Kecepatan suara

Terjemahan teks, teks sumber, hasil terjemahan, terjemahan dokumen, tarik lalu lepas.

visit to the dentist artinya

Penerjemahan situs

Masukkan URL

Terjemahan gambar

Apa Terjemahan dari "visit" di bahasa Indonesia?

"visit" bahasa indonesia terjemahan, visit {kt bnd}.

  • volume_up mengunjungi

visitation {kt bnd}

  • volume_up pengamukan
  • rahmat atau hukuman tuhan
  • kunjungan resmi
  • perkunjungan

pay a social visit {kt krj}

  • volume_up bersilaturahmi

visit {kata benda}

  • open_in_new Tautan ke sumber
  • warning Request revision

visitation {kata benda}

Pay a social visit {kata kerja}, contoh penggunaan, english indonesian contoh kontekstual "visit" di bahasa indonesia.

Kalimat ini berasal dari sumber eksternal dan mungkin tidak akurat. bab.la tidak bertanggung jawab atas isinya.

Contoh Monolingual

English cara menggunakan "visit" dalam kalimat, english cara menggunakan "visitation" dalam kalimat, persamaan kata, sinonim (bahasa inggris) untuk "visit":.

  • chew the fat
  • confabulate
  • tribulation
  • visual merchandiser

Lihat kamus bahasa Inggris-bahasa Indonesia oleh bab.la.

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Dental Visits – The Dentist Visit And What To Expect

Top articles, more articles.

Medically Reviewed By Colgate Global Scientific Communications

What Happens During a Dental Visit?

First, it is important to find a dentist with whom you feel comfortable. Once you've found a dentist you like, your next step is to schedule a check-up — before any problems arise.

On your first visit to a dentist, they will take a full health history. On subsequent visits, if your health status has changed, make sure to tell them.

Most dental visits are checkups. Regular checkups (ideally every six months) will help your teeth stay cleaner, last longer and can prevent painful problems from developing.

  • A thorough cleaning Checkups almost always include a complete cleaning, either from your dentist or a dental hygienist. Using special instruments, a dental hygienist will scrape below the gumline, removing built-up plaque and tartar that can cause gum disease, cavities, bad breath and other problems. Your dentist or hygienist may also polish and floss your teeth.
  • A full examination Your dentist will perform a thorough examination of your teeth, gums and mouth, looking for signs of disease or other problems. His or her goal is to help maintain your good oral health and to prevent problems from becoming serious, by identifying and treating them as soon as possible.
  • X-rays Depending on your age, risks of disease and symptoms, your dentist may recommend X-rays. X-rays can diagnose problems otherwise unnoticed, such as damage to jawbones, impacted teeth, abscesses, cysts or tumors, and decay between the teeth. A modern dental office uses machines that emit virtually no radiation — no more than you would receive from a day in the sun or a weekend watching TV. As a precaution, you should always wear a lead apron when having an X-ray. And, if you are pregnant, inform your dentist, as X-rays should only be taken in emergency situations. Your dentist may ask for a Panoramic X-ray, or Panorex. This type of film provides a complete view of your upper and lower jaw in a single picture, and helps the dentist understand your bite and the relationship between the different teeth and your arch.

How Long Should I go Between Visits?

If your teeth and gums are in good shape, you probably won't need to return for three to six months. If further treatment is required — say to fill a cavity, remove a wisdom tooth, or repair a broken crown — you should make an appointment before leaving the office. And don't forget to ask your dentist any questions you may have —this is your chance to get the answers you need.

Oral Care Center articles are reviewed by an oral health medical professional. This information is for educational purposes only. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your dentist, physician or other qualified healthcare provider. 

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'Go to the Dentist' or 'See a Dentist'

PristineWord

The expressions “go to the dentist”, “see a dentist”, and “visit a dentist” are often interchangeable and commonly used in everyday English.

The expressions “ go to the dentist ”, “ see a dentist ”, and “ visit a dentist ” are often interchangeable and commonly used in everyday English.

You should see a dentist on a more regular basis.

Note that we always use an article (a/the) or another determiner (this, that, my, your, etc.) before " dentist ".

I need to go to the dentist .

Children should visit a dentist for a checkup twice a year.

1. ‘Go to the Dentist’ vs. ‘See a Dentist’

2. ‘visit a dentist’.

When seeing a dental health professional, we commonly use the expression “ go to the dentist ” or “ see a dentist ”.

She went to the dentist after school.

I’ve got to see a dentist tomorrow.

When attending our usual dentist or having a dental appointment, we normally use the expression “ go to the dentist ”.

I go to the dentist every six months for a checkup.

This expression contains the article “the” even if the dentist has not been identified.

I hate going to the dentist .

The phrase “ see a dentist ” is usually more generic (less precise).

You should see a dentist to prevent oral health problems.

Seeing a dentist is not a pleasant experience.

But you can use other determiners, such as “my”, “your”, “her”, “the”, “that”, etc., to identify the dentist you are talking about.

I need to see my dentist to remove all plaque from my teeth.

In more formal situations, we can use the terms “dental practitioner”, “dental health practitioner”, or “dental health professional”.

If you need more specialized care, your dentist can refer you to another dental health practitioner .

"Go to the doctor" or "See a doctor"

We can also use the phrases “ visit a dentist ” and “ visit the dentist ”.

Visiting a dentist twice a year is a good rule of thumb for many people.

An ongoing toothache is considered an urgent sign that you should visit the dentist .

We can also say the noun phrase “ a visit to the dentist ”.

A visit to the dentist doesn't have to be something to dread.

Do you need an article in front of the name of a place?

PristineWord

Read more posts by this author

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Combining 'Through' with Other Prepositions

How to combine the prepositions 'through' and 'under', how to combine the prepositions 'through' and 'over'.

  • Find-a-Dentist

Your Top 9 Questions About Going to the Dentist—Answered!

A photograph of a smiling woman at the dentist.

Whether you are 80 or 8, your oral health is important. Did you know that 100 million Americans fail to see a dentist each year, even though regular dental examinations and good oral hygiene can prevent most dental disease? Here are some frequently asked questions about going to the dentist.

9 Questions Accordion

Regular dental visits are important because they can help spot dental health problems early on when treatment is likely to be simpler and more affordable. They also help prevent many problems from developing in the first place. Visiting your dentist regularly is also important because some diseases or medical conditions have symptoms that can appear in the mouth.

  • Your teeth are sensitive to hot or cold
  • Your gums are puffy and/or they bleed when you brush or floss
  • You have fillings , crowns , dental implants , dentures , etc.
  • You don’t like the way your smile or teeth look
  • You have persistent bad breath or bad taste in your mouth
  • You are pregnant
  • You have pain or swelling in your mouth, face or neck
  • You have difficulty chewing or swallowing
  • You have a family history of gum disease or tooth decay
  • You have a medical condition such as diabetes , cardiovascular disease , eating disorders or are HIV positive
  • Your mouth is often dry
  • You smoke or use other tobacco products
  • You are undergoing medical treatment such as radiation, chemotherapy or hormone replacement therapy
  • Your jaw sometimes pops or is painful when opening and closing, chewing or when you first wake up; you have an uneven bite
  • You have a spot or sore that doesn’t look or feel right in your mouth and it isn’t going away

Yes. Even if you don’t have any symptoms, you can still have dental health problems that only a dentist can diagnose. Regular dental visits will also help prevent problems from developing. Continuity of care is an important part of any health plan and dental health is no exception. Keeping your mouth healthy is an essential piece of your overall health. It’s also important to keep your dentist informed of any changes in your overall health since many medical conditions can affect your dental health too.

The dentist or hygienist will ask about your recent medical history, examine your mouth and decide whether or not you need x-rays. Depending on your treatment plan, the hygienist may use a special dental instruments to check your gums for gum disease. Your dentist will evaluate your overall dental health and conduct an oral cancer screening by holding your tongue with gauze, checking it and your whole mouth, then feeling your jaw and neck.

There is no one-size-fits-all dental treatment. Some people need to visit the dentist once or twice a year; others may need more visits. You are a unique individual, with a unique smile and unique needs when it comes to keeping your smile healthy.

The American Dental Association offers these suggestions in finding a dentist:

  • Visit ADA Find-a-Dentist to search dentists in your area. 
  • Ask family, friends, neighbors or co-workers for recommendations. 
  • Ask your family physician or local pharmacist.
  • If you're moving, your current dentist may be able to make a recommendation.
  • Call or write your state dental society.

You may want to call or visit more than one dentist before making your decision. Dental care is a very personalized service that requires a good relationship between the dentist and the patient. During your first visit, you should be able to determine if this is the right dentist for you.

Consider the following:

  • Is the appointment schedule convenient for you? 
  • Is the office easy to get to from your home or job? 
  • Does the office appear to be clean, neat and orderly?
  • Was your medical and dental history recorded and placed in a permanent file?
  • Does the dentist explain techniques that will help you prevent dental health problems? Is dental health instruction provided?
  • Are special arrangements made for handling emergencies outside of office hours? (Most dentists make arrangements with a colleague or emergency referral service if they are unable to tend to emergencies.) 
  • Is information provided about fees and payment plans before treatment is scheduled? 
  • Is your dentist a member of the ADA? All ADA member dentists voluntarily agree to abide by the high ethical standards reflected in the member code of conduct . You and your dentist are partners in maintaining your oral health. Take time to ask questions and take notes if that will help you remember your dentist's advice.

If you’re looking to find a dentist you may notice that while most are listed with a “DDS”, some may be listed as “DMD”. They both mean the same thing—your dentist graduated from an accredited dental school. The DDS (Doctor of Dental Surgery) and DMD (Doctor of Dental Medicine) are the same degrees. Dentists who have a DMD or DDS have the same education. The level of education and clinical training required to earn a dental degree, and the high academic standards of dental schools are on par with those of medical schools. Upon completion of their training, dentists must pass both a rigorous national written exam and a state or regional clinical licensing exam in order to practice. In order to keep their licenses, they must meet continuing education requirements for the remainder of their careers so that they may stay up to date on the latest scientific and clinical developments.

Here are some tips to help you take care of your smile:

  • Healthy habits . Brushing twice a day for two minutes and flossing daily are essential for everyone, no matter how unique your mouth is. It’s the best way to fight tooth decay and gum disease.
  • Build a relationship. Continuity of care is an important part of any health plan and dental health is no exception. When your dentist sees you regularly, he or she is in a good position to catch oral problems early. For instance, catching gum disease  when it’s still reversible, or cavities when they are small and are more easily treated.
  • Maintain. Keeping your mouth healthy is an essential piece of your overall health. It’s important to keep your dentist informed of any changes in your overall health as well.
  • Talk about it! Only your dentist can determine what the best treatment plan is for you. Have questions about your oral health or certain dental procedures? Start a conversation. Ask your dentist to explain step-by-step. Dentists love having satisfied, healthy patients.

visit to the dentist artinya

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At the dentists

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At the reception

Having your teeth examined, dental treatment.

Sound is available for all the English phrases on this page — simply click on any phrase to hear it.

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  • Bahasa Indonesia
  • Bahasa Melayu

female dentist at an appointment talking about english dental vocabulary and phrases

English vocabulary for going to the dentist

by Adriana Stein

Published on January 23, 2021 / Updated on November 10, 2022

Learning the most common words and phrases to get help when you’re sick is one of the most important benefits of learning a language. When it comes to the dentist, not knowing what to say once you’re there and not understanding your dentist’s advice is especially frustrating – and even potentially life-threatening! 

Don’t wait to develop a toothache to brush up on your English vocabulary for visiting the dentist. Most dentists recommend going for a routine dental check-up twice a year anyway, so you can practice using this dentis vocaulary and phrases while your teeth are healthy. 

Start your journey to reach fluency

Vocab words and phrases you’ll need for a visit to the dentist.

In case you need to visit a dentist, the following words and phrases help you describe your symptoms and understand the dentist’s instructions and recommendations.

Quick note: if you’re having trouble with other parts of your body and need to visit a doctor instead, take a look at this u seful vocabulary for doctor’s visits.

Parts of your mouth

Your mouth has many parts with different medical names. Most of time when you visit the dentist, you’ll only speak about your teeth. However, to help you understand from a visual perspective, we’ve added this graphic of the mouth. These words are helpful when describing your symptoms or when understanding your dentist’s recommendations, especially if they slip into medical dental jargon.

parts of the mouth labelled

If you’re in doubt about the correct word to use, you can also just point to the area that hurts or feels uncomfortable and ask the dentist to look there (I actually do this anyways even in my home country, because it’s easier).

Dental symptoms

If you’re not just at the dentist for a teeth cleaning, you’ll need to describe the symptoms you’re experiencing in order for the dentist to diagnose the problem. You can use the phrases below to clarify the issue:

Common dental problems

Once your dentist has finished the examination, they will explain the issue and how it can be treated. Some of the most common dental problems are as follows:

Dental procedures and treatments

There are a wide variety of regular and specialised dental treatments. This table provides a dental word list your doctor might use when explaining such dental procedures:

Types of dentists and other related health practitioners 

After a general checkup, your dentist may recommend you to visit a specialist who can best help with your specific dental problem. Here is a list of words that describe a dentist more specifically and other related health practitioners that you may need to visit:

To mention something super important: the extent to which dental costs are covered by health insurance depends on the location and country at hand. If you’re traveling or living abroad and are new to the healthcare system, make sure you check with your insurance provider about how they handle visits to the dentists in order to avoid or reduce paying for everything on your own.

For more specific details on this, take a look at our country-specific health insurance guides for:

visit to the dentist artinya

Adriana Stein

Adriana Stein is an Online Marketing Consultant based in Hamburg, Germany. Originally from a small town in Oregon, USA, she decided to move to Hamburg in early 2016 after falling in love with the city during a study abroad.

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visit to the dentist artinya

Sheep helps horse through dentist visit trauma

Large brown shire horse called Jojo inside a building with black sheep called Hetty stood underneath

Jojo the shire horse and Hetty the sheep together at the dentists

  • Published 27 February 2024

A horse survived the trauma of a recent visit to the dentist – with help from her companion sheep.

Jojo, a 19-year-old shire horse mare, needed an hour’s specialist treatment on her teeth last week.

She spent the entire session with Hetty the black sheep snuggled underneath her.

The animals’ owners, from Anglesey, said the pair are inseparable, while vets say it is unlike anything they have ever seen.

Jojo the horse with Hetty the sheep stood underneath her in the horse box

Hetty the sheep was determined not to let Jojo the horse go to the dentist alone

Owner Susan Ray said that Hetty the sheep was determined to accompany Jojo the horse to the dentist.

“Hetty wouldn’t leave Jojo," she said.

“As we were loading Jojo for the trip, she was straight up the ramp into the horsebox.

“It was as if she was trying to say ‘no, Jojo isn’t going on her own’."

And when they got to the dentist in Bangor, Gwynedd, Hetty stayed with Jojo, even though there were no gates or fences in place to stop her running around the building.

Listen: The Welsh sheep helping its horse friend with a dentist's visit

The Welsh sheep helping its horse friend with a dentist's visit

Andy Peffers, from North Wales Equine Dental Practice, treated Jojo, and said: “This was a new thing for us.

“I've been a vet 28 years and never seen a horse and sheep so bonded.

“The two are inseparable and Hetty travelled to the clinic by standing between Jojo’s legs under her belly.

“Then when Jojo was being treated in the stocks, Hetty also came in and stood for the whole hour of treatment under Jojo’s legs.

“It really was beautiful to see their relationship."

Jojo the shire horse standing by a fence with Hetty the black sheep

Jojo and Hetty have been companions for around a year

That relationship began a year ago when Jojo’s mother died, and her owners brought Hetty from a nearby farm for companionship in her field.

“They are inseparable," Susan added.

“They play together, they run round the field together – we joke that Hetty bounces around like the cartoon character Pepe Le Pew.”

Related Topics

Suspect arrested in dental office shooting that left 1 dead, 2 injured in El Cajon, California

One person was killed and two other people were injured when a gunman opened fire inside a dental office in El Cajon, California, on Thursday afternoon.

The suspect, identified as Mohammed Abdulkareem, 29, was taken into custody late Thursday local time by San Diego police, El Cajon Police Capt. Rob Ransweiler said.

Police responded to a 911 call at the office on North Magnolia Avenue at 4:15 p.m. local time and performed "lifesaving support" for the three victims.

The deceased victim is male. The coroner’s office will publicly identify him, police said.

Ransweiler said at a news briefing Thursday evening that officers found the victim who died inside the office during the shooting and took him outside, where it was safer to perform lifesaving measures.

armed police response

The two injured victims — a man in his 40s and a woman in her 20s — were taken to area hospitals, where they were stable, Ransweiler said.

The father of the woman who was wounded told Telemundo San Diego that is she is 27 years old, and that she was shot in the legs.

Police declined to say whether they believe the shooting was targeted and whether they believe the suspect, who was armed with a handgun, knew the victims.

The shooting unfolded in the dental office, and everyone involved was inside the office, Ransweiler said, adding that other people were inside when the shooting occurred. No other injuries in the building were reported.

Police said a camera system used throughout the city identified the suspect's vehicle, a white U-Haul pickup . They said they then confirmed the suspect had rented the truck.

The truck was later found, and Abdulkareem was taken into custody near where the vehicle was located, Ransweiler said.

FBI San Diego and the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives are assisting in the investigation.

El Cajon is a city about 15 miles northeast of San Diego.

Rebecca Cohen is a breaking news reporter for NBC News.

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Why patients visit dentists – A study in all WHO regions

Mike t. john.

1 Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Stella Sekulić

2 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Katrin Bekes

3 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Mohammad H. Al-Harthy

4 Department of Oral Basic & Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Ambra Michelotti

5 Section of Orthodontics, Department of Neurosciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

Daniel R. Reissmann

6 Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg – Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Julijana Nikolovska

7 Department for Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia

Sahityaveera Sanivarapu

8 Department of Periodontics, Care Dental College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Folake B. Lawal

9 Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Thomas List

10 Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden

Sanja Peršić Kiršić

11 Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Ljiljana Strajnić

12 Clinic for Dentistry of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia

Rodrigo Casassus

13 Department of Orofacial Pain, Faculty of Medicine, University of Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

Kazuyoshi Baba

14 Department of Prosthodontics, Showa University Dental Hospital, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan

Martin Schimmel

15 Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, Division of Gerodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

16 Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

17 Department of Child Health and Orthodontics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Ruwan D. Jayasinghe

18 Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Sanela Strujić-Porović

19 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Christopher C. Peck

20 Dental School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

21 Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Karina Haugaard Bendixen

22 Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Miguel Angel Simancas Pallares

23 Division of Pediatrics and Public Health, Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Eka Perez-Franco

24 Center for Headaches, Facial Pain and TMD, Punta Pacifica Medical Center, Panama City, Panama

Mohammad Mehdi Naghibi Sistani

25 Oral Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran

Patricia Valerio

26 Instituto Patricia Valério, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Natalia Letunova

27 Department of Anesthesia in Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia

Nazik M Nurelhuda

28 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

David W. Bartlett

29 King’s College London Dental Institute, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Ikeoluwa A. Oluwafemi

30 Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa

Saloua Dghoughi

31 Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry of Rabat, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco

Joao N. A. R. Ferreira

32 Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

33 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, National University Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore

Pathamas Chantaracherd

34 Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Western University, Bangkok, Thailand

Ksenija Rener-Sitar

35 Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Associated Data

Background:.

The dimensions of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) Oral Function , Orofacial Pain , Orofacial Appearance , and Psychosocial Impact are the major areas where patients are impacted by oral diseases and dental interventions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dental patients’ reasons to visit the dentist fit the four OHRQoL dimensions.

Dentists (N=1,580) from 32 countries participated in a web-based survey. For their patients with current oral health problems, dentists were asked whether these problems were related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact or whether they do not fit into the previous four categories. Dentists were also asked about their patients who intended to prevent future oral health problems. For both patient groups, the proportions of oral health problems falling into the four OHRQoL dimensions were calculated.

For 96 out of 100 dental patients, their current oral health problems were related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact. For 92 out of 100 dental patients, the oral health problems they intended to prevent in the future were related to the OHRQoL dimensions. Both numbers increased to 98% or higher when experts analyzed dentists’ explanations of why some oral health problems would not fit these four categories. None of the dentist-provided explanations suggested evidence against the OHRQoL dimensions as the concepts that capture dental patients’ suffering.

Conclusion:

Oral Function , Orofacial Pain , Orofacial Appearance , and Psychosocial Impact capture dental patients’ oral health problems worldwide. These four OHRQoL dimensions offer a psychometrically sound and practical framework for patient care and research, identifying what is important to dental patients.

Introduction

Dental patients have current oral health problems, or they want to prevent them from occurring.

Patients visit the dentist because of two main concerns – they either have current oral health problems, or they want to prevent them in the future. These problems are caused by 1,323 oral conditions or a combination of them (oral diseases represent the majority of these conditions, and we will use this term henceforth). 1 Patients’ perceived oral health problems are not a deterministic reflection of the physical oral health situation, but rather they are shaped by personal, e.g., personality characteristics, and environmental factors, e.g., societal factors such as attitudes and laws. Conceptually, an infinite number of oral health problem situations results. Perceived oral health is a complex and multidimensional personal experience for each dental patient.

Dental patients’ oral health problems can be grouped

While the number of oral health problems is infinite, some problems are more related than others are. One reason for relationships among oral health problems is the oral disease that caused these problems. Typically, a disease creates not only one but several oral health problems for the patient. Consequently, the infinite number of oral health problems cluster into a smaller number of larger problem groups. These problem clusters are of practical importance for public health and clinical oral health care because they represent the major reasons why dental patients seek care. For example, Rosenstiel et al. mentioned that patients’ chief complaints or the reasons for treatment seeking typically belong to one of four categories (comfort, function, social, appearance). 2

Dimensions of OHRQoL - A framework to group dental patients’ oral health problems

The entirety of the patient’s oral health problems is often described as the patient’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Oral Function , Orofacial Pain , Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact were identified as psychometrically sound and clinically intuitive OHRQoL dimensions. 3 Exploratory 4 and as well as confirmatory studies 5 support the dimensions, and these studies were performed in diverse international dental patients as well as on general population subjects. 6 Conceptually, OHRQoL can be seen as an umbrella concept with these four major components, and the patient’s oral health problems are situated in these components. If oral health problems lead patients to seeking care, then the four OHRQoL dimensions are also related to why dental patients visit the dentist.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dental patients’ reasons to visit the dentist fit the four OHRQoL dimensions Oral Function , Orofacial Pain , Orofacial Appearance , and Psychosocial Impact .

Materials and Methods

Participants.

We targeted a convenience sample of international dentists, representing all six World Health Organization (WHO) regions with at least three countries per region. The WHO regions are (i) African Region, (ii) Region of the Americas, (iii) South-East Asia Region, (iv) European Region, (v) Eastern Mediterranean Region, and (vi) Western Pacific Region. To cover dental patients globally (through their dentists) was a major objective for this study.

Dentists from 32 countries participated. Each of the 32 countries was represented by one dentist, whom we called the “center dentist.” Center dentists were known to the first or the last author of the article or recommended by other center dentists. After the study was explained to them, we asked them to recruit at least ten dentists from their country to complete the web-based survey. They also received weekly reports on how many colleagues provided study data. Inclusion criteria for participating dentists were that they should be able to read and respond to an English-language questionnaire, and they should have treated dental patients in the past year. A total number of 1,580 dentists from 32 countries participated in the study.

Web-based survey about patients’ oral health problems

Data were collected with an anonymous electronic survey in the English language between June 10, 2017, and July 27, 2018. The questionnaire about patients’ oral health problems consisted of three main questions:

The patients visited me because of [% of patients]:

  • Impaired oral function (eating, chewing, talking, etc.)
  • Pain (dental, oral, facial, etc.)
  • Impaired dental, oral, or facial appearance
  • Broader psychosocial impacts/distress because of their oral health situation

(if dentists responded here, they were asked to write down the most important problem, which does not fit into any of the four listed categories Function, Pain, Appearance, Psychosocial Impact)

How many patients came because of [number of patients]?

They visited me because they wanted to prevent [% of patients]:

  • Other problems not mentioned above (if dentists responded here, they were asked to write down the most important problem, which does not fit into any of the four listed categories (Function, Pain, Appearance, Psychosocial Impact)

Dentists were also asked for demographic and professional characteristics:

  • a country where dentist currently works (grouped in the six WHO regions)
  • years since graduation from a school of dentistry
  • whether the majority of patients came to visit the dentist because of current suffering
  • whether the majority of patients were referred by other dentists
  • whether the dentist was the general/primary dentist for the majority of his/her patients
  • fields where dentist regularly diagnoses and treats patients ((i) Restorative Dentistry (including Endodontics and Prosthodontics), (ii) Periodontics, (iii) Oral and/or Maxillofacial Surgery, (iv) Pediatric Dentistry, (v) Orthodontics, (vi) Oral Medicine and/or Temporomandibular Disorders)

The questionnaire was generated using Qualtrics software. All questions asked for mutually exclusive responses, except for question No 8 about the dental fields. Study participants received the electronic link to the questionnaire, and their anonymous responses were collected online. Dentists could use several attempts to complete the survey, but only complete response sets were analyzed. The entire questionnaire can be found in the web appendix .

Data Analysis

The proportion of patients with problems related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact, also called four-dimensional (4D) oral health problems (and often simply referred to as 4D problems), was derived by summing the first four response categories in question 1, 2, or 3.

The proportion of 4D problems among recent patients who suffered from oral diseases (question 2) and a proportion of 4D problems among patients who wanted to prevent this suffering in the future (question 3) were the study’s main outcomes. The proportion of all patients with current 4D problems (question 1) was used for validation analyses.

First, we calculated these proportions. Second, we took dentists’ free-text responses into account and recalculated proportions. The reported free-text problems were checked whether they represented current patient suffering or not and whether they represented a 4D problem or not. When dentists mentioned a combination of problems, e.g., “Function and esthetics”, we only consider the first problem, in this case “Function.” Then, the proportions were changed accordingly. Three authors (MTJ, KRS, SS) independently performed these assessments. Third, we considered two factors when calculating the proportions: WHO region (where the dental care was provided - demographic question No. 1 was categorized into the six WHO regions) and dental field (what dental care was provided for the patients - demographic/professional characteristics question No 8 about the dental fields).

We graphically presented the results using stacked bar charts for all patients and stratified them also by WHO region or dental field. For the analysis of current patients’ suffering, using Stata 7 software with maximum likelihood estimation with adaptive quadrature, we performed mixed-effects logistic regression analyses. 8 The analysis was used to model the binary outcome variable (4D problem yes/no) with 15,800 patients nested within 1,580 dentists, assuming a dentist-level random effect which considered the interdependencies among patients seen by the same dentists. We estimated three models. While model #1 was a null model with no predictor variables in the fixed part and a random variance component for dentists, model #2 and #3 presented estimates for dental field or WHO region as predictor variables (both variables used as indicators variables) in the fixed part model and a random variance component for dentists. Using the models, we obtained predicted probabilities of a positive response, i.e., the patient has a 4D problem. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) described the proportion of between cluster (dentist) variation in the total variation.

For the analysis of patients preventing future suffering, we performed linear regression analyses with bootstrap standard errors (1,000 replications). Bootstrapping is a distribution-independent method to derive standard errors. 9 Including 1,065 dentists who provided preventive interventions for their patients, we estimated a model without any predictor variable and two other models with WHO region or dental field as predictor variables (both variables were used as indicator variables).

In validation analyses, we studied how well findings for dentists’ ten most recent patients approximated findings for all patients. A Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated and “large” effect sizes (r=0.5 and larger), according to guidelines for Cohen’s r, were expected. 10

Ethical approval

The study was submitted to the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of Minnesota, USA. The IRB determined (IRB ID: STUDY00000864) that “the proposed activity is not research involving human subjects as defined by DHHS (Department of Health and Human Services) and FDA (Federal Drug Administration) regulations since the questions are about a dental practice.”

Participant characteristics

In this global survey, 1,580 dentists from 32 countries participated ( Table 1 ). Slightly more female dentists participated. Dentists were typically around 40 years of age with two-thirds of dentists being between 30 and 50 years of age. Approximately half of the dentists had practiced dentistry for ten years or less. Dentists were typically the primary dentists for their patients, and the majority of patients were not referred to them for treatment. One-third of the dentists responded that their patients visited them only when they currently suffer from an oral health problem. Typically, dentists were active in multiple dental fields with restorative dentistry being the most frequent field of dentistry, in which more than two-thirds of the dentists performed diagnosis and treatment. The European Region was represented by the highest number of dentists with slightly more than 60% of all participating dentists coming from this region. On average, a participating country contributed 49 dentists to the project with four countries (Slovenia, Austria, Saudi-Arabia, and Italy), contributing more than 100 participants per country.

Characteristics of the 1,580 participating dentists

Patients suffering currently from oral health problems

The vast majority of the dentists (78%, n=1,237), reported that all their recent patients’ suffering was related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact ( Figure 2 , left panel).

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Number [out of 10] of dental patients per dental practice with a current four-dimensional oral health problem [left panel] and distribution of oral health problems related to function [dark grey], pain [light grey], appearance [light blue], psychosocial impact [green], and other reasons [red] for 15,800 international patients and stratified by dental field and WHO region [right panel]

Among patients with current suffering ( Figure 2 , right panel), 14,951 of the 15,800 (95%) patients had a 4D problem (for results by country, see web appendix Table 1 ). Taking into account that patients were clustered in dentists, the model-derived probability of a 4D oral problem was 96%. The ICC was 0.69, which means that slightly more than two-thirds of the total variation of the outcome was due to variation between dentists.

When the free-text responses given by the dentists as an explanation for “other” oral health problems were analyzed, the model-derived probability of a 4D problem increased to 99%, and the ICC increased to 0.90. Among the 343 free-text responses, 30% were too vague to be confidently interpreted as to whether the “other” oral health problem represented indeed current suffering not covered by the four OHRQoL dimensions. However, none of these vague free-text responses contained evidence contradicting the four dimensions as the concepts that capture dental patients’ suffering. That is, while some “other” oral health problems were only vaguely described, all these problems could potentially be related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact. When the free-text responses were independently assessed by another expert (sensitivity analysis), the model-derived probability of a 4D problem was almost identical.

When dental field or WHO region was included in two statistical models, model-derived probabilities were 94% or higher for 4D problems in any dental field or any WHO region. All results were precise with widths of 95% confidence intervals for predicted probabilities of 5% or less.

In a validation analysis, the correlations between recent patients’ and all patients’ problems related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact were “large” (range: 0.62 to 0.81). We interpreted these results as evidence that a dentist’s recent patients seemed to be similar to all patients as far as their oral health problems were concerned.

Patients intending to prevent future suffering from oral health problems

About two-thirds of the 1,580 dentists (n=1,065), provided preventive oral health care. Among them, more than 80% (n=889) mentioned that all their patients’ future oral health problems were related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact ( Figure 3 ).

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Eleven proportion brackets of patients intending to prevent a future 4D problem among all preventive patients per dental practice [left panel]. Distribution of oral health problems related to function [dark grey], pain [light grey], appearance [light blue], psychosocial impact [green], and other reasons [red] these patients intended to prevent for 1,065 international dentists and stratified by dental field and WHO region [right panel]

The vast majority of problems patients wanted to prevent by visiting their dentists (92%) was a 4D problem (for results by country, see web appendix Table 2 ). When experts assessed free-text responses, this number increased to 98%. When adjusted for the dental field and WHO region, all model-derived probabilities of a 4D problem for any dental field and any WHO region were 90% and higher. All results were precise with widths of 95% confidence intervals for predicted probabilities of 7% or less.

Patients’ reasons why they seek oral health care align very well with the four dimensions of OHRQoL. The findings confirm the validity of OHRQoL as a comprehensive concept that captures the patient’s oral health suffering and supports the OHRQoL dimensions as the primary building blocks within the umbrella concept OHRQoL.

According to 1,580 dentists from 32 countries from all WHO world regions, approximately 95% of their patients’ oral health problems fell into the four OHRQoL dimensions. Neither practice profile of the dentist, i.e., what type of dental care the dentist provided, nor where the dentist (and patients) were from, changed these findings. Findings indicate that OHRQoL dimensions were, not unexpectedly, a global concept for oral health.

When oral health problems mentioned by the participating dentists as being “other problems,” i.e., problems not falling into the four dimensions, were re-assessed by two experts, this percentage increased to 99%. While some dentists’ responses were too vague to be confidently evaluated as belonging to the four dimensions or not, these vague responses, such as “complex patients,” did not provide any evidence against the four dimensions. Again, findings indicated that the four OHRQoL dimensions are, not unexpected, a broad concept describing dental patient’s oral health.

Overall, these findings support that the four OHRQoL dimensions are the underlying framework of patients’ oral health problems caused by oral diseases, regardless of whether patients visited the dentist due to current oral health suffering or because they want to prevent future suffering from oral diseases.

Literature findings that dental patients’ suffering falls into the four OHRQoL dimensions

Our survey study design recruited international dentists to report their patients’ oral health problems. This study design was not used before to investigate this research question. However, it is not unusual to study international dentists. The World Dental Federation (FDI) performs such surveys regularly targeting international dentists. 11 In addition to organized dentistry, researchers like us used global surveys to provide a perspective about topics such as the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health 12 or its Health Children and Youth version (ICF-CY.) 13

The uniqueness of our research question paired with a particular international survey design limits the comparability of our results. However, the approach to use experts to assign items (in our case, patients’ oral health problems) to oral health attributes (in our case, OHRQoL dimensions) has been applied frequently. For the 49-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) the two OHIP instrument authors originally grouped the questionnaire’s 49 items, i.e., patient problems, into seven domains ( Functional limitation, Physical disability, Psychological discomfort, Physical disability, Psychological disability, Social disability, and Handicap ). 14 Later, when 14 health care experts tried to replicate these findings, they found only four dimensions were needed to account for all OHIP items when assigning OHIP items to each of the original seven domains. 15 For this group of experts, it could also be shown that a stable problem-to-dimensions assignment in a test-retest part of the study was achieved, indicating that experts agreed and that item-attribute assignment is not arbitrary. 15 However, how consistent this assignment is across experts and for experts’ repeated assignment over time is typically not studied. For example, when the instruments assessing dental Patient-Reported Outcomes (dPROs), also called dental Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures (dPROMs) 1 , were comprehensively identified and analyzed in two systematic reviews, 16 , 17 the review authors concluded that many questionnaire developers just assigned items to domains or dimensions without a more formal analysis. Obviously, for these dPROMs, authors relied on their clinical expertise for item assignment. When analyses were performed, most often factor analysis -a technique revealing the unobserved structure underlying the variation of observed questionnaire variables and their interrelationships 18 - was used to investigate how individual questionnaire items, often patient’s oral health problems, are related to dimensions of the targeted construct.

Dimensions of OHRQoL – a comprehensive set of major patient problems

The finding that the four OHRQoL dimensions work well as a grouping for dental patients’ concern is not surprising. The OHRQoL dimensions were studied in several previous studies using the OHIP. The OHIP is the instrument with the largest number of OHRQoL items, and thus being able to characterize patients’ oral health problems most comprehensively. This instrument is also the most widely used OHRQoL instrument, as dentists and researchers find it to be the best fit for their patients’ or research subjects’ oral health problems. Different methodological approaches such as exploratory factor analysis, 4 confirmatory factor analysis, 5 validation analyses 6 , correlation analyses 19 all support OHRQoL dimensions as the major attributes underlying the patient’s oral health experience. Even for multi-item dPROMs, in general, this seems to be the case. In two recent systematic reviews, the four OHRQoL dimensions were the major attributes measured by 53 oral health-generic 16 as well as 103 oral health-specific dPROMs. 17 That international dental patients’ oral health problems fit these dimensions as well, was expected; however, the clear findings using a different methodological approach compared to previous OHRQoL dimension studies provides strong confirmatory evidence for the concept of OHRQoL dimensions.

Strengths and limitations

This study has several strengths. The sample size of participating international dentists was large, and the number of 32 participating countries was substantial. All WHO regions were represented by a minimum of three countries. The three most populous countries were included and, except for Canada, the seven largest countries in the world were included. The number of 10 patients per dentist and the number of 32 countries are based on feasibility and sample size calculation. Less than 250 patients (without taking into account that they are clustered within dentists) allow estimation of a proportion of 0.80 with a 95% confidence interval width of 0.1.

This study also has limitations. Our three questions’ five response options were mutually exclusive, i.e., the dentist could only choose one answer. Reflecting the clinical reality that patients often present with multiple problems of equal importance, many dentists mentioned such combinations of oral health problems, e.g., “function and esthetics”, and reported them as “other” oral health problems. Because we aimed to study only the patients’ primary problems to not exceed 100% as the sum of the five categories, we only considered the first of several mentioned problems in our analysis of corrected responses.

We were not able to calculate a response rate for the participating dentists because we assured them that their responses were anonymous and that we did not even know whether they participated or not because we did not ask center dentists to report the number of invited dentists. If study participation were related to the prevalence of 4D problems, our findings would be biased. We believe this situation is unlikely because we did not identify any factor, including the dentist’s sociodemographic characteristics, that were relevantly related to prevalence of 4D problems (results not shown).

We used a convenience sample of countries and within a particular country, a convenience sample of dentists. While convenience samples are more prone to bias than random or large consecutive samples, it seems unlikely that our sampling strategies substantially biased the finding that dental patients’ problems fit into the four OHRQoL dimensions. From a clinical point of view, the distribution of patients’ dimensional oral health problems varies by dental field, e.g., more patients with appearance problems visit orthodontists than other dentists or more patients with orofacial pain problems visit TMD and Orofacial Pain specialists than other dentists. While a particular dimension of dental patient suffering may be more frequent in a particular setting, we did not see any reason why the cumulative proportion of all dimensions should vary across settings. This clinically plausible statement is supported by the multivariable analysis in this study. Neither WHO region, i.e., where patients came from nor dental field, i.e., what treatments were performed for patients, influenced OHRQoL dimensions’ coverage of patients’ oral health problems. The cumulative proportion of all dimensional problems was relatively constant.

Finally, we did not ask patients directly about their reasons why they visited the dentist. Instead we used an indirect approach asking dentists about their patients’ reasons, assuming dentists know their patients’ oral health problems. Both approaches should provide the same answer. In fact, dental patients were asked about their oral health problems in previous research studies. For example, OHIP developers asked patients and recorded their experiences of dental disorders” in Australia 14 and other researchers repeated this approach in de novo instrument developments of the OHIP in Germany, 20 Japan, 21 Malaysia, 22 and Saudi-Arabia. 23 A remarkable similarity of patient problems across these different cultures was found. When such international OHIP data were analyzed with latent variable analyses, as discussed above, OHIP data had four dimensions – a finding attesting to the complementarity of studying patient’s oral health problems directly by asking patients or indirectly by asking dentists about their patients.

Implications

The four OHRQoL dimensions Oral Function , Orofacial Pain , Orofacial Appearance , and Psychosocial Impact offer a robust and practical framework for oral health care and research, identifying what is important to patients. Consequently, the level of a patient suffering in these four areas needs to be quantified with psychometrically sound dPROMs by deriving a score. After applying oral interventions, the change in scores would represent the treatment effect of the interventions. The treatment that reduces patient suffering the most (or prevents the suffering from occurring) would be the preferred treatment for the patient in an evidence-based dentistry framework. Such general principles of providing optimal care for patients that emphasize the importance of four-dimensional dPROMs have been already pointed out in dental fields such as prosthodontics 24 and orthodontics. 25 Value-based oral health care, relating treatment outcomes to costs, also relies on dPROM scores. 26

The four OHRQoL dimensions and their measures, e.g., the OHIP-5 27 , 28 - a practical five-item tool applicable in all practice and research settings - are essential for global evidence-based dentistry, that is, applying oral interventions that work best for dental patients.

Oral Function , Orofacial Pain , Orofacial Appearance , and Psychosocial Impact capture dental patients’ oral health problems worldwide and regardless of whether the patient currently suffers from oral diseases or intends to prevent them in the future.

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Countries participating in the study (N=32, in blue) from six World Health Organization regions

Supplementary Material

Acknowledgments.

We thank Ms. Kathleen M. Patka, Executive Office and Administrative Specialist, Division of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, for proofreading the manuscript.

The research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health, USA, under the Award Numbers R01DE022331 and R01DE028059.

List of Abbreviations:

Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Declarations of interest:

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LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH TEACHERS

Visiting the dentist.

visit to the dentist artinya

Level: Intermediate (B1-B2)

Type of English: General English

Tags: health and wellbeing visiting the doctor/dentist/vet Situation based

Publication date: 29/11/2016

In this dialogue-aided lesson plan, students learn a variety of words and expressions for describing dental equipment and communicating with a dentist in English.

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In this dialogue-aided lesson plan, students learn a variety of words and expressions for describing dental equipment and talking with a dentist.

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The Dentist — a short story for English reading

visit to the dentist artinya

Michael hates going to the dentist.

And today is no different.

But he has some work to do on his teeth.

Today though, the dentist introduces a brand-new painkiller. It could be just the thing that Michael needs.

Check out my short story, The Dentist, which comes with a full and complete lesson plan that you can use in your English class today.

Take a look below… And tell me what you think.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Do you like to go to the dentist? Why/why not?

What do you dislike about going to the dentist?

What is a psychopath?

Could a dentist be a psychopath? What if he was?

The Dentist

Michael hated it.

He hated sitting in the chair and feeling helpless. The bright light above his head and the clean, hygienic walls that surrounded him.

It all made him feel incredibly uneasy.

“Michael, I can assure you, there is nothing to worry about,” said Mr Crane. He wore his dentist’s white coat and had perfect white teeth. He gazed back at Michael with a relaxed air. Like there was nothing to worry about.

It was all right for him. He wasn’t sitting in the chair. He was not about to have treatment for a new crown to be fitted.

Michael shifted his weight in the chair and grimaced.

“I’m sorry about last time,” he said. “It’s just a stupid fear I have.”

“Fear of going to the dentist?” asked Mr Crane. “Don’t worry about it. I get this all the time from patients.”

He leaned forward. “Some are a lot of trouble, I can assure you.”

He gave Michael an encouraging smile.

This did nothing for Michael’s nerves. He would rather be anywhere else than in this dentist’s chair. He could accept the pain in his tooth. That was much better than sitting here, while Mr Crane drilled into the offending tooth.

“Michael, I have something I want to show you,” said Mr Crane, going to a small tray to the side of the room. He turned and picked up a small glass vial. He raised it to show to Michael. It was filled with a clear liquid.

“This is a new anaesthetic on the market,” he went on. “It is brand new, and only my private students are allowed to have it. The company that makes it wants it to be very secret.”

Mr Crane sat on the stool next to Michael and looked down at him. “But this is an incredible formula. It is probably the best pain-killer on the market.”

The dentist continued to hold Michael’s gaze. “Would you like to try it?”

“I- I don’t want to be any trouble,” said Michael.

But his eyes were fixed on the small vial held between Mr Crane’s finger and thumb.

“It’s no trouble at all,” said Mr Crane. He leaned forward and lowered his voice. “Our little secret.”

The thought of being given something so powerful that he would not experience any pain at all sent a calm, soothing feeling through Michael’s nerves. He could feel himself relaxing as if he were already under the influence of the new painkiller.

“Are you sure?” asked Michael.

“No problem,” said Mr Crane.

Michael lay back in the chair while Mr Crane filled the syringe from the tiny bottle. He hummed a small tune as he did it and Michael recognised it as a popular song that was on the radio.

Through the window, he could make out normal life carrying on outside. He heard a bus drive by and the sound of a bell on a bicycle.

People’s voices and children laughing.

Everything was fine. There was nothing to worry about at all.

“Shall we?” said Mr Crane, and he raised the syringe in front of him.

Michael nodded. He would pass by all this pain and torture and not feel a thing. He was so happy. So relieved.

Mr Crane leaned forward. “You’ll just feel a little jab as the needle goes in. Then, nothing to worry about.”

Michael tensed as the needle entered his gum. Yes, very uncomfortable, and ice-cold, but in a few minutes nothing but deep relaxation.

“All done,” said Mr Crane. “I’ll be back in a few minutes and we can begin.”

Michael lay deeper into the chair and half-closed his eyes. The muscles of his arms, legs, his entire body felt relaxed. A warm soothing feeling washed over him and he felt as if all the worries and anxieties he had ever experienced left him for good.

His body was so relaxed that all he could do was breathe. He tried to lift the little finger of his right hand and it felt as if it moved a little but he couldn’t be sure. He forgot about it and allowed the dream-like quality of the anaesthetic to wash over him.

A little nagging thought tapped at his inner-most mind and he tried to move his little finger again.

It felt as if it moved but he could not feel it really move. It was like he imagined it moving only.

He went to move his head to the right to see his hand more clearly. He could not.

A small jab of tension cleared his mind a little, and he tried again. Nothing.

He could not move his head at all.

He took a deep breath of air into his lungs and automatically tried to lift both of his hands. But they stayed on the armrests of the chair like they were glued there.

No resistance. No feeling.

He simply could not move his arms or head at all.

He kicked out, and neither foot moved.

Michael sucked in a chest full of air and went to call out to Mr Crane. No sound came.

He could not move. And he had lost the power to make any sound.

He was paralysed. Stuck to the chair, but wide awake.

A shadow appeared beside him.

“We should be about ready by now,” said Mr Crane.

His voice sounded like an echo and far away.

And where was the nurse? The dental assistant?

There was usually a young woman helping. It was just him and Mr Crane. Why was he alone with him?

The dentist’s face loomed up in front of Michael.

“Shall we see if this new drug has taken effect yet?” he asked.

He had a bright, shiny scalpel in his hand.

Michael tried to scream but no sound came. He just lay in the chair unable to move.

Mr Crane opened Michael’s mouth and jabbed the scalpel against his tongue. A dagger of pain soared through Michael’s mouth and into his brain.

Inside his head, he let out a scream.

“ Let’s get to work then,” said Mr Crane, closing the blind of the window.

Reading Comprehension Questions

Where is Michael?

How does he feel being there?

What specific aspects of the dentist’s office make Michael uneasy?

Describe Mr Crane’s demeanour as a dentist.

What is Michael’s concern regarding his dental treatment?

What does Mr Crane think about Michael’s feelings? What expression does he use to try to calm him?

Is this Michael’s first visit to see Mr Crane?

Where does Michael want to be instead?

What does Mr Crane show Michael?

Does Mr Crane want Michael to try the new anaesthetic?

What kind of patients usually use this anaesthetic?

Why does Michael agree to try the new anaesthetic?

What can Michael hear outside the window?

How does Michael feel immediately after Mr Crane gives him the injection?

What effect does the anaesthetic have on Michael’s body and mind?

What part of his body does Michael try to move?

What does he try to move next?

Describe Michael’s initial reaction when he realizes he can’t move.

Why does Michael become increasingly panicked?

How does Michael attempt to communicate his distress?

What was Michael’s first clue that something might be wrong with Mr Crane’s intentions?

Is there a nurse to help the dentist?

What actions does Mr Crane take after Michael’s paralysis becomes apparent?

What realization dawns upon Michael about the situation?

What does Mr Crane have in his hand?

What does he do with this object?

What is Michael’s reaction?

How does Mr Crane react to Michael’s initial attempts to move and call out?

What does Mr Crane do next after realizing the drug has taken effect?

What does Mr Crane do next?

Why does Mr Crane close the blind of the window?

True or False

Go over all the sentences below and say if they are true or false.

The correct answers can be found at the end of the lesson plan.

Michael is at the dentist.

Michael loves going to the dentist.

Michael feels comfortable and at ease while sitting in the dentist’s chair.

Mr Crane wears a white coat and has perfect white teeth.

Michael’s fear of going to the dentist is uncommon and rarely experienced by other patients.

Mr Crane doesn’t know Michael.

Michael needs a new filling for his tooth.

Mr Crane shows Michael a little vial.

Mr Crane introduces a new tooth cleaner to Michael.

Michael doesn’t want to try this new medicine.

It is during the daytime at the dentist’s.

Mr Crane lets Michael use the syringe on himself.

Michael feels relaxed and relieved of all worries and anxieties.

Michael can move his head and little finger after the painkiller is administered.

Michael cannot speak.

The nurse helps Mr Crane.

Mr Crane taps Michael’s gum with his finger.

Mr Crane closes the blind of the window to let more light into the room.

Michael becomes increasingly panicked and tries to scream for help.

Mr Crane expresses concern and tries to assist Michael when he realizes something is wrong.

Michael is able to call out to Mr Crane for help when he is paralysed.

Essential Vocabulary

Write down all the words and phrases in your vocabulary notebook. Look in your dictionary and find the meaning of each word. Write the definition next to each word.

Then make up your own sentences using each word or phrase.

For example:

Relaxed air — a calm and easygoing atmosphere or demeanour, promoting comfort and informality.

Scream — a noun and verb that refers to a loud and high-pitched vocal expression of intense emotion, often conveying fear, excitement, or distress.

Then write a sentence of your own that uses the new word or phrase correctly.

I entered the room of the party and was glad to see that the place had a very relaxed air.

The woman let out a scream when the man outside banged on the door.

Do this with all the vocabulary and, over time, this will help improve all your English skills — reading, writing, speaking and listening.

Discussion Questions

Have you ever had a similar experience at the dentist, where you felt nervous or uneasy? Can you share your story?

What is Michael’s feeling about going to the dentist?

Why does he feel like this?

Put yourself in Michael’s shoes. How would you feel and react if you were in his situation?

Describe the dentist, Mr Crane, and his attitude towards Michael. Does he seem like a nice person?

Has Michael been to visit Mr Crane before? What happened last time, do you think?

Is Mr Crane used to people being afraid? How do you know?

Mr Crane shows Michael a new anaesthetic. What is really in this little vial, do you think?

What do you think is the significance of the new anaesthetic being described as a “secret formula”?

Why do you think Michael decides to try the new anaesthetic despite his fear?

Why is there no nurse to help the dentist today?

Is Mr Crane a psychopath?

Or is Michael imagining it all?

Discuss the idea of trust in the story. Why does Michael initially trust Mr Crane, and how does this trust change over time?

Imagine you are one of the characters in the story — either Michael or Mr Crane. How would you describe your thoughts and feelings during the crucial moments?

What emotions and thoughts might have gone through Michael’s mind when he realized he couldn’t move or make a sound?

Why do you think Mr Crane chose to close the blind of the window before proceeding with his actions?

What do you think about this story?

Do you think it is realistic? Why/why not?

Do psychopaths live within our normal society? What do they do? What kind of jobs do they have?

This is a role play exercise.

This role has two characters:

2. Mr Crane

Take all the existing dialogue and use this as a basis for your role play.

You can add your own lines of dialogue if you wish, and you can change all the dialogue if you really want to, but in the end, you should have a complete role play to show the class.

Take some time to prepare and when you are ready, perform your role play in front of the class.

This is a survey activity.

Look at the questions below and ask these questions in class.

Try to evaluate the responses and talk about the outcomes.

For example; most people feel comfortable going to the dentist. Or; some people hate seeing the dentist.

How frequently do you visit the dentist for regular check-ups and cleanings?

What is the main reason you typically schedule a dental appointment? (e.g., routine check-up, specific dental issue, cleaning)

How do you feel about visiting the dentist? (Very comfortable, somewhat comfortable, neutral, somewhat uncomfortable, very uncomfortable)

Have you ever experienced dental anxiety or fear before a dental appointment?

If yes, can you briefly describe what aspects of visiting the dentist make you anxious or fearful?

What strategies, if any, do you use to cope with dental anxiety or fear? (e.g., deep breathing, listening to music)

How important is the demeanour and communication style of the dentist and dental staff to make you feel comfortable during your visit?

Are there specific amenities or features in a dental office that help alleviate your anxiety or make you feel more comfortable? (e.g., soothing music, comfortable waiting area)

How well-informed do you feel about the procedures and treatments your dentist recommends?

Have you ever postponed or cancelled a dental appointment due to anxiety or fear?

If yes, what could have been done differently to encourage you to keep the appointment?

How likely are you to ask questions or voice your concerns to your dentist during a visit?

Have you ever sought professional help, such as therapy or counselling, to address dental anxiety or fear?

Do you find that the overall environment and decor of the dental office influence your comfort level?

How would you rate your overall dental experience in terms of comfort and anxiety level? (Very positive, somewhat positive, neutral, somewhat negative, very negative)

Are there specific dental procedures that cause you more anxiety than others? If so, please specify.

How important are online reviews and recommendations when choosing a new dentist?

Have you ever had a particularly positive or calming experience at the dentist? If yes, could you describe it briefly?

What suggestions do you have for dental offices to create a more comfortable and anxiety-free environment for their patients?

Overall, how satisfied are you with your current dentist and the care you receive?

Quiz — Are You a Psychopath?

This is just for fun! Or maybe not… Answer all the questions and find out if you or any of your classmates are psychopaths!

1. Do you never feel fear?

2. Do other people like you a lot?

3. Do you like to act spontaneously?

4. Do you lose interest in people and new interests quickly?

5. Do you think the idea of falling in love is silly?

6. Are you good at charming others?

7. Do you think money is the most important thing in the world?

8. Do you sometimes pretend to be nice to people, even though you don’t want to?

9. Do you think you are better than others?

10. Do you have the ability to be very polite when needed?

11. Do you find other people to be a little stupid sometimes?

12. Do you get bored easily?

13. Do you get jealous of other people sometimes?

14. Do you tell many lies?

15. Do you sometimes spend money on foolish things?

16. Have you ever cheated your family or friends?

17. Do you feel indifferent when people are sad?

18. If you get caught doing something wrong, do you feel no sense of shame or guilt?

19. Are you good at manipulating and/or exploiting others to get what you want?

20. Do you think you are an aggressive person?

21. Do you have few friends in your life?

22. Do you like to take risks?

23. Do you laugh at inappropriate moments?

24. If you answer ‘Yes’ to most of the questions, then you could be a psychopath!

Now discuss in the class.

Which people answered yes to most of the questions?

Do these people seem like psychopaths to you?

This is a creative writing exercise.

You are going to write a short story. It is a continuation of the story you read at the beginning of the lesson plan. The title of the story is:

The Dentist From Hell

Use the questions below to help you come up with some ideas.

  • Does Mr Crane try to kill Michael?
  • Is the pain all inside Michael’s head? If so, why?
  • What does Mr Crane do when he finds that Michael cannot move or speak?
  • Does someone come to help Michael?

Now write your story.

When you have finished writing, you can read it out loud in front of the class.

Or hand it to your teacher for review.

You can download the full lesson plan by clicking the link below!

You can also join my mailing list by clicking the link below. I will send you new guides, articles and lesson plans when I publish them.

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2 thoughts on “the dentist — a short story for english reading”.

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I think this is a great story and an excellent topic for discussion. Going to a dentist is an inevitable experience we must all undergo and not too many people are thrilled about it! It is also en excellent opportunity to discuss fear and pain. I particularly liked the extension activities in this lesson as they opened new doorways and opportunities for additional related lessons.

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Many thanks Leona, I am glad to hear your thoughts on this lesson. I am hoping to write more of these short story lesson plans in the future as I think they could be useful for students and make learning English fun.

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IMAGES

  1. image

    visit to the dentist artinya

  2. Reasons for a Regular Dental Visit

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  3. How to Prepare Your Child for Their First Dental Visit

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  4. Most Important Reasons to Visit the Dentist

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  5. 6 Good Reasons To Visit Your Dentist More Often

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  6. Why You Should Visit a Dentist Twice a Year

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VIDEO

  1. LIVE Q&A! (Dentistry? Life? Vlogging?)

  2. Dental Extraction #jakarta #bekasi #medan

COMMENTS

  1. Google Terjemahan

    Layanan Google yang ditawarkan tanpa biaya ini dapat langsung menerjemahkan berbagai kata, frasa, dan halaman web ke bahasa Indonesia dan lebih dari 100 bahasa lainnya.

  2. DENTIST

    denude. denunciation. deny. deodorant. deodorize. depart. Terjemahan lebih lanjut di. Terjemahan untuk 'dentist' dalam kamus bahasa Indonesia gratis dan banyak terjemahan bahasa Indonesia lainnya.

  3. Apa Arti " A VISIT TO THE DENTIST " dalam Bahasa indonesia

    A visit to the dentist can also help reduce the risk of gingivitis worsening. - Kunjungan ke dokter gigi juga dapat membantu mengurangi risiko gingivitis bertambah parah. Apa Arti "A VISIT TO THE DENTIST" Dalam Bahasa Indonesia

  4. Apa Arti "VISIT THE DENTIST" Dalam Bahasa Indonesia

    Contoh penggunaan visit the dentist dalam sebuah kalimat dan terjemahannya. Visit the dentist routinely for a check-up. - Kunjungi dokter gigi secara rutin untuk pemeriksaan. bahasa inggris. bahasa indonesia. Terjemahkan. Bahasa indonesia.

  5. What to Expect at a Dentist Visit for an Adult

    You'll have fresher breath, too. When the dentist probes your teeth and checks the gums for pockets, it may hurt and bleed a bit. The pain shouldn't last long. Don't be overwhelmed if the dentist ...

  6. VISIT

    bahasa Indonesia terjemahan disediakan oleh Oxford Languages. volume_up. visit noun 1. (stay) kunjungan a visit to Lombok kunjungan ke Lombok 2. (to a house) bertamu verb 1. (museum, temple, town) mengunjungi 2. (person) bertamu we visited Auntie Koh at Christmas kami bertamu ke rumah Tante Koh pada hari Natal.

  7. PDF Module 3: "A Visit to the Dentist"

    Keep them bright, make them shine, clean the plaque away. Brush, brush, brush your teeth, brush them every day. Front, back, take off the plaque, now we smile all day. 3. Have the children draw pictures of themselves with big smiles. Display the pictures in your classroom. 4. Invite a dentist to your class. (Dental Organizations often provide a ...

  8. Dental Visits

    On your first visit to a dentist, they will take a full health history. On subsequent visits, if your health status has changed, make sure to tell them. Most dental visits are checkups. Regular checkups (ideally every six months) will help your teeth stay cleaner, last longer and can prevent painful problems from developing. A thorough cleaning.

  9. 'Go to the Dentist' or 'See a Dentist'

    2. 'Visit a Dentist' We can also use the phrases " visit a dentist " and " visit the dentist ". Visiting a dentist twice a year is a good rule of thumb for many people. An ongoing toothache is considered an urgent sign that you should visit the dentist. We can also say the noun phrase " a visit to the dentist ".

  10. Common Questions About Going to the Dentist

    You may want to call or visit more than one dentist before making your decision. Dental care is a very personalized service that requires a good relationship between the dentist and the patient. During your first visit, you should be able to determine if this is the right dentist for you. Consider the following:

  11. Definisi: visit, Arti Kata: visit

    Definisi 'visit'. the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time. a meeting arranged by the visitor to see someone (such as a doctor or lawyer) for treatment or advice. the act of visiting in an official capacity (as for an inspection) The act of visiting, or going to see a person or thing; a brief stay of business ...

  12. English phrases to use at the dentists

    I've got toothache. One of my fillings has come out. I've chipped a tooth. I'd like a clean and polish, please. Can you open your mouth, please? A little wider, please. I'm going to give you an x-ray. You've got a bit of decay in this one. You've got an abscess.

  13. First Visit to Dentist: What to Expect

    Development of a Personalized Dental Care Plan. The goal of your first visit to a new dentist's office is to give the dentist a window into your oral health so they can tailor-make a dental care plan just for you. When it comes to dentistry, dental care plans are not one size fits all. Communicating your concerns, habits, and what you hope to ...

  14. Shooting at California dentist office kills 1, injures 2

    One person is dead and two others were injured after a shooting inside a dentist office in El Cajon, California. Police are still searching for the suspect. March 1, 2024

  15. English vocabulary for going to the dentist

    Cleaning between your teeth using a thin thread, which is called a dental floss (usually also done at home) mouthwash. A liquid used for rinsing the mouth. whitening. Bleaching teeth to make them look whiter. braces. Metal or plastic wires that are attached to the teeth to push them into the correct position. dentures.

  16. Anglesey sheep helps horse through dentist trauma

    A horse survived the trauma of a recent visit to the dentist - with help from her companion sheep. Jojo, a 19-year-old shire horse mare, needed an hour's specialist treatment on her teeth last ...

  17. Suspect arrested in dental office shooting that left 1 dead, 2 injured

    Police respond to a shooting at a dental office in El Cajon, Calif., on Thursday. NBC San Diego The two injured victims — a man in his 40s and a woman in her 20s — were taken to area hospitals ...

  18. Why patients visit dentists

    The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dental patients' reasons to visit the dentist fit the four OHRQoL dimensions. Methods: Dentists (N=1,580) from 32 countries participated in a web-based survey. For their patients with current oral health problems, dentists were asked whether these problems were related to teeth, mouth, and jaws ...

  19. A visit to the dentist, Short animated story spoken in Spanish with

    A teenager does not listen to his mother and gets a toothache. He goes to the dentist. This video includes dialogues between a mother, child and dentist, boo...

  20. A Visit To The Dentist

    🌈 Watch FULL EPISODES Here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFEgnf4tmQe8H-ZV_OQ2UwuYZRLZAUoQq⚡️ Watch BRAND NEW Episodes Here: https://www.youtube.co...

  21. Canadian Dental Care Plan

    Service Canada is aware of scams targeting Canadians related to the Canadian Dental Care Plan (CDCP). If you are concerned about the legitimacy of a letter you received regarding CDCP, you can contact 1-833-537-4342 (TTY: 1-833-677-6262). The Canadian Dental Care Plan (CDCP) will help ease financial ...

  22. Visiting the dentist: ESL/EFL Lesson Plan and Worksheet

    Type of English: General English. Tags: health and wellbeing visiting the doctor/dentist/vet Situation based. Publication date: 29/11/2016. In this dialogue-aided lesson plan, students learn a variety of words and expressions for describing dental equipment and communicating with a dentist in English. Share this audio.

  23. Visit to the dentist (5-2) Crossword Clue

    The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Visit to the dentist (5 2)", 7 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue.

  24. PDF A visit to the dentist

    25 minutes. Introduction. In this visiting the dentist worksheet, students learn and practice vocabulary associated with going to the dentist. Procedure. Give each student a copy of the two-page worksheet. First, students read a text about a visit to the dentist. Next, students answer comprehension questions about the text in their own words.

  25. The Dentist

    Michael is at the dentist. Michael loves going to the dentist. Michael feels comfortable and at ease while sitting in the dentist's chair. Mr Crane wears a white coat and has perfect white teeth. Michael's fear of going to the dentist is uncommon and rarely experienced by other patients. Mr Crane doesn't know Michael.

  26. Child's First Trip To The Dentist

    Detailed description of a child's first visit to the dentist. Hygienist Kathy from Livonia Dental Group in Livonia MI with a wealth of knowledge to parents ...

  27. A Visit to the Dentist

    A Visit to the Dentist is a module that aims to facilitate the teaching of dental hygiene and ease anxiety faced by persons with disabilities during dental v...