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Fachada do edifício sede da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa).

Know the rules for the entry of travelers into Brazil

Document was published in the official gazette on saturday.

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Published on 29/11/2021 - 15:34 By Agência Brasil - Brasília

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brazil travel cdc

Restrictions

Temporary flights to Brazil that originate in or pass through the following countries are prohibited: Republic of South Africa; Republic of Botswana; Kingdom of Essuatini; Kingdom of Lesotho; Republic of Namibia and Republic of Zimbabwe.

It is also temporarily suspended the authorization for foreign travelers to travel to Brazil, traveling or traveling in these countries in the last 14 days before embarking.

Entrance of Brazilians

The rules, according to Anvisa, do not restrict the entry of Brazilians, of any nature or origin. "Brazilians are not restricted from accessing the country", reinforced the agency, in a statement.

At the moment, Brazilians who have been to one of the six countries listed must complete a 14-day quarantine in their final destination city in Brazil.

It is also necessary to complete the Traveler's Health Declaration within 24 hours prior to departure to Brazil.

Travelers must also present a non-detectable (negative) RT-PCR test, performed within the last 72 hours before boarding, or a negative antigen-type test, performed within 24 hours before boarding.

Children under 12 years of age traveling with an escort do not need to present the exam, as long as all accompanying persons present documents with a negative or non-detectable result.

According to Anvisa, foreigners who have not passed through the six countries on the restriction list can enter Brazil as long as they meet the same determinations valid for Brazilian travelers.

The entry of foreign nationals traveling or with a ticket is suspended, in the last 14 days before boarding, in any of the six countries listed, with the exception of foreigners who meet one of the following criteria: foreigners with permanent residence, for a fixed or indefinite period, in Brazilian territory; foreign professional on a mission at the service of an international organization, as long as identified; foreign official accredited to the Brazilian government; foreigner who is a spouse, partner, child, parent or guardian of a Brazilian; whose entry is specifically authorized by the Brazilian government in view of the public interest or for humanitarian reasons; and holder of the National Migration Registry.

flight arrivals

Flights to Brazil that originate or pass through the Republic of South Africa, Republic of Botswana, Kingdom of Essuatini, Kingdom of Lesotho, Republic of Namibia and Republic of Zimbabwe are prohibited.

The restriction does not apply to the operation of cargo flights, handled by workers dressed in personal protective equipment (PPE), whose crew must observe the sanitary protocols specified in the Civil House ordinance.

Cruise ship travel, according to Anvisa, remains authorized, and compliance with the protocol established by Anvisa is mandatory.

Only ships that sail exclusively in Brazilian waters during the cruise season are authorized.

cargo ships

The operation of cargo ships is also authorized. Vessels, according to the agency, must follow strict protocols, which provide for examinations for the embarkation and disembarkation of crew members and quarantine in the event of a suspected or confirmed case on board.

land access

Anvisa highlights that the entry into the country of foreigners of any nationality by highways or any other land means remains prohibited.

Exceptions provided for in the ordinance include, for example, freight transport and transit between twin cities (municipalities that are crossed by the border, drought or river).

Text translated using artificial intelligence.

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Brazil: Cerrado biome experiences 19% increase in deforestation alerts

Legislation determines that 80% of native vegetation must be preserved on private properties in the Amazon, while in the Cerrado, the requirement is only 20%.

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Brazil Travel Advisory

Travel advisory october 19, 2023, brazil - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Reissued with updates to Country Summary.

Exercise increased caution in Brazil due to  crime . Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory.

Do not travel to:

  • Any areas within 150 km/100 miles of Brazil’s land borders with Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Paraguay due to  crime . (Note: This does not apply to the Foz do Iguacu National Park or Pantanal National Park.)
  • Informal housing developments (commonly referred to in Brazil as favelas, vilas, comunidades, and/or conglomerados) at any time of day due to  crime  (see additional information below).
  • Brasilia’s administrative regions (commonly known as “satellite cities”) of Ceilandia, Santa Maria, Sao Sebastiao, and Paranoa during non-daylight hours due to  crime  (see additional information below).

Country Summary:   Violent crime, such as murder, armed robbery, and carjacking, is common in urban areas, day and night. Gang activity and organized crime is widespread. Assaults, including with sedatives and drugs placed in drinks, are common. U.S. government personnel are discouraged from using municipal buses in all parts of Brazil due to an elevated risk of robbery and assault at any time of day, and especially at night.

If you decide to travel to Brazil: 

  • Be aware of your surroundings.
  • Do not physically resist any robbery attempt.
  • Do not accept food or drinks from strangers.
  • Use caution when walking or driving at night.
  • Avoid going to bars or nightclubs alone.
  • Avoid walking on beaches after dark.
  • Do not display signs of wealth, such as wearing expensive watches or jewelry.
  • Be extra vigilant when visiting banks or ATMs.
  • Use caution at, or going to, major transportation centers or on public transportation, especially at night. Passengers face an elevated risk of robbery or assault using public, municipal bus transportation throughout Brazil.
  • Use increased caution when hiking in isolated areas.
  • Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
  • Follow the Department of State on Facebook and Twitter .
  • Review the Country Security Report for Brazil.
  • Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the Traveler’s Checklist .
  • Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information related to your travel.

International Borders – Level 4: Do Not Travel

U.S. government personnel are not permitted to travel to areas within 150 km/100 miles of the international land borders with Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Paraguay without advance approval from security officials due to crime. Travel to the Foz do Iguacu National Park and Pantanal National Park is permitted.

Visit our website for Travel to High-Risk Areas .

Informal Housing Developments (commonly known as “Favelas”) – Level 4: Do Not Travel

Do not travel to informal housing developments (commonly referred to in Brazil as favelas, vilas, comunidades, and/or conglomerados), even on a guided tour.  Neither the tour companies nor the police can guarantee your safety when entering these communities.  Even in these communities that the police or local governments deem safe, the situation can change quickly and without notice.  While some informal housing developments have clear boundaries or gates, or even names such as “favela”, “vila”, “comunidade”, or “conglomerado”, other such developments may be less obvious, and may be identified by crowded quarters, poorer conditions, and/or irregular construction.  In addition, exercise caution in areas surrounding these communities, as occasionally, inter-gang fighting and confrontations with police move beyond the confines of these communities.  Except under limited circumstances and with advance approval, U.S. government personnel are not permitted to enter any informal housing developments in Brazil. Read the Safety and Security Section on the  country information page  and consult the maps on the Embassy’s website for further information regarding favelas.

Visit our website for Travel High-Risk Areas .

Brasilia’s Administrative Regions (commonly known as “Satellite Cities”) – Level 4: Do Not Travel

Without advance approval from security officials, U.S. government personnel are not permitted to travel to Brasilia’s Administrative Regions of Ceilandia, Santa Maria, Sao Sebastiao, and Paranoa between the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. (non-daylight hours) due to crime.

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Brazil Travel Requirements & Vaccinations

Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world and the third largest in the Americas. Because of its vast expanse and varied topography – including hills, mountains and plains — the climate is widely varied but most of the country is categorized as either tropical or subtropical. Portuguese is the official language of Brazil.

Brazil offers tourists a wide range of attractions and geographical variety, including:

  • The Amazon Rainforest and River Basin
  • Diverse wildlife
  • Picturesque beaches and dunes
  • Cultural attractions

Recommended Vaccinations for Brazil Travel

  • Hepatitis A
  • Yellow Fever

*Rabies vaccination is typically only recommended for very high risk travelers given that it is completely preventable if medical attention is received within 7 – 10 days of an animal bite.

Travelers may also be advised to ensure they have received the routine vaccinations listed below. Some adults may need to receive a booster for some of these diseases:

  • Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)
  • Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis)

Older adults or those with certain medical conditions may also want to ask about being vaccinated for shingles and/or pneumonia.

This information is not intended to replace the advice of a travel medicine professional. Not all of the vaccines listed here will be necessary for every individual.

Talk to the experts at UH Roe Green Center for Travel Medicine & Global Health to determine how each member of your family can obtain maximum protection against illness, disease and injury while traveling, based on age, health, medical history and travel itinerary.

Fatal Yellow Fever in Travelers to Brazil, 2018

Weekly / March 23, 2018 / 67(11);340–341

On March 16, 2018, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release.

Davidson H. Hamer, MD 1 ,2 ; Kristina Angelo, DO 3 ; Eric Caumes, MD 4 ; Perry J.J. van Genderen, MD, PhD 5 ; Simin A. Florescu, MD, PhD 6 ; Corneliu P. Popescu, MD 6 ; Cecilia Perret, MD 7 ; Angela McBride, BMBS 8 ; Anna Checkley, MBChB, DPhil 8 ; Jenny Ryan, MBBS 9 ; Martin Cetron, MD 10 ; Patricia Schlagenhauf, PhD 11 ( View author affiliations )

Views: Views equals page views plus PDF downloads

Yellow fever virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes yellow fever, an acute infectious disease that occurs in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. Most patients with yellow fever are asymptomatic, but among the 15% who develop severe illness, the case fatality rate is 20%–60%. Effective live-attenuated virus vaccines are available that protect against yellow fever ( 1 ). An outbreak of yellow fever began in Brazil in December 2016; since July 2017, cases in both humans and nonhuman primates have been reported from the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro, including cases occurring near large urban centers in these states ( 2 ). On January 16, 2018, the World Health Organization updated yellow fever vaccination recommendations for Brazil to include all persons traveling to or living in Espírito Santo, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro states, and certain cities in Bahia state, in addition to areas where vaccination had been recommended before the recent outbreak ( 3 ). Since January 2018, 10 travel-related cases of yellow fever, including four deaths, have been reported in international travelers returning from Brazil. None of the 10 travelers had received yellow fever vaccination.

Five of the 10 cases were reported by ProMED since January 15, including two from Argentina and three from Chile; two of the travelers from Chile died. In addition, during January 1–March 15, 2018, five confirmed cases of yellow fever in unvaccinated travelers returning from Brazil were reported by GeoSentinel ( http://www.istm.org/geosentinel external icon ), the global clinician-based sentinel surveillance system for travel-related illness among international travelers and migrants ( 4 ). These five yellow fever cases represent the first such cases identified by GeoSentinel ( Table ), which was initiated in 1995 by the International Society of Travel Medicine with support from CDC and now consists of 70 specialized travel and tropical medicine clinical sites around the world. The first of the GeoSentinel-reported cases occurred in a Dutch man aged 46 years who traveled to São Paulo state for 3 weeks during December 2017–January 2018. The second case occurred in a French woman, aged 42 years, who traveled to Minas Gerais state in Brazil for 4 weeks during December 2017–January 2018. She received a diagnosis of yellow fever in Brazil and was examined at a GeoSentinel site after returning to France to convalesce. The third and fourth cases occurred in a Romanian man, aged 34 years, and a Swiss man, aged 44 years, each of whom visited Brazil for approximately 2 weeks in February 2018. The fifth case was in a German man, aged 33 years, who spent a week in Brazil in late February. The Swiss and German travelers died from their illness (Table).

Among the 10 international travelers reported with yellow fever acquired in Brazil, eight acquired the disease on Ilha Grande, a forested island off the Rio de Janeiro coast, where one human and one nonhuman primate yellow fever case were reported in early February 2018 ( 5 ); of the eight patients who acquired the disease on Ilha Grande, four died. Another travel-related case of yellow fever was reported recently outside of Brazil ( 6 ).

Yellow fever is a potentially fatal illness that is preventable by vaccination. Yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all eligible persons aged ≥9 months, traveling to many areas in Brazil, including the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (especially Ilha Grande). Unvaccinated travelers should avoid traveling to areas where vaccination is recommended ( https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices ). Travelers planning to visit areas in Brazil or elsewhere where yellow fever transmission is occurring should receive yellow fever vaccine at least 10 days before travel and follow recommendations for avoiding mosquito bites ( https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/prevention/index.html ). The Food and Drug Administration–approved yellow fever vaccine, YF-VAX, is currently unavailable in the United States because of manufacturing difficulties ( 7 ). An alternative yellow fever vaccine, Stamaril, is available through a limited number of U.S. yellow fever vaccination clinics. U.S. travelers should therefore plan ahead to obtain Stamaril because it might take more time to access one of these clinics. Clinicians assessing returned travelers should be aware of yellow fever signs and symptoms and maintain vigilance regarding the possibility of yellow fever exposure in travelers returning from Brazil or other areas with ongoing transmission of yellow fever.

Acknowledgments

Marion Koopmans, Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Laboratorio de Flavivirus do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Cornelia Svetlana Ceianu, Ani Ioana Cotar, Laboratory for Vector-Borne Infections, Cantacuzino National Institute for Research, Bucharest, Romania; Mike Jacobs, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Eleni Nastouli, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom; Andrew Simpson, Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, Public Health England, Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Institute of Intensive Care and Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Alexandra Trkola, Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Laurent Kaiser, Virology Laboratory, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.

Conflict of Interest

No conflicts of interest were reported.

Corresponding author: Davidson H. Hamer; [email protected] .

1 Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts; 2 Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts, USA; 3 Travelers’ Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, CDC; 4 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris Sorbonne University, Paris, France; 5 Harbour Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; 6 Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania; 7 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile; 8 Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom; 9 Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; 10 Office of the Director, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, CDC; 11 World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Travellers’ Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland.

  • CDC. Yellow fever. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/symptoms/index.html
  • World Health Organization. Yellow fever—Brazil. Disease outbreak news. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2018. http://www.who.int/csr/don/27-february-2018-yellow-fever-brazil/en/ external icon
  • World Health Organization. Updates on yellow fever vaccination recommendations for international travelers related to the current situation in Brazil. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2018. http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20180116/en/ external icon
  • Harvey K, Esposito DH, Han P, et al. Surveillance for travel-related disease—GeoSentinel Surveillance System, United States, 1997–2011. MMWR Surveill Summ 2013;62(No. SS-3). PubMed external icon
  • Prefeitura Angra, página inicial, notícias. Atenção—febre amarela [Portuguese]. https://www.angra.rj.gov.br/noticia.asp?vid_noticia=53727&indexsigla=imp external icon
  • Newman AP, Becraft R, Dean AB, et al. Notes from the field: fatal yellow fever in a traveler returning from Peru—New York, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:914–5. CrossRef external icon PubMed external icon
  • Gershman MD, Angelo KM, Ritchey J, et al. Addressing a yellow fever vaccine shortage—United States, 2016–2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:457–9. CrossRef external icon PubMed external icon

Abbreviations : IgG = Immunoglobulin G; IgM = Immunoglobulin M; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR = reverse transcription–PCR; YF = yellow fever; YFV = YF virus. * In addition to the five patients reported by GeoSentinel sites, five additional cases of yellow fever have been reported by ProMED among persons who traveled to Brazil from Argentina (two) and Chile (three) since January 2018. Two of the patients from Chile died.

Suggested citation for this article: Hamer DH, Angelo K, Caumes E, et al. Fatal Yellow Fever in Travelers to Brazil, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018;67:340–341. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6711e1 external icon .

MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. CDC is not responsible for the content of pages found at these sites. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of the date of publication.

All HTML versions of MMWR articles are generated from final proofs through an automated process. This conversion might result in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Users are referred to the electronic PDF version ( https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr ) and/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables.

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Measles outbreak leads CDC to update travel guidelines

TAMPA, Fla. - If you’re planning to travel internationally this spring, it’s time to make sure your measles immunity is up-to-date.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its guidance for travelers amid a global rise in measles outbreaks , as cases have been reported across 17 states.

Travelers are now being urged to consult with their doctor at least six weeks before heading abroad if they are unsure whether their immunizations are up-to-date. The CDC previously recommended the vaccine at least one month before traveling.

RELATED: If you were vaccinated for measles in the 1970s and 80s you may not be protected: Doctors

The decision to update the guidelines comes as measles grows across the United States, including in Florida , which saw a surge in cases in February, mostly in Broward County with one case reported in Polk County. 

"Measles cases are increasing globally, including in the United States," the agency alerted travelers in a header above its 'Destinations' webpage . "The majority of measles cases imported into the United States occur in unvaccinated U.S. residents who become infected during international travel."

A list of countries with confirmed measles outbreaks can be found on the Global Measles Travel Health Notice (THN ).

"Measles spreads rapidly in communities that are not fully vaccinated and may pose a risk to international travelers in places not included in the THN," the agency said. "CDC recommends all travelers get fully vaccinated against measles before traveling to any international destination."

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Going abroad? Time to check if you're up to date on measles immunity, CDC says

By Alexander Tin

Edited By Allison Elyse Gualtieri

March 13, 2024 / 1:43 PM EDT / CBS News

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its guidance Wednesday for travelers in the wake of a global rise in measles outbreaks, as cases have mounted  across 17 states .

Americans planning to travel abroad should consult their doctors at least six weeks before traveling if they are unsure about whether they are up to date on their vaccines, the agency now says, in order to avoid catching the highly contagious virus during their trip.

The CDC previously said in November that travelers only needed to schedule an appointment at least one month before their trip, in order to have enough time to get vaccinated .

Russia and Malaysia were also added Wednesday to the CDC's map of 46 countries now facing large measles outbreaks. However, the agency warns that the global rise in measles cases remains a threat in other parts of the world too.

"Measles spreads rapidly and may become a risk to travelers in places not included on the list above. CDC recommends all travelers are fully vaccinated against measles when traveling to any international destination," the agency says.

It is not clear what prompted the CDC's new measles guidance tweaks. A spokesperson for the agency did not immediately answer a request for comment.

In recent weeks, health authorities have ramped up their plea for Americans to get vaccinated before spring break travel this year. 

Officials have cited recent outbreaks linked to travelers who were infected abroad and had been eligible to be vaccinated. 

Those include a cluster over the winter in Philadelphia , linked to an unvaccinated baby. The infant had been old enough to get a shot of the measles-mumps-rubella or MMR vaccine, which is recommended for travelers at least 6 months old. 

Another had been in Idaho, which state health authorities linked to an unvaccinated adult who traveled to Europe, where many countries are now facing resurgent outbreaks of the virus.

"The World Health Organization has noted a significant increase in measles cases worldwide, with a 30-fold increase in Europe.  This includes popular international tourist destinations for Americans, like England," the CDC said in a report on March 8.

What to know about the measles vaccine

Two doses of MMR vaccine offers 97% protection against measles, the CDC says , and at least one dose offers 93%. The shot offers lifelong protection against measles.

Most Americans got two doses of the vaccine by the time they were 6 years old, under CDC recommendations and widespread school requirements, though vaccination rates have slipped in recent years.

For adults born after 1957 who are unsure if they are protected, all are recommended to get at least one dose of the vaccine if they do not have evidence of immunity , like records of vaccination or previous infection.

Growing measles cases in the U.S.

In the United States, state and local health authorities have announced at least 55 confirmed or suspected cases of measles so far this year across 17 states. 

That is close to the 58 total measles cases the CDC says were reported for all of 2023. The last peak of yearly measles cases was in 2019. That year 1,274 infections were reported, making up the most on record in a single year since 1992.

Most new cases in the past week have been in Illinois, where Chicago health authorities have been responding to an outbreak in a migrant shelter. That outbreak prompted the deployment of CDC and state teams to aid the response, as the city has sought to screen and vaccinate hundreds potentially exposed.

New infections have also been announced over the past week in California and Arizona.

A spokesperson for the California Department of Public Health said Wednesday there were four reported measles cases statewide, and that "cases have been linked to travel to countries with epidemics in the wake of decreased routine immunization."

Hundreds may have been exposed at a hospital in Sacramento, authorities warned on March 8, after a child contracted the virus following a trip outside of the country.

State officials said their measles trends remain "similar to pre-pandemic levels" so far.

Officials in Arizona's Coconino County also announced a new case on March 11. Three previous infections were reported this year in Arizona's Maricopa County, which spans Phoenix, but the new case wasn't linked to those or to international travel, a county health and human services department spokesperson said Tuesday.

Alexander Tin is a digital reporter for CBS News based in the Washington, D.C. bureau. He covers the Biden administration's public health agencies, including the federal response to infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19.

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A dengue-transmitting mosquito, Aedes aegypti, in São Paulo, Brazil.

Brazil to release millions of anti-dengue mosquitoes as death toll from outbreak mounts

Mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria that inhibit spread of disease to be introduced in six cities after successful pilot scheme

A dengue-fighting strategy that involves releasing bacteria-infected mosquitoes will be rolled out to six Brazilian cities in the coming months as the country battles a severe outbreak of dengue fever, a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

Factors such as hotter and wetter weather caused by the climate crisis and the circulation of previously absent subtypes of the virus are fuelling an explosion of dengue in Brazil, which has recorded 1.6m probable cases since January – the same number reported for all of last year – and 491 deaths, with a further 889 deaths under investigation, as of 14 March.

Local and national health authorities have stepped up their response, notably boosting prevention measures, which include community health agents crisscrossing cities on the lookout for containers of stagnant water that could permit mosquitoes to breed.

“Our strategies are old and heavily focused on vector control,” said Ethel Maciel, the secretary for health surveillance at the health ministry. But amid “a significant change in the pattern of dengue” – with earlier and bigger spikes in infections – the government is turning to newer technologies with medium-term results, such as vaccines and the release of mosquitoes infected with bacteria that limit the transmission of dengue and other arboviruses to humans.

The Wolbachia method – named after a type of bacteria found in about 60% of insects but not naturally present in Aedes aegypti – has already been introduced in five Brazilian cities , providing protection to 3.2 million people. An 80m reais (£12.5m) expansion to six new municipalities will cover a further 1.7 million people.

A member of staff at the World Mosquito Program releases Wolbachia mosquitoes in Niterói. The car contains 900 tubes that he will release every 50 metres.

Eggs and larvae of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes – which Brazilians have nicknamed “ wolbitos ” – will be provided by a Rio de Janeiro lab in a public health institute run by the health science organisation Fiocruz, which manages the Wolbachia method in Brazil in partnership with the NGO World Mosquito Program (WMP) and with support from the health ministry.

“We started off in a tiny room, with just three small cages. And now we have these big rearing cages which can hold 32,000 mosquitoes,” said the lab’s supervisor Cátia Cabral during a recent tour of the 397 sq metre (4,273 sq ft) facility, which houses approximately 1.5 million adult mosquitoes and produces 10m eggs each week. There are plans to build a bigger mosquito-breeding lab in another state.

Cabral, a biologist who has worked with the WMP since the start of its Brazil-based projects 10 years ago, leads a team of 17 people who are responsible for keeping the colony of wolbitos alive in a continuous cycle of reproduction. They also monitor the implementation of the Wolbachia method in targeted areas by diagnosing Aedes aegypti eggs collected in the field.

Niterói, a city of half a million inhabitants across the Guanabara Bay from Rio de Janeiro, hosted one of the initial pilot projects back in 2015 and later became the first city with full Wolbachia coverage. This appears to have helped keep dengue numbers down even as the state of Rio declared an official emergency last month.

Just 689 probable cases had been recorded in Niterói as of 14 March, compared with 61,779 in neighbouring Rio de Janeiro, where the Wolbachia method was trialled on a smaller scale and in areas that presented specific challenges, such as violence-plagued favelas.

Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes, which transmit dengue fever and Zika virus, in a jar at the International Atomic Energy Agency Insect Pest Control Laboratory in Seibersdorf, Austria.

“Rio is a city with 12 times the population but [nearly] 100 times more dengue cases than Niterói,” said Axel Grael, the mayor of Niterói. “There is no doubt that the application of the Wolbachia strategy has been decisive for our results.”

New research is expected to be published later this year, but a 2021 study associated the deployment of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in Niterói with a 69% decrease in dengue, as well as a 56% and 37% decrease in the incidence of chikungunya and Zika , respectively – two other Aedes-borne diseases.

The low cost, self-sustaining nature and proven efficacy of the Wolbachia method appeals to city authorities, according to Luciano Moreira, a Fiocruz researcher who leads the WMP in Brazil.

“We have a list of more than 50 municipalities that have got in touch requesting [‘wolbitos’],” he said, adding: “Our biggest bottleneck right now is the production of mosquitoes.”

The new mosquito-breeding lab, which should be up and running by 2025, will increase the current production capacity tenfold, to 100m eggs each week.

“Our projections show that within 10 years, we will be able to protect around 70 million Brazilians across various cities,” said Moreira.

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Yellow Fever in Brazil

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  1. Brazil

    Recommended for unvaccinated travelers younger than 60 years old traveling to Brazil. Unvaccinated travelers 60 years and older may get vaccinated before traveling to Brazil. CDC recommends that travelers going to certain areas of Brazil take prescription medicine to prevent malaria.

  2. Brazil

    With >210 million people, Brazil is home to the world's largest Portuguese-speaking population. The world's eighth largest economy, Brazil is classified as an upper-middle-income country. Nearly 85% of Brazilians live in urban areas. Brazil is the most popular tourist destination in South America, and the second most popular in all Latin ...

  3. Travelers' Health

    See the full list of Travel Health Notices, including: CDC Travelers' Health Branch provides updated travel information, notices, and vaccine requirements to inform international travelers and provide guidance to the clinicians who serve them.

  4. Brazil International Travel Information

    Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). See the State Department's travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories.

  5. Travel Advisory: U.S. Embassy Brazil

    To be considered fully vaccinated, the traveler must have received the final dose of the vaccine at least 14 days prior to boarding. While Brazil's COVID-19 vaccination requirements may change, the CDC recommends that U.S. citizens should not travel internationally until they are fully vaccinated. For more details on Brazil's COVID-19 entry ...

  6. Message to U.S. Citizens: Update to the Brazil Travel Advisory

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a Level 3 Travel Health Notice for Brazil due to COVID-19. Travelers to Brazil may experience border closures, airport closures, travel prohibitions, stay at home orders, business closures, and other emergency conditions within Brazil due to COVID-19. Visit the Embassy's COVID-19 ...

  7. Traveling to Brazil during Covid-19

    The basics. Brazil has been one of the hardest hit countries by the pandemic. The country holds the second highest Covid-19 death toll in the world, second only to the United States. Ad Feedback ...

  8. CDC Lowers Brazil Covid Travel Advisory by One Notch

    The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lowered its Covid-19 travel advisory for Brazil by one notch as the pandemic wanes in Latin America's largest economy. Brazil is now ranked as ...

  9. Know the rules for the entry of travelers into Brazil

    At the moment, Brazilians who have been to one of the six countries listed must complete a 14-day quarantine in their final destination city in Brazil. It is also necessary to complete the ...

  10. Brazil Travel Advisory

    Read the entire Travel Advisory. Do not travel to: Any areas within 150 km/100 miles of Brazil's land borders with Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Paraguay due to crime. (Note: This does not apply to the Foz do Iguacu National Park or Pantanal National Park.) Informal housing developments (commonly ...

  11. Areas with Risk of Yellow Fever Virus Transmission in South America

    2 In 2017, CDC expanded yellow fever vaccination recommendations for travelers to Brazil due to large outbreaks of yellow fever in multiple states within that country. ... Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal ...

  12. Travel Advisory: Brazil COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement

    While Brazil's COVID-19 vaccination requirements may change, the CDC recommends that U.S. citizens eligible for vaccination should not travel internationally until they are fully vaccinated. T he U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory for Brazil is currently Level 4: Do Not Travel due to COVID-19. Review the February 18 Brazilian government ...

  13. Vaccinations for Brazil Travel: Recommended CDC Travel Immunizations

    Brazil Travel Requirements & Vaccinations Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world and the third largest in the Americas. Because of its vast expanse and varied topography - including hills, mountains and plains — the climate is widely varied but most of the country is categorized as either tropical or subtropical.

  14. Fatal Yellow Fever in Travelers to Brazil, 2018

    Since January 2018, 10 travel-related cases of yellow fever, including four deaths, have been reported in international travelers returning from Brazil. None of the 10 travelers had received yellow fever vaccination. Five of the 10 cases were reported by ProMED since January 15, including two from Argentina and three from Chile; two of the ...

  15. Measles outbreak leads CDC to update travel guidelines

    Travelers are now being urged to consult with their doctor at least six weeks before heading abroad if they are unsure whether their immunizations are up-to-date. The CDC previously recommended ...

  16. Zika Travel Information

    If you decide to travel, prevent mosquito bites and sexual exposure to Zika during and after travel. If traveling without male partner, wait 2 months after return before becoming pregnant. Men with a pregnant partner. Prevent mosquito bites during and after travel. Use condoms or do not have sex for the rest of the pregnancy.

  17. Health Alert: U.S. and Brazil Travel Restrictions

    Health Alert - U.S. Embassy Brasilia, Brazil (July 23, 2020) Location: Brazil. Event: U.S. and Brazil Travel Restrictions. Although both the United States and Brazil have restricted entry of some foreigners as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (see below), commercial flights between the two countries continue to run on a regular basis.

  18. Travel Advisory for Brazil Updated to Level 3: Reconsider Travel

    Location: Brazil . Event: On September 13, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Level 3 Travel Health Notice for Brazil due to COVID-19, indicating a high level of COVID-19 in the country. This is a reduction from the CDC's previous Level 4 Travel Health Notice for Brazil, which indicated a very high level of COVID-19 in the country.

  19. Going abroad? Time to check if you're up to date on measles immunity

    CDC recommends all travelers are fully vaccinated against measles when traveling to any international destination," the agency says. It is not clear what prompted the CDC's new measles guidance ...

  20. Travel Advisory: U.S. Embassy Brazil

    Travel Advisory: U.S. Embassy Brazil. Event: Effective immediately, all individuals ages 12 and older traveling to Brazil by air must present proof of COVID-19 vaccination, in addition to a Traveler's Health Declaration (DSV) and proof of a negative COVID-19 test, either an RT-PCR test performed within 72 hours of boarding or an antigen test ...

  21. Brazil to release millions of anti-dengue mosquitoes as death toll from

    Factors such as hotter and wetter weather caused by the climate crisis and the circulation of previously absent subtypes of the virus are fuelling an explosion of dengue in Brazil, which has ...

  22. Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prevention Information, by Country

    Not recommended for travel limited to any areas not listed above, including the cities of Fortaleza and Recife *In 2017, in response to a large YF outbreak in multiple eastern states, CDC expanded its vaccination recommendations for travelers going to Brazil. The expanded YF vaccination recommendations for these states are preliminary.

  23. Yellow Fever in Brazil

    Yellow Fever in Brazil. Level 4 - Avoid All Travel. Level 3 - Reconsider Nonessential Travel ... For all current travel notices, please visit the travel notices page. Page last reviewed: June 30, 2021. Content source: National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic ... Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. The Centers ...

  24. Travel Advisory: New Brazil COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement for

    The U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory for Brazil is currently Level 4: Do Not Travel due to COVID-19. Vaccines must be approved by ANVISA (Brazil's National Health Agency), the World Health Organization, the FDA, or by relevant health authorities in the country where the vaccine was administered. To be considered fully vaccinated, the ...