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What Are the 8 National Organizations in Hospitality and Tourism?

By Alice Nichols

If you’re interested in hospitality and tourism, there are several national organizations that you should know about. These organizations provide valuable resources and networking opportunities for professionals in the industry. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the eight national organizations in hospitality and tourism.

1. American Hotel & Lodging Association (AH&LA)

The American Hotel & Lodging Association (AH&LA) is a trade association that represents the hotel industry. It was founded in 1910 and has over 27,000 members. The AH&LA provides advocacy, education, and research to its members.

2. National Restaurant Association (NRA)

The National Restaurant Association (NRA) is a trade association that represents the restaurant industry. It was founded in 1919 and has over 500,000 members. The NRA provides advocacy, education, and research to its members.

3. International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA)

The International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA) is a trade association that represents the amusement park and attractions industry. It was founded in 1918 and has over 6,000 members. The IAAPA provides advocacy, education, and networking opportunities to its members.

4. Destination Marketing Association International (DMAI)

The Destination Marketing Association International (DMAI) is a trade association that represents destination marketing organizations worldwide. It was founded in 1914 and has over 600 members from around the world. The DMAI provides advocacy, education, research, and networking opportunities to its members.

5. Meeting Professionals International (MPI)

Meeting Professionals International (MPI) is a trade association that represents meeting planners around the world. It was founded in 1972 and has over 18,500 members. The MPI provides education, networking opportunities, and professional development to its members.

6. Society for Incentive Travel Excellence (SITE)

The Society for Incentive Travel Excellence (SITE) is a global organization that represents incentive travel professionals. It was founded in 1973 and has over 2,000 members from around the world. The SITE provides education, networking opportunities, and professional development to its members.

7. Professional Convention Management Association (PCMA)

The Professional Convention Management Association (PCMA) is a trade association that represents convention and meeting planners around the world. It was founded in 1957 and has over 6,500 members from around the world. The PCMA provides education, networking opportunities, and professional development to its members.

8. Hospitality Sales and Marketing Association International (HSMAI)

The Hospitality Sales and Marketing Association International (HSMAI) is a trade association that represents sales and marketing professionals in the hospitality industry. It was founded in 1927 and has over 5,000 members from around the world. The HSMAI provides education, research, and networking opportunities to its members.

In conclusion

These eight national organizations play an important role in the hospitality and tourism industry by providing resources for professionals in various areas of the industry such as hotels, restaurants, attractions, meetings/events planning, destination marketing organizations, incentive travel planning, convention planning, sales/marketing etc.. Whether you’re just starting out or have been working in the industry for years, joining one or more of these organizations can help you stay up-to-date on industry trends while also providing valuable networking opportunities with other professionals in your field.

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The 3 types of travel and tourism organisations

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There are many different types of travel and tourism organisations. From tour operators to airlines, to tourist boards and conservation activists, each organisation is different. However, most travel and tourism organisations can be grouped into one of three categories: private, public or voluntary. In this article I will explain what’s meant by each type of thew types of travel and tourism organisations.

Types of travel and tourism organisations

What is a private travel and tourism organisation, aims of private travel and tourism organisations, tour operators, travel agents, transport organisations and hubs, visitor attractions, accommodation providers, what is a public travel and tourism organisation, aims of public travel and tourism organisations, tourist information centres, tourist boards, local transport organisations, regulatory bodies, government bodies, what is a voluntary travel and tourism organisation, aims of voluntary travelled tourism organisations, pressure groups, types of travel and tourism organisations: to conclude, further reading.

Travel and tourism is big business and there are many different types of travel and tourism organisations. Many argue that the tourism industry is the biggest industry in the world, employing more people than any other industry! There are many different components of tourism , meaning that there are a wide range of organisations that are involved in the operational logistics of tourism management.

The types of travel and tourism organisations can be broadly separated into one of three categories: private, public and voluntary. Below, I will explain what is meant by each type of organisation.

Types of travel and tourism organisations

Private travel and tourism organisations

The first, and most common, types of travel and tourism organisations are privately owned. The majority of the travel and tourism industry is made up of private travel and tourism organisations. This includes many of the well-known companies that most of us are familiar with.

A private organisation is one that is owned by an individual person, a group of people or company.

Sometimes private organisations are public limited companies (PLCs). This means that the company is owned by many people who buy shares in the organisation. These shares are sold on the stock market. The price of shares goes up and down depending on the market value of the company.

Private travel and tourism organisations come in all shapes and sizes. Some are small companies, often known as small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Others are large companies, multinational companies and conglomerates.

Staff who work for a private travel and tourism organisation are generally paid a salary. Although travel and tourism salaries are often quite low, especially in developing countries!

These types of travel and tourism organisations have several aims. First and foremost, most private organisations aim to make a profit. Their most dominant motive is making money.

Many private travel and tourism organisations will also aim to increase their market share. This means that the company wants more customers than its competitors.

Private companies will often aim to grow their business and increase their turnover each year. In other words, they want to make more and more money every year.

Increasing revenue can be difficult and complicated. The infographic below gives you some idea of the aspects that need to be considered by a travel and tourism organisation when planning for growth and development.

Image is an important part of being a successful travel and tourism business. Private organisations will often try to portray a good image and/or improve their image. They can do this through taking on social projects , demonstrating a commitment to environmental conservation or through charitable acts.

This is often referred to as corporate social responsibility.

Types of travel and tourism organisations

Another way that private travel and tourism organisations can make more money and increase their profit is to diversify the range of products and services that they offer. In other words, the more different products/services that they sell, the more customers that they can potentially attract.

Examples of private travel and tourism organisations

There are many different private types of travel and tourism organisations. In fact, most organisations in the travel and tourism industry are privately owned! Below are some examples:

A tour operator is an organisations who puts together, or builds, a holiday.

There are many tour operators all over the world in all shapes and sizes. You may be familiar with some of the larger brands, such as TUI and Hays Travel.

A travel agent is the person who sells you a holiday. They can also sell individual travel products, such as flights or ancillaries (e.g. insurance, car hire, attraction tickets). There are several different types of travel agents .

Examples of travel agents that you may be familiar with include Cooperative Travel, Crystal Corporate and Virgin Holidays.

Transport is a key component of tourism and there are different methods of transport depending on the holiday.

A hub is a connecting point, where passengers may change transport options. For examples major airports bus station or a railway station.

Examples of major transport operators that you may be familiar with includes British Airways, Virgin Trains and Mega Bus.

Examples of major hubs include London Heathrow Airport, London Waterloo train station and London Victoria bus station.

Do you enjoy learning about travel and tourism? Follow my stories on Instagram for more on tourism theory and everyday travelling fun!

Many, but not all, visitor attractions are private travel and tourism organisations.

The types of visitor attractions vary widely, from theme parks to botanic gardens to historical buildings.

Examples of private visitor attractions that you may have heard of includes Disney Land, Paris, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt and the Brighton Sea Life Centre.

Most accommodatio providers are privately owned.

There are many different types of accommodations ranging from bed and breakfast to caravans to hotels.

Accommodation providers that you may be familiar with include Hilton Hotel, Travel Lodge and Airbnb. Airbnb is a major player in the tourism industry in recent years- you can learn all about this business (and get a discount off of your first booking!) in this article- what is Airbnb?

Public travel and tourism organisations

Public travel and tourism organisations make up an important part of the travel and tourism industry . Public organisations provide many of the essentials fundamentals that enable the tourism industry to function. These types of travel and tourism organisations are less common than private organisations, but are an important part of the travel and tourism industry.

These types of travel and tourism organisations is an organisation that is owned or funded by the government.

Public organisations can be local organisations, i.e. smaller companies theatre based in specific local areas. Public organisations can also be national organisations, i.e. they operate on a country-wide level.

Public travel and tourism organisations will likely have paid staff as well as volunteers, who are unpaid.

The main aim of these types of travel and tourism organisations is to provide services to the public.

Public organisations are allocated funding by the government. The amount of funding that is allocated to a particular area depends on a number of factors, including a needs assessment and the government budget.

Each year the government will decide where and how to allocate money that is raised largely through taxes. You can learn more about how this is done in the short video clip below.

Public organisations should ensure that the best level of service is maintained. However, public organisations often have limited funds compared to private organisations. Therefore service levels are often lower in public organisations theatre directly comparable with private organisations (i.e. they are the same type of business operating in a similar way).

Unlike private organisations, public travel and tourism organisations are not profit-driven. Whilst many organisations do need to make money to survive, their main focus is not profit, but instead is the level of service. This means that prices can be kept lower for consumers.

Privatisation in travel and tourism Privatisation is a controversial topic within the tourism industry and beyond. Privatisation is the process of selling public organisations to private companies. By selling public organisations, the government can raise money and focus their efforts in alternate areas. However, this means that the government no longer have control over aspects such as pricing and service quality. There are many examples of privatisation in the travel and tourism industry. In the UK, British Airways was improved considerably when privatised- under government control the airline was about to fold. On the other hand, since much of British Rail has been sold to private companies prices have risen significantly and there is a lot of dissatisfaction amongst consumers with regards to service levels.

Types of travel and tourism organisations

When public organisations make profit, the intention is that this money is reinvested. The money may be reinvested directly into the same business. Alternatively, the money may be allocated elsewhere within the annual government budget.

Examples of public travel and tourism organisations

Public organisations are some of the most important types of travel and tourism organisations. They are often the backbone of the rest of the industry, without which it could not operate. Below are some examples of public travel and tourism organisations.

A tourist information centre (TCI) is an organisation that provides information to tourists.

Tourist information centres will often be located in tourist areas such as towns and cities and coastal destinations. They are also typically found at airports or major transport hubs.

Tourist information centres often provide free information such as maps, apps, brochures and leaflets about tourism in the area.

A tourist board is an organisation whose responsibility is to provide information about and promote a particular tourist area.

Tourist boards can be regional or national. Their job is to encourage tourism in the are within which they are based.

Tourist boards that you may have heard of in the UK include Visit Britain (the national tourist board), Visit Cornwall and Visit Oxford (regional tourist boards).

There are some visitor attractions theatre publicly owned.

In the UK, we have many museums and exhibitions theatre public organisations. The government subsidises entrance costs at some of the public tourist attractions.

By keeping a tourist attractions as a public organisation it enables protection and preservation of the area and of the attraction itself.It also enables sustainable tourism management by assessing capacity levels and visitor numbers.

Public tourist attractions that you may have heard of include the Natural History Museum in London, the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Great Wall of China .

Many transport providers are publicly owned.

Buses, trains and airports are often public organisations. Although, as I previously stated, sometimes these are privatised.

By keeping public transport publicly owned it generally enables prices to stay lower, although the service may be inferior to private transport companies, who may choose to investor money into their products and services in anticipation of greater financial outcomes.

A regulatory body is an organisation with the purpose of regulating. These organisations will monitor and assess, imposing requirements and rules as needed. Regulatory bodies set standards and enforce compliance.

Regulatory bodies in the UK include the Bank of England and the Financial Policy Committee.

A government body is a group of people who are given the responsibility of exercising governance. These people are responsible for making decisions and agreeing law.

Government bodies are typically separated into sectors of the economy. Examples include the Department of Agriculture and the Department for Education.

Voluntary travel and tourism organisations

The voluntary sector plays an important role in our society. There are many different types of voluntary organisations, some of which can be defined as tourism-based organisations . Lets learn a little bit more about these types of travel and tourism organisations.

A voluntary travel and tourism organisation is a company that is not profit making. For these types of travel and tourism organisations, any profit that is received is directed back into the business, not into the hands of CEOs or shareholders, as would be the case with a private travel and tourism organisation.

Voluntary travel and tourism organisations are often funded through charitable donations or government grants. Sometimes they operate aspart of a legacy.

example of national tourism organization

Some voluntary organisations charge entrance fees to help with maintenance and running costs of the business.

Voluntary travel and tourism organisations will often rely on unpaid volunteers to operate. There will also usually be some paid staff, although salaries in the charitable sector are typically quite low.

For these types of travel and tourism organisations, the aim of a voluntary travel and tourism organisation is to preserve or protect particular areas of society or natural environments.

This can include environmental protection and conservation, such as a turtle breeding programme in Costa Rica or a volunteer tourism project operating in the Amazon rainforest.

Voluntary travel and tourism organisations may focus on the conservation of buildings, particularly if they are of historical or cultural value . They may also work with tourism stakeholders on landscape designs and features, often to ensure that any new development is in keeping with or does not negatively inflict on the current landscape.

Many voluntary travel and tourism organisations will work to lobby or campaign on particular issues. This will likely include cultural preservation, environmental protection and economic distribution. If there is a proposed development thatchy do not approve of, the voluntary organisation will often campaign against it.

Many voluntary travel and tourism organisations will centre around the concepts of conservation and sustainability.

Examples of voluntary travel and tourism organisations

There are many voluntary travel and tourism organisations around the world. Some examples of these types of travel and tourism organisations include:

Some visitor attractions are non-profit, voluntary travel and tourism organisations. Sometimes these are natural attractions and sometimes these are man-made attractions.

Examples include many National Trust organisations and conservation-based projects, such as elephant rescue programmes in Thailand or maorinebiology research programmes in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia .

Some transport is operated on a voluntary basis. This will often be associated with other charitable projects or as an incentive to encourage visitors to visit particular area.

There are a number of charities that are associated with the travel and tourism industry.

Organisations such as World Wildlife Fund and the International Animal Welfare Charity are directly linked with a number of tourism-based projects and initiatives.

A pressure group is an organisation which campaigns for change.

There are a number of pressure groups that are not tourism-based, but that are related to tourism management, such as Animal Aid and Friends of the Earth.

There are also pressure groups that are solely tourism focussed, such as the Aviation Environment Federation or Tourism Concern (note- Tourism Concern has recently ceased operations).

As you can see, there are many different types of travel and tourism organisations. These range from large to small and from profit-making to non-for-profit. There are three main types of travelled tourism organisations, which are private, public and voluntary.

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UN Tourism’s leadership vision acknowledges the most pressing challenges facing tourism and identifies the sector’s ability to overcome them and to drive wider positive change, including the opportunities responsible tourism offers for the advancement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

UN Tourism members have endorsed the Management Vision of the Secretary-General which seeks to position tourism as a policy priority, lead in knowledge creation, enhance the Organization’s capacity through building new and stronger partnerships , and offer better value for existing Members while also expanding membership.

To realize the Management Vision, UN Tourism’s work is based around five distinct pillars:

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As the leading international organization in the field of tourism, UN Tourism promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability and offers leadership and support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide. 

UN Tourism encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism , to maximize tourism’s socio-economic contribution while minimizing its possible negative impacts, and is committed to promoting tourism as an instrument in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) , geared towards reducing poverty and fostering sustainable development worldwide.

UN Tourism generates market knowledge, promotes competitive and sustainable tourism policies and instruments, fosters tourism education and training, and works to make tourism an effective tool for development through technical assistance projects in over 100 countries around the world. 

UN Tourism’s membership includes 160 Member States, 6 Associate Members and over 500 Affiliate Members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local tourism authorities.

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Fact sheet: 2022 national travel and tourism strategy, office of public affairs.

The 2022 National Travel and Tourism Strategy was released on June 6, 2022, by U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina M. Raimondo on behalf of the Tourism Policy Council (TPC). The new strategy focuses the full efforts of the federal government to promote the United States as a premier destination grounded in the breadth and diversity of our communities, and to foster a sector that drives economic growth, creates good jobs, and bolsters conservation and sustainability. Drawing on engagement and capabilities from across the federal government, the strategy aims to support broad-based economic growth in travel and tourism across the United States, its territories, and the District of Columbia.

Key points of the 2022 National Travel and Tourism Strategy

The federal government will work to implement the strategy under the leadership of the TPC and in partnership with the private sector, aiming toward an ambitious five-year goal of increasing American jobs by attracting and welcoming 90 million international visitors, who we estimate will spend $279 billion, annually by 2027.

The new National Travel and Tourism Strategy supports growth and competitiveness for an industry that, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, generated $1.9 trillion in economic output and supported 9.5 million American jobs. Also, in 2019, nearly 80 million international travelers visited the United States and contributed nearly $240 billion to the U.S. economy, making the United States the global leader in revenue from international travel and tourism. As the top services export for the United States that year, travel and tourism generated a $53.4 billion trade surplus and supported 1 million jobs in the United States.

The strategy follows a four-point approach:

  • Promoting the United States as a Travel Destination Goal : Leverage existing programs and assets to promote the United States to international visitors and broaden marketing efforts to encourage visitation to underserved communities.
  • Facilitating Travel to and Within the United States Goal : Reduce barriers to trade in travel services and make it safer and more efficient for visitors to enter and travel within the United States.
  • Ensuring Diverse, Inclusive, and Accessible Tourism Experiences Goal : Extend the benefits of travel and tourism by supporting the development of diverse tourism products, focusing on under-served communities and populations. Address the financial and workplace needs of travel and tourism businesses, supporting destination communities as they grow their tourism economies. Deliver world-class experiences and customer service at federal lands and waters that showcase the nation’s assets while protecting them for future generations.
  • Fostering Resilient and Sustainable Travel and Tourism Goal : Reduce travel and tourism’s contributions to climate change and build a travel and tourism sector that is resilient to natural disasters, public health threats, and the impacts of climate change. Build a sustainable sector that integrates protecting natural resources, supporting the tourism economy, and ensuring equitable development.

Travel and Tourism Fast Facts

  • The travel and tourism industry supported 9.5 million American jobs through $1.9 trillion of economic activity in 2019. In fact, 1 in every 20 jobs in the United States was either directly or indirectly supported by travel and tourism. These jobs can be found in industries like lodging, food services, arts, entertainment, recreation, transportation, and education.
  • Travel and tourism was the top services export for the United States in 2019, generating a $53.4 billion trade surplus.
  • The travel and tourism industry was one of the U.S. business sectors hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent health and travel restrictions, with travel exports decreasing nearly 65% from 2019 to 2020. 
  • The decline in travel and tourism contributed heavily to unemployment; leisure and hospitality lost 8.2 million jobs between February and April 2020 alone, accounting for 37% of the decline in overall nonfarm employment during that time. 
  • By 2021, the rollout of vaccines and lifting of international and domestic restrictions allowed travel and tourism to begin its recovery. International arrivals to the United States grew to 22.1 million in 2021, up from 19.2 million in 2020. Spending by international visitors also grew, reaching $81.0 billion, or 34 percent of 2019’s total.

More about the Tourism Policy Council and the 2022 National Travel and Tourism Strategy

Created by Congress and chaired by Secretary Raimondo, the Tourism Policy Council (TPC) is the interagency council charged with coordinating national policies and programs relating to travel and tourism. At the direction of Secretary Raimondo, the TPC created a new five-year strategy to focus U.S. government efforts in support of the travel and tourism sector which has been deeply and disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Read the full strategy here

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In addition to providing statistics, the National Travel and Tourism Office (NTTO) creates a positive climate for growth in travel and tourism by reducing institutional barriers to tourism, administers joint marketing efforts, provides official travel and tourism statistics , and coordinates efforts across federal agencies through the Tourism Policy Council. The Office works to enhance the international competitiveness of the U.S. travel and tourism industry and increase its exports, thereby creating U.S. employment and economic growth. 

What Guides Our Work: The National Travel and Tourism Strategy

The Department of Commerce, on behalf of the federal interagency Tourism Policy Council, is launching the new National Travel and Tourism Strategy (Strategy) to recover and rebuild a U.S. travel and tourism industry that is more inclusive, equitable, sustainable, and resilient, positioning the sector to drive economic development and export revenue. The Strategy seeks to utilize the full efforts of the federal government to promote the United States as a premiere destination that is representative of the breadth and diversity of its communities, and to foster a sector that creates good jobs for more Americans and is a positive force for sustainability.  

2022 National Travel and Tourism Strategy

FACT SHEET: 2022 National Travel and Tourism Strategy

Our Engagement with the Private Sector: Travel and Tourism Advisory Board (TTAB)

The United States Travel and Tourism Advisory Board (TTAB) serves as the advisory body to the Secretary of Commerce on matters relating to the travel and tourism industry in the United States. The Board advises the Secretary on government policies and programs that affect the U.S. travel and tourism industry, offers counsel on current and emerging issues, and provides a forum for discussing and proposing solutions to industry-related problems. Visit the TTAB page

Our Work Fostering Diverse, Inclusive, and Sustainable Tourism:

As is laid out in the National Travel and Tourism Strategy, the U.S. government is working to increase not only the volume, but the value of travel and tourism to the United States. Across all of our work, we are striving to make sure tourism is accessible to communities, diverse across cultures and geographies, and a positive driver for economic growth and environmental protection. 

APEC Project “Assessing the Impact of Rising Sea Levels on Travel and Tourism in APEC Economies” : Our report looks at how rising sea levels and extreme weather events pose an increasing threat to tourism businesses and destinations, and how those businesses can prepare. It also examines best practices for governments and destinations to incorporate climate change into their tourism planning.  Access the Full Report Here.

How We Market the United States: Brand USA

NTTO is the official liaison to  Brand USA for the U.S. federal government. The Corporation for Travel Promotion (Brand USA) has a multi-language consumer website available whose primary purpose is to provide international travelers with a “one-stop shop” for travel information about the United States. This public-private partnership allows thousands of U.S. travel and tourism industry organizations to be exposed to traveling consumers around the globe, providing them with additional export assistance resources. It covers all 50 states, the five U.S. territories and hundreds of U.S. destinations. Visit the Brand USA page. 

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How We Represent U.S. Tourism Globally: Intergovernmental Organizations

NTTO represents U.S. tourism interests in intergovernmental organizations to lead the global efforts for travel and tourism policy concerns and issues, including chairing the Tourism Committee for the  Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development  

It also serves as the USG official head delegate to the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Tourism Working Group and the official U.S. government observer and participant on committees and activities of the United Nations World Tourism Organization.

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What is JNTO ?

Official Name: Japan National Tourism Organization Established: 1964 Purpose: Committed to the development of international tourism exchanges Headquarters: 1-6-4, Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0004.

JNTO is involved in a broad range of activities both domestically and worldwide, to encourage international tourists from all over the world to visit Japan.

Our activities include

1) Promotion of Japanese tourism 2) Operation of the Tourist Information Center in Japan for international visitors 3) Administration of Guide-interpreter examinations 4) Publication of tourism statistics and market reports 5) Providing support for international conventions and incentive events

Activities by Overseas Offices

JNTO maintains offices in key cities around the world, through which a wide range of tourism-related promotions are carried out. Each overseas office is responsible for promoting travel and tourism to Japan; one of the most important functions is to help the travel industry encourage their clients to visit Japan.

The activities of the overseas JNTO offices include

1) Promotion of Japanese tourism 2) Operation of the Tourist Information Center in Japan for international visitors. 3) Administration of Guide-interpreter examinations 4) Publication of tourism statistics and market reports 5) Providing support for international conventions and incentive events

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From its beginnings, the National Park System has had an important and dynamic relationship with tourism. Well before the establishment of the National Park Service (NPS) in 1916, railroad companies and lodging operators brought visitors and commerce to parks and gateway communities. Today, as tourism and destination management grow in scale and complexity, the National Park Service works with destination organizations, tourism associations, the private sector, and park tourists to manage responsible tourism that supports conservation and preservation, provides high-quality visitor experiences, and contributes to community vitality. NPS Educational Presentations for the Travel Trade  - Are you a travel agency, tour packager, automobile club, or travel sector association whose members or staff could benefit from having a better understanding of the national park system? The NPS Tourism Program is available to deliver educational presentations where we'll cover the width and breadth of the park system, essential elements for planning a park visit, tips for having a great park experience, and the latest information on visitor management. Reach out for more information via the "Contact Us" link on the bottom of the page.

The Tourism Program collaborates with the travel sector to support responsible tourism that benefits parks, communities and visitors.

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Last updated: July 20, 2022

National Tourism Organizations Essay

National tourism organizations have a very important role to play in the selling of a country globally. The first ever National Tourism Organization was founded in New Zealand in the year 1901. Although New Zealand is a small country, it has the biggest ideas in developing and maintaining tourist attraction.

More NTO‘s were founded after the first NTO with far reaching success. This led to the formation of NTO‘s in almost all other countries of the world with the sole objective of making those countries known better as tourist destinations.

These organizations are important because tourism is a very vital sector in most economies of the world. It is actually to some countries the biggest income earner. NTO’s in their function of promoting a countries tourism sector perform many functions. First, they have to create a brand image for their country.

Lately, the term ’brand’ has been internationally accepted in the field of Tourism. It is that enduring image of a country in the travelers mind, acquired both from knowledge and from personal emotions (Lennon, 2000).

Knowledge comes from reading, information from friends or even the internet. Through national brand creation campaigns, National Tourism Boards have a responsibility to create a positive, attractive and informative education to the world about their respective countries.

This is possible through aggressive advertising campaigns through international TV and Radio channels mostly using the latest technology (Beaver, 2002).

Feelings come from human experiences and things that we are exposed to in the environment. NTOs have the responsibility of creating a national image for their countries that will be associated with positive emotions by the prospective tourists to their countries.

NTOs in countries that have been war torn such as Somalia or Syria for example have to embark on a campaign to reconstruct the image of their countries in the global tourist market.

They, therefore, have to create impressions and images that the billions of the world population will associate with those countries. This positive image will serve to replace the unsafe and war torn knowledge and emotions of fear in the minds of tourists (Wilkerson, 2003).

NTOs have also the function of developing and maintaining tourism infrastructure in their countries. These entail tourist attraction sites such as National Parks, animal orphanages, great structures, artistic architectural designs and natural resources. This function is most important because no tourists would visit a destination if they will not experience or see anything special (Cooper et al 2005).

They also undertake to create tourist attraction facilities especially where none or little exist. Such sites could include camping sites, theatres, cinema halls, picnic areas and amusement sites. By bringing up these structures, the NTOs also improve the brand strength of their countries. Those tourists who visit the countries will also speak positively about them.

When tourists visit a country, they expect to be received warmly and with kind-heartedness. It is therefore, the responsibility of National Tourist Boards to train and instruct potential tourist officials or personnel. This is important because when one is dissatisfied with services from a country, they will badmouth it to more people than when they are satisfied, thereby, damaging the country’s image (Wurzburger et al 2009).

NTOs have a very crucial role to keep their country known to the world. This is done through publications such as national journals. With the evolution of the internet this century, it is the role of NTOs to develop and maintain a national web site for their countries and also on social networking sites such as face book and twitter.

Their websites would give such information about a country’s History, Culture, Language, Foods and Tourist destinations. It is, therefore, evident that National Tourism Organizations play an important role in ‘selling’ their countries and contribute greatly to National income (Theobald, 1998).

Beaver, A. (2002). A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism Terminology . Wallingford: CAB International.

Cooper, C. et al (2005). Tourism: Principles and Practice . Harlow: Pearson Education.

Lennon, J. (2000). Dark Tourism. London: Continuum.

Theobald, W. F. (1998). Global Tourism . Oxford (England): Butterworth–Heinemann.

Wilkerson, C. (2003). Travel and Tourism: An Overlooked Industry in the U.S. and Tenth District. Economic Review , 88: 45–72.

Wurzburger, R. et al (2009). Creative Tourism: A Global Conversation: How to Provide Unique Creative Experiences for Travelers Worldwide. New Mexico, USA: Sunstone Press.

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Encyclopedia of Tourism pp 650–651 Cite as

National tourism

  • Antonio Alcover Casasnovas 3  
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National tourism consists of all tourism activities practiced by residents of a particular country, including domestic and outbound tourism. In order to make it possible to compare, integrate, and share information among countries, the United Nations sponsored a conference on travel and tourism in Rome in 1963. This conference recommended definitions of “national tourism,” among others (visitor, tourist, and domestic tourism) for compiling international statistics. In 1968, the International Union of Official Travel Organizations (precedent of the World Tourism Organization) approved the 1963 definitions and has since encouraged its use (Leiper 1979 ). Today, most of these definitions are compiled by the UNWTO ( 2010a ). National tourism is “domestic and outbound tourism , that is, the activities of resident visitors, within and outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound trips” (UNWTO 2010b : 15). It covers “the [national] tourism consumption of resident...

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Leiper, N. 1979 The Framework of Tourism: Towards a Definition of Tourism, Tourist, and the Tourist Industry. Annals of Tourism Research 6:390-407.

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IMF 2009 Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual. International Monetary Fund http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesm/SeriesM_83rev1e.pdf (10 March 2015).

UNWTO 2010a International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesm/SeriesM_83rev1e.pdf (10 March 2015).

UNWTO 2010b Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework, 2008 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesf/SeriesF_80rev1e.pdf (10 March 2015).

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Honggen Xiao

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Alcover Casasnovas, A. (2016). National tourism. In: Jafari, J., Xiao, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Tourism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_573

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