which can affect breathing in rare cases.

However, it’s important to remember:

• Bites are uncommon as these spiders are typically shy and defensive.
• Antivenom is available and effective in treating bites.

If bitten, seek medical attention immediately. Early treatment can help prevent complications and ensure a full recovery.

How poisonous is a Brazilian Wandering Spider?

Brazilian Wandering Spider packs a nasty venomous punch, considered one of the strongest among spiders. Bites are rare though, as they’re shy and prefer to escape trouble.

What is the world’s deadliest spider?

The term “deadliest” can be subjective and depends on how one defines it (e.g., based on venom potency or human fatalities). However, the Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria) is often considered one of the most venomous spiders in the world. Another spider often mentioned in discussions of venom toxicity is the Sydney Funnel-web Spider (Atrax robustus and Atrax formosus), found in Australia. These spiders are known for their potent venom and have caused fatalities in the past.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Related Article

Can a Daddy Long Legs Bite Kill You (You Need to Know)

7 Facts About The Brazilian Wandering Spider

Are Wolf Spiders Poisonous for Humans, Cats or Dogs? (Explained)

When To Worry About A Spider Bite? (Need to Know)

The World’s Most Venomous Spider: The Brazilian Wandering Spider

Published: August 10, 2023

• Facebook 19

Few things fear people’s hearts, like the mention of venomous spiders. According to the Guinness World Records , venomous spiders are some of the most dangerous creatures on Earth, and the Brazilian Wandering Spider is the world’s most venomous spider. This elusive arachnid is found in the rainforests of South America, more specifically in Brazil, Argentina, and French Guiana. ‘

It is considered one of Brazil’s most significant public health threats, with a potent venom capable of causing extreme pain, paralysis, and even death. Despite its fearsome reputation, however, the Brazilian Wandering Spider is a fascinating and unique creature with many incredible features that make it stand out from other spiders.

Jump ahead to any section below!

Brazilian Wandering Spider’s Habitat And Range

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is found in the rainforests of South America. These rainforests are the world’s largest and most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystems, covering an area of approximately 6.7 million square kilometers. This equates to roughly 40% of the total area of South America and spans nine countries, including Brazil, Peru, and Colombia.

The Amazon rainforest, the most extensive rainforest on Earth, plays an essential role in the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s habitat and range. The spider relies heavily on the dense canopy of trees in these rainforests for shelter and protection. The Amazon rainforest also provides the spider with an abundant prey source, including insects, small mammals, and other spiders.

The South American rainforests are characterized by their warm and humid climate, which creates the ideal conditions for the Brazilian Wandering Spider to thrive. These ecosystems also have a high rainfall throughout the year, which sustains the dense vegetation and creates an ideal environment for spiders to hunt and reproduce.

Check out: Uncovering The Enigma Of The Greenland Shark .

Specific Locations The Brazilian Wandering Spider Is found

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is most commonly found in Brazil. It can also be found in other parts of South America, such as Argentina and French Guiana. In Brazil, the spider can be found in various regions. This includes the Amazon rainforest, the Atlantic forest, and the Caatinga ecosystem.

The Atlantic forest, a tropical forest that spans the Brazilian coast, is also an important habitat for the Brazilian Wandering Spider. This ecosystem is under threat due to deforestation and urbanization. This has resulted in the loss of the spider’s natural habitat.

In French Guiana, the spider is present in the Guiana Amazonian Park, a protected area of the Amazon rainforest managed by the French government. The Guiana Amazonian Park is home to an array of biodiversity, including monkeys, jaguars, and over 400 species of birds. This makes it an important region for the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s survival.

Brazilian Wandering Spider’s Characteristics

It is a remarkable arachnid species found in the rainforests of South America. It has numerous unique characteristics from other spiders. The Spider is large and intimidating, measuring up to 10 inches (25 cm) in leg span. Its body size ranges from 0.98 to 1.77 inches (2.5 to 4.5 cm) in length. This makes it one of the biggest spider species in the world. It has eight long and hairy legs, which help it move quickly and climb trees effortlessly.

The spider is striking, with a shiny brown or black body covered in short fine hairs. Its legs are also covered in fine hairs with dark stripes or spots. These markings have a unique pattern that helps to identify the spider from other species. Unlike most spiders, the Brazilian Wandering Spider doesn’t have a distinct web-spinning organ. But instead moves around the forest floor and trees in search of its prey.

Behavioral Patterns

They are aptly named because they are known to wander about and can cover a great distance while searching for food and mates. It’s primarily active at night and is a solitary hunter that preys on insects, spiders, rodents, and even small snakes. It has a unique hunting technique where it grabs its prey with its front legs and sinks fangs into it, injecting a potent venom that can quickly immobilize and kill its victim. Interestingly, this spider can adjust the amount of venom it injects to fit the size and the species of its prey, a skill unique to this spider species.

During the mating season, the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s behavior changes drastically. The males will approach females cautiously, tapping on the female’s web to signal their interest. They then perform a complex courtship display that involves waving their front legs, drumming their pedipalps, and vibrating on webs. The more intricate the display, the higher the chances of mating with the female.

Brazilian Wandering Spider’s Venom

The venom of the Brazilian Wandering Spider is considered one of the deadliest in the world. The potency of the venom is due to the presence of a potent neurotoxin called PhTx3. This toxin is responsible for the spider’s ability to paralyze its prey and defend itself from predators.

In scientific studies, the venom of the Brazilian Wandering Spider has proven to be significantly more toxic than other venomous spiders, such as the Black Widow and the Brown Recluse. The effectiveness of this venom is a result of its unique chemical structure, which allows it to attack the nervous system of its victim and cause significant damage.

Check out: Bengal Tiger Vs. Western Diamondback Rattlesnake .

Effects Of Venom On Humans And Animals

The effects of the venom of the Brazilian Wandering Spider can be devastating. When bitten, victims may experience severe pain, muscle spasms, and even paralysis. In extreme cases, the venom can cause respiratory failure, resulting in death.

While the venom initially causes pain and discomfort, it can lead to severe, long-lasting symptoms. In addition to causing physical harm, the venom can also have psychological effects, leading to anxiety, panic attacks, and even PTSD.

Animals are also susceptible to the venom of the Brazilian Wandering Spider . Small animals, such as mice and birds, are often preyed upon by the spider, while larger animals, such as dogs and cats, can be bitten accidentally.

Public Health Threat And Prevention

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is a significant public health threat in Brazil, with hundreds of bites reported yearly. The spider has a wide distribution throughout the country, and its venom is particularly toxic, making it a serious risk to human health.

Also, the spider is especially dangerous because it is highly aggressive and can be found in homes, gardens, and public spaces. This means that anyone can encounter the spider, regardless of location or occupation, making it difficult to prevent bites.

Measures Taken To Prevent Bites And Treat Victims

To prevent bites from the Brazilian Wandering Spider, it is essential to take steps to reduce the risk of encountering the spider. This may include keeping homes and gardens free of clutter and debris, sealing windows and doors, and avoiding areas where the spider is known to live.

In the case of a bite, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. While no anti-venom is available, medical professionals can offer supportive care to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

Frequently Asked Questions

The Brazilian Wandering Spider’s venom contains a potent neurotoxin called PhTx3, which can cause extreme pain, muscle spasms, and paralysis in humans. This venom is 20 times more deadly than a rattlesnake’s and can cause respiratory failure in victims.

It is primarily found in South and Central America, especially in the Amazon rainforest. They hide in dark, moist environments such as piles of leaves, tree trunks, and burrows.

To avoid contact with the Brazilian Wandering Spider, it is important to inspect your surroundings, especially before putting on shoes or reaching into piles of debris. It is advisable to wear gloves and long sleeves when working outdoors or in areas where these spiders may be present. If you suspect a Brazilian Wandering Spider has bitten you, seek medical attention immediately.

Overall, the Brazilian Wandering Spider is a fascinating and deadly spider that deserves respect and caution. Though its venom is incredibly potent, the spider itself is a remarkable creature. Its ability to move quickly and seamlessly across the ground makes it a formidable predator in its native habitats. 

Despite its fearsome reputation, we must learn to coexist with this remarkable arachnid, preserving its unique place in the natural world. Given the immense diversity and beauty of our planet’s biodiversity, the Brazilian Wandering Spider reminds us that we still have much to learn about the remarkable creatures that share our planet.

thanks for reading along! See below for related article links.

• Basking Shark
• Whale Sharks
• Tiger Shark Encounters
• The Great White Shark: Apex Predator of the Ocean
• Gorilla And Anaconda In Focus
• The English Bulldog
• Largest Asian Elephant
• The Largest Gorilla Ever Recorded
• Latest Posts

• Watch A Moose Ringing A Doorbell In Alaska - April 4, 2024
• Watch: Killer Whale Spotted in False Bay - April 4, 2024
• Watch-Viral-Encounter: Komodo Dragon Fights Crocodile to Defend Territory - April 3, 2024

• ​Chinese sci-fi moguls, 'The Wandering Earth II' receive Hugo Award noms

Several Chinese sci-fi writers as well as China's sci-fi blockbuster "The Wandering Earth II" are among the recently unveiled nominees for this year's Hugo Awards, which will be given during the 82nd World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon). The convention will be held in August in Glasgow, Scotland, the United Kingdom, with the awards being given on Aug. 11. The Hugo Award is the world's highest accolade for science fiction literature.

Cover artwork for the Chinese and English editions of "Adventures in Space: Short Stories by Chinese and English Science Fiction Writers," a joint Chinese-English translation sci-fi anthology project by Yao Haijun, deputy editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World, and Patrick Parrinder, president of the H.G. Wells Society. This project's included writers received several Hugo Award nominations. [Image courtesy of People's Literature Publishing House and Flame Tree Press]

China's sci-fi titan He Xi's "Life Does Not Allow Us to Meet" and fellow luminary Wang Jinkang's "Seeds of Mercury" are among the nominations for best novella at this year's Hugo Awards. Another prominent figure, Han Song's "Answerless Journey," received a nomination for best short story. These three Chinese literary masters, along with mogul Liu Cixin, are commonly known in China as the "Four Heavenly Kings of Chinese Science Fiction." Although these nominated works are not new works by the authors, they are fresh to international readers, last year being translated by Alex Woodend for inclusion in the book "Adventures in Space: New Short Stories by Chinese & English Science Fiction Writers."

"It's another milestone for Chinese sci-fi development as so many Chinese writers and professionals have received Hugo Awards nominations, regardless of how many nominees eventually win awards. Congratulations!" Wang Jinkang said. Meanwhile, Han Song wrote on his microblog that he was surprised to see so many Chinese names on this year's nomination list as well as expressing his eagerness for the U.K. trip. The U.K. is widely considered the birthplace of sci-fi and has produced many celebrated names in the sci-fi and fantasy genres, including Arthur Charles Clarke, Sir Terry Pratchett and J.R.R. Tolkien.

Another noteworthy entry, Frant Gwo's "The Wandering Earth II," based on a novelette by Liu Cixin is nominated for best dramatic presentation, long form category. It will compete against "Barbie," "Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves," "Nimona," "Poor Things" and "Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse." "The Wandering Earth II" grossed more than 4.03 billion yuan ($558 million) after its release in China's box offices last January, making it a highly esteemed film in Chinese sci-fi cinema. 

Besides "The Wandering Earth II," Liu Cixin also has another critically acclaimed work nominated: "The Three-Body Problem, Part One," the comic book adaptation of his Hugo Award-winning novel. The comic book, written by Cai Jin, Ge Wendi and Bo Mu, with artwork done by Caojijiuridong, is nominated for best graphic story or comic.

A new poster for "The Wandering Earth II" has been released in response to its Hugo Award nomination. [Photo courtesy of G!Film Studio]

Other Chinese nominations include Gu Shi's "Introduction to 2181 Overture, Second Edition" for best novelette, Baoshu's "Tasting the Future Delicacy Three Times" for best short story and Yang Feng's sci-fi historic documentary tomes "Chinese Science Fiction: An Oral History, Vols 2 and 3" for best related work. Tina Wong's interview series with sci-fi figures, "Discover X," has also been nominated for best related work. Additionally, Yang Feng and Liu Weijia are among the nominees in the best editor short form category while China's sci-fi mogul, publisher and editor Yao Haijun is nominee for the best editor long form category. Vloggers Buma, Liu Lu and Liu Chang have all received nominations for best fancast for their program "Science Fiction Fans Buma."

A total of 1,720 valid nominating ballots were received and counted from members of the 2023 and 2024 World Science Fiction Conventions for the 2024 Hugo Awards. Final voting will open in April 2024, according to the Hugo Awards' official site. 

Some Chinese nominees who received enough votes to qualify for the final ballot declined the nominations. The most surprising is Hai Ya not accepting a nomination in the best novelette category for his work "The Far North." Hai Ya's work "The Space-Time Painter" won the award for best novelette at the 2023 Hugo Awards that were held in Chengdu. He told China.org.cn, "The memories left in Chengdu from last year are already wonderful enough. This year, I think outstanding predecessors like He Xi and Wang Jinkang are more deserving of the nomination. I am very pleased that their classic works have been translated into English and published, allowing more overseas readers to understand the elegance of Chinese sci-fi."

Go to Forum >> 0 Comment(s)

Add your comments....

• User Name Required
• Your Comment
• Several Chinese sci-fi writers along with China's sci-fi blockbuster "The Wandering Earth II" are among the nominees for this year's Hugo Awards, which will be presented this summer in Glasgow, the U.K. during the 82nd World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon).

Advertisement

Supported by

A Bronx Teacher Asked. Tommy Orange Answered.

When the author received an impassioned email, he dropped everything to visit the students who inspired it.

• Share full article

By Elisabeth Egan

Elisabeth Egan is still in touch with her high school English teachers.

Tommy Orange sat at the front of a classroom in the Bronx, listening as a group of high school students discussed his novel “There There.”

Listen to this article with reporter commentary

Open this article in the New York Times Audio app on iOS.

A boy wearing blue glasses raised his hand. “All the characters have some form of disconnection, even trauma,” Michael Almanzar, 19, said. “That’s the world we live in. That’s all around us. It’s not like it’s in some faraway land. That’s literally your next-door neighbor.”

The class broke into a round of finger snaps , as if we were at an old-school poetry slam on the Lower East Side and not in an English class at Millennium Art Academy, on the corner of Lafayette and Pugsley Avenues.

Orange took it all in with a mixture of gratitude and humility — the semicircle of earnest, engaged teenagers; the bulletin board decorated with words describing “There There” (“hope,” “struggle,” “mourning,” “discovery”); the shelf of well-thumbed copies wearing dust jackets in various stages of disintegration.

His eyebrows shot up when a student wearing a sweatshirt that said “I Am My Ancestors’ Wildest Dreams” compared the book to “ The Road ,” by Cormac McCarthy . When three consecutive students spoke about how they related to Orange’s work because of their own mental health struggles, he was on the verge of tears.

“That’s what drew me to reading in the first place,” Orange said, “The feeling of not being as alone as you thought you were.”

It’s not often that an author walks into a room full of readers, let alone teenagers, who talk about characters born in his imagination as if they’re living, breathing human beings. And it’s equally rare for students to spend time with an author whose fictional world feels like a refuge. Of all the classroom visits he’s made since “There There” came out in 2018, the one at Millennium Art Academy earlier this month was, Orange said later, “the most intense connection I’ve ever experienced.”

The catalyst for the visit was Rick Ouimet, an energetic, pony-tailed English teacher who has worked in the fortresslike building for 25 years. Ouimet is the kind of teacher students remember, whether it’s for his contributions to their literary vocabulary — synecdoche, bildungsroman, chiasmus — or for his battered flip phone.

He first learned about “There There” from a colleague whose son recommended it during the pandemic. “I knew from the first paragraph that this was a book our kids were going to connect to,” he said.

The novel follows 12 characters from Native communities in the lead-up to a powwow at a stadium in Oakland, Calif., where tragedy strikes. “Orange leads you across the drawbridge, and then the span starts going up,” a critic with The New York Times, Dwight Garner, wrote when it came out. The novel was one of The Times’s 10 Best Books of 2018 and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. According to Orange’s publisher, over one million copies have been sold.

Ouimet’s hunch proved true: “Students love the book so much, they don’t realize they’re reading it for English class. That’s the rare find, the gift of gifts.”

Some relevant statistics: Attendance rates at Millennium Art are below the city average. Eighty-seven percent of students are from low-income households, which is above the city average.

In the three years since Orange’s novel became a mainstay of the Millennium Art curriculum, pass rates for students taking the Advanced Placement literature exam have more than doubled. Last year, 21 out of 26 students earned college credit, surpassing state and global averages. The majority of them, said Ouimet, wrote about “There There.”

When three students in the school’s art-bedecked hallway were randomly asked to name a favorite character from “There There,” they all answered without hesitation. It was as if Tony, Jacquie and Opal were people they might bump into at ShopRite.

Briana Reyes, 17, said, “I connected so much with the characters, especially having family members with alcohol and drug abuse.”

Last month, Ouimet learned that Orange, who lives in Oakland, was going to be in New York promoting his second novel, “ Wandering Stars .” An idea started to percolate. Ouimet had never invited an author to his classroom before; such visits can be pricey and, as he pointed out, Shakespeare and Zora Neale Hurston aren’t available.

Ouimet composed a message in his head for over a week, he said, and on Monday, March 4, just after midnight, he fired it off to the Penguin Random House Speakers Bureau.

“The email felt like a raw rough draft, but I didn’t agonize,” he said. “It was my midlife college essay.”

The 827-word missive was written in the go-for-broke style Ouimet encourages in his students’ work, full of personality, texture and detail, without the corporate-speak that infiltrates so much Important Professional Correspondence.

Ouimet wrote: “In our 12th-grade English classroom, in our diverse corner of the South Bronx, in an under-resourced but vibrant urban neighborhood not unlike the Fruitvale, you’re our rock star. Our more than rock star. You’re our MF Doom, our Eminem, our Earl Sweatshirt, our Tribe Called Red, our Beethoven, our Bobby Big Medicine, our email to Manny, our ethnically ambiguous woman in the next stall, our camera pointing into a tunnel of darkness.”

Orange, he added, was a hero to these kids: “You’ve changed lives.” There was Tahqari Koonce, 17, who drew a parallel between the Oakland Coliseum and the Roman Colosseum; and Natalia Melendez, also 17, who noted that a white gun symbolized oppression of Native tribes. And then there was Dalvyn Urena, 18, who “said he’d never read an entire book until ‘There There,’” and was now comparing it to a Shakespearean sonnet.

He ended with: “Well, it was worth a shot. Thanks for taking the time to read this — if it ever finds its way to you. In appreciation (and awe), Rick Ouimet.”

“I took a chance,” Ouimet said. And why not? “My students take a chance every time they open a new book. There’s groaning, and they open the page. To see what they gave this book? The love was palpable.”

Within hours, the message reached Orange, who was in the midst of a 24-city tour with multiple interviews and events each day. He asked Jordan Rodman, senior director of publicity at Knopf, to do whatever she could to squeeze Ouimet’s class into the mix. There would be no fee attached. Knopf donated 30 copies of “There There” and 30 copies of “Wandering Stars.”

In a big, bustling school full of squeaky soles, walkie-talkies and young people, moments of silence can be hard to come by. But when Orange cracked open his new novel, you could hear a pin drop.

“It’s important to voice things, to sound them out, like the way we learn to spell by slowly saying words,” Orange read.

He went on: “It’s just as important for you to hear yourself speak your stories as it is for others to hear you speak them.”

The students followed along in their own copies, heads bent, necks looking vulnerable and strong at the same time. Their intentness proved that, like the spiders described in “There There,” books contain “miles of story, miles of potential home and trap.” On this nondescript gray Thursday, Orange’s work offered both.

After the 13-minute reading came the questions, fast and furious, delivered with refreshing bluntness: “What even inspired you to write these two books?” and “Did Octavio die?” and, perhaps most pressing, “Why did ‘There There’ end that way?” Not since “ The Sopranos ” has an ambiguous denouement caused more consternation.

“We were like whaaaat ?” a student said, holding the last word in a high note.

“It was a tragic story,” Orange said. “Some people hate it, and I’m sorry.”

He admitted that he hadn’t been a reader in high school: “Nobody handed me a book and said, This book is for you. I also had a lot going on at home.” He talked about how he staves off writer’s block (by changing points of view), how he reads his drafts aloud to hear how they sound. Orange shared his Cheyenne name — Birds Singing in the Morning — and introduced a childhood friend who is traveling with him on tour.

Through it all, Ouimet stood quietly at the side of the room. He shot gentle stink eye at a gaggle of chatty girls. He used a long wooden pole to open a window. Mostly, he just beamed like a proud parent at a wedding where everyone is dancing.

The truth is, “There There” didn’t cast a spell only on his students: It also had a profound effect on Ouimet himself. When he started teaching the book, he’d just given up coaching soccer and softball after 22 years.

“I was afraid: If I don’t have coaching, am I still going to be an effective teacher? ‘There There’ was this kind of renaissance. I don’t want to get too sappy,” he said, “but it was a career-saver in some way.”

Eventually the bell sounded. The students pushed back from their desks and lined up to have their books signed by Orange, who took a moment to chat with each one.

Over the din, to anyone who was still listening, Ouimet called: “If you love a book, talk about it! If you love a story, let other people know!”

Audio produced by Tally Abecassis .

Elisabeth Egan is a writer and editor at the Times Book Review. She has worked in the world of publishing for 30 years. More about Elisabeth Egan

Explore More in Books

Want to know about the best books to read and the latest news start here..

James McBride’s novel sold a million copies, and he isn’t sure how he feels about that, as he considers the critical and commercial success  of “The Heaven & Earth Grocery Store.”

How did gender become a scary word? Judith Butler, the theorist who got us talking about the subject , has answers.

You never know what’s going to go wrong in these graphic novels, where Circus tigers, giant spiders, shifting borders and motherhood all threaten to end life as we know it .

When the author Tommy Orange received an impassioned email from a teacher in the Bronx, he dropped everything to visit the students  who inspired it.

Do you want to be a better reader?   Here’s some helpful advice to show you how to get the most out of your literary endeavor .

Each week, top authors and critics join the Book Review’s podcast to talk about the latest news in the literary world. Listen here .