28 Adventures to Travel For, From Glacier Chasing in Greenland to Sand Surfing in the Sahara

By Caitlin Morton

Adventure travel Cappadocia

As much as we love lounging on a faraway beach or revisiting our favorite city for the tenth time, sometimes our passports need some adventure travel—we’re talking about those once-in-a-lifetime trips that push us way outside our comfort zones. Adventure travel is a great way to see more of the world, while also testing your physical limits, and coming home with a lifetime's worth of stories to tell at parties.

Below, we’ve rounded up some of the most incredible outdoor adventures for intrepid travelers, ranging from climbing Machu Picchu to skydiving in Dubai . Even if you don’t consider yourself a daredevil, you’ll still find activities that feel exciting (hello, camping under the northern lights) without too much physical—or emotional—exertion required. So fasten your seatbelts, grab your best pair of hiking boots , and get ready for the adventure of a lifetime.

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This gallery has been updated with new information since its original publish date.

Iguazu Falls Iguazu National Park

Boat under the Iguazú Falls

South America’s Iguazú Falls, located on the border of Brazil and Argentina, make all other waterfalls look like mere trickles in comparison. The system of more than 200 cascades (reaching heights of around 270 feet) can be viewed from surrounding walkways and catwalks, but we’re fans of the more adventurous vantage-point—hopping on an Iguazú Jungle inflatable raft and sailing directly under the exhilarating, high-pressure falls.

Machu Picchu

Climb to Machu Picchu

No adventurer’s must-visit list is complete without Machu Picchu , the famous Incan citadel located in the Andes. While the site can be accessed via train and bus, more active travelers can take the five-day trek along the entire 26-mile-long Inca Trail. Or, thanks to local tour operator Sam Travel Peru , you can get dropped at kilometer marker 104 and do the whole experience in 24 hours .

Sahara

Sand surf in the Sahara

The dunes of the Sahara are colossal, untouched, and tailor-made for extreme sports. The desert’s rows of barchans (meaning “crescent-shaped dunes” in Turkic) have ideal shapes for sand surfing (descending the slopes on a surfboard) and sandboarding (descending the slopes on a snowboard)—and those views don’t hurt, either. Stay at Erg Chigaga Luxury Camp in Morocco, which offers sandboarding in addition to other desert activities like camel rides and quad biking.

Landscape of Rocky Mountains

Heli-hike in British Columbia

With CMH Heli + Skiing , you can helicopter to the steepest and deepest powder in Canada for backcountry skiing. However, come summer , the company’s guides take guests on multi-day hiking trips to terrain otherwise inaccessible, along ridgelines, through alpine meadows, and to stunning viewpoints. While these high-altitude adventures are not for the faint at heart, the accommodations are quite comfortable, with log-hewn lodges complete with full-service restaurants, spa treatments, and a rooftop hot tub to relax in before another day on the trail.

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Cappadocia

Hot air balloon over Cappadocia

A hot air balloon ride over central Turkey’s Cappadocia region provides 360-degree views of the famous limestone spires and “fairy chimneys”—something you can't get at the ground level. We recommend booking with Kapadokya Balloons , the first company that introduced hot air balloon tourism in Cappadocia. Services include transfers to and from your hotel, snacks, full insurance, and a champagne party after the flight.

Greenland

Hunt for glaciers in Greenland

Greenland is relatively expensive and tricky to get to, but well worth the effort—especially since it’s one of the most untouched landscapes on the planet. Exhibit A: the hundreds-year-old icebergs and glaciers floating off the mainland, which you can get up close and personal with during a cruise excursion. ( Hurtigruten and Cruise Norway offer these sailings.)

Okavango Delta Botswana

Hop across Botswana on a mobile safari

While most safari camps stay in one place like a traditional hotel, the private canvas safaris by  Barclay Stenner Safaris are totally mobile, meaning you can pick up and move locations based on weather conditions and wildlife movements. The outfitter’s Botswana itinerary moves across the country to fauna-rich areas like the Okavango Delta and Makgadikgadi Salt Pans—get ready to follow groups of lions, hippos, elephants, and more.

Oludeniz

Paraglide over Turkey’s Blue Lagoon

Oludeniz has one of the most beautiful beaches in Turkey, with pebble shores and a “blue lagoon” of aquamarine hues. The beach also happens to be one of the world's best places to paraglide, thanks to stable weather and gorgeous panoramic views. The launch site for most companies is from Babadağ mountain, with jumping-off points reaching 6,000 feet above sea level.

Great Barrier Reef

Explore the Great Barrier Reef

Divers and snorkelers everywhere need to experience the Great Barrier Reef at least once in their lifetime. Not only does the site have more than 400 different types of coral and 1,500 species of fish, but the natural wonder has been rapidly eroding due to coral bleaching and global warming . That means it’s more urgent than ever to see this sight in all its glory—and to understand what we are losing.

Mexico cenote

Swim through Mexico’s cenotes

Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula features a wealth of unique natural beauty, particularly when it comes to its cavernous cenotes. Floating in one of these natural sinkholes is an incredible experience, as is diving through the underground cave systems . When in Tulum , visit Dos Ojos (“Two Eyes”) to view one of the planet’s most beautiful underwater sites or Gran Cenote for rock formations that resemble Gothic architecture.

Dubai skydiving

Free-fall over Dubai at 120 miles per hour

Dubai is one of the most over-the-top cities in the world, so are you really surprised that skydiving is one of its most popular activities?  Skydive Dubai is a company located near Jumeirah Beach, offering tandem skydiving for beginners and solo jumps for licensed divers. If you thought Dubai’s skyline was impressive already, just wait until you see it while falling from 13,000 feet in the air.

Yosemite Half Dome

Scale Half Dome at Yosemite National Park

The Half Dome trail through Yosemite may be one of the most intense hikes you’ll ever take, stretching for 16 miles and ascending more than 5,500 feet. The final 400 feet are the trickiest—hikers must climb up the steep slope with two steel cables as their only support—but the breathtaking views from the top make the effort (and terror) worth it. Afterwards, stay at The Ahwahnee, one of the most beautiful national park hotels in the country.

Great white shark cage diving

Swim with great white sharks in South Africa

The fishing town of Gansbaai is often considered to be the birthplace of great white shark cage diving, an activity that would make most adrenaline junkies drool. Cage diving is totally safe (despite what some low-budget shark movies might lead you to believe), but we dare you to keep your heart rate in check as you come face-to-face with an apex predator.  Marine Dynamics is one of the most popular cage diving operators in town, with a marine biologist and videographer joining every tour.

New Zealand practically invented adventure sports when the Kawarau Bridge Bungy opened in 1988. Here you join around...

Bungee jump in New Zealand

New Zealand practically invented adventure sports when the Kawarau Bridge Bungy opened in 1988. Here you join around 38,000 annual visitors to take the 140-foot jump from the South Island's historic, steel-framed Kawarau Bridge—an activity in which the views are almost as thrilling as the fall itself.

Mt Fuji

Climb Mount Fuji

Solitary Mount Fuji is probably Japan’s most iconic natural wonder , rising 12,388 feet above villages and reflecting on lakes’ surfaces. You can get views of the landmark from many places, like Lake Kawaguchi in Fujikawaguchiko and even the Park Hyatt Tokyo , but it’s the views from the mountain that will give you the most bragging rights. Visit from early July to mid-September to take advantage of the official climbing season, when the designated trails and paved roads are free of snow.

Volcano Boarding Cerro Negro

Go volcano boarding on Cerro Negro in Nicaragua

If you’re looking for action sports and adventure, we recommend booking a flight to Nicaragua right now. There you can kayak, surf, zipline through the jungle, and even sled down the side of an active volcano. Intrepid travelers love to climb up the 2,388-foot Cerro Negro and then “volcano board” back down (an activity where you sit or stand on a piece of plywood and slide your way down the slopes). You'll want to go with a guided group tour with this one. Bigfoot Hostels is one of many operators for excursions—for $25, you get transportation to the volcano, boards, safety equipment, snacks, and your speed clocked by a radar gun.

Trollstigen Norwau

Take a white-knuckle drive in Norway

Who says your adrenaline can’t pump from the comfort of your car? Trollstigen is one of the world’s most popular (and  terrifying ) highways, known for its steep gradient and hairpin turns. The one-lane road passes such impressive wonders as the 1,050-foot Stigfossen waterfall, but be sure to pull over before you gawk and snap photos. There are several viewing platforms along the road that will let you take in the sites without risking a crash.

Belize

Dive Belize’s Great Blue Hole

Known for its circular shape and strikingly deep blue color , the Great Blue Hole is a 1,000-foot-wide sinkhole in the middle of Belize’s Lighthouse Reef. While an aerial shot is enough to convince anyone of its beauty, scuba divers are the ones who get to experience the wonders that lie beneath: massive, 40-foot limestone stalactites and stalagmites that formed during the last glacial period.

The Azores Portugal

Go canyoning in the Azores

Portugal’s Azores Islands are equal parts adventurous and beautiful, inviting travelers to get up close and personal with nature while hiking, biking, and swimming. If you want to really push the envelope, try canyoning—an activity that has you rappel down a waterfall while navigating slippery rocks and fast-flowing water. Azores Getaways offers a comprehensive and easy-to-book experience. Training, equipment, on-site instructors, and snacks are all included in the excursion, which will no doubt become one of the most memorable of your life.

Patagonia kayaking

Kayak through Torres del Paine National Park

Chile’s Patagonia region is one of the most beautiful spots on the planet, and there are plenty of ways to explore the area. But while most people experience the sights while hiking, you can get a slightly different view from the water via a kayaking trip.  Kayak en Patagonia offers several tour options ranging in duration and difficulty levels, but all let you paddle past towering mountains, rugged glaciers, and other incredible vistas.

Northern Lights

Sleep under the northern lights

Ah, the elusive northern lights . So many factors are at play when it comes to seeing the technicolor phenomenon—location, time of year, weather conditions—but it’s hard to lose with an excursion to Finnish Lapland. The Arctic area is one of the planet’s best for aurora viewing, especially if you get to sleep in an igloo hotel at Kakslauttanen Arctic Resort or mobile Aurora Bubble Sled . Up your viewing chances by planning a trip between December and March.

Heliskiing

Go heli-skiing in Alaska

If you’re a seasoned traveler who’s conquered every black diamond slope in North America, there’s still one snowy adventure left to vanquish: heli-skiing. There’s nothing quite like hopping in a helicopter and being dropped onto untouched snow at the top of a mountain—especially in a setting as formidable as Alaska’s Chugach Mountains. The experienced guides at  Valdez Heli Ski Guides (VHSG) will help make this dream a reality, taking you to some of the best runs of your life and then letting you unwind (hot tub and massages included) at the cozy  Tsaina Lodge .

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Snorkel between continents in Iceland

Iceland is one of the best countries in the world for adventure travel , with opportunities for everything from glacier hiking to snorkeling and diving. For the latter, head straight to Thingvellir National Park along the country’s Golden Circle route , where two tectonic plates slowly pull apart at the rate of about two centimeters (0.8 inches) per year. The phenomenon results in the Silfra fissure, a stunning rift valley where travelers can snorkel or dive in impossibly clear (and cold) waters. Tour company DIVE.IS offers tours for divers and every level of snorkeler—including those with no prior experience—and will snap an underwater photo of you touching two continents at the same time.

Some remote destinations are best seen from the deck of a boat and that includes the upper Amazon River. Aqua...

Float along the Amazon

Some remote destinations are best seen from the deck of a boat, and that includes the upper Amazon River. Aqua Expeditions ’ luxury cruises through the Peruvian stretch of the river tour the area’s wildlife and culture at a delightful, leisurely pace. You'll even have chef-prepared gourmet meals and five-star suites with floor-to-ceiling windows. Looking for something a little less luxe? Amazon Adventures offers kayaking trips along some Amazon tributaries, where you can fish for piranhas and camp out in the rainforest.

The Pipeline Oahu

Surf ‘The Pipeline’ in Oahu

Oahu’s Banzai Pipeline (commonly referred to as The Pipeline) is easily one of the most sought-after surfing spots in the world. Located off the coast of the island’s north shore in Ehukai Beach Park, the surf reef break averages waves measuring nine feet high. This activity is definitely not for beginners, but even non-surfers will get a thrill out of watching the many surf competitions that take place at The Pipeline—all from the safety of a sunny beach.

Great Bear Rainforest Canada

Spot elusive wildlife in the Great Bear Rainforest

Canada’s Great Bear Rainforest is the largest intact temperate rainforest in the world—and one of the most magical, with elusive species like sea wolves and Kermode bears roaming its 21 million acres. Outer Shores Expeditions will take you on a nine-day excursion aboard a schooner, departing from British Columbia’s First Nations community of Bella Bella and stopping for sea kayaking along the way.

Victoria Falls

Soak in the planet’s most extreme infinity pool

Located on the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia, Victoria Falls attracts thousands of tourists each year. One of the biggest draws here is the Devil’s Pool , a naturally formed eddy sitting at the very edge of the falls, where daring swimmers can splash around between August and January (depending on water levels, that is). Given that a slippery rock barrier is the only thing separating you from going over the edge, this site is easily the planet’s most extreme infinity pool .

Antarctica is truly the final frontier when it comes to adventure travel providing untouched landscapes unique wildlife...

Camp in Antarctica

Antarctica is truly the final frontier when it comes to adventure travel, providing untouched landscapes, unique wildlife, and more activities than you’ll know what to do with (like cruising, caving, and thermal spring soaking , to name a few). If you can get yourself to Punta Arenas, Chile, Antarctic Logistics & Expeditions will fly you to Antarctica for three days of skiing and hiking before setting you up for a South Pole sleepover.

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The Different Types of Adventure Travel

Adventure travel is one of the fastest segments of the travel market, drawing in more and more people on a yearly basis. But what exactly is adventure travel and what can you expect out of an adventure trip? That is completely up to you, because "adventure" has a different meaning for every individual traveler.

That said, in its purest form, this type of travel generally offers some classic experiences and activities that truly help to define its style. If you're planning on taking your first adventure travel trip, here are some of the activities you can expect to be a part of the itinerary. 

Trekking/Hiking

Traveling on foot through remote locations has always been at the core of adventure travel. Whether that means backpacking along the Appalachian Trail, trekking to Everest Base Camp in Nepal, or simply heading out for a backcountry adventure on a local trail, this is a great way to explore any destination. Travelers have always enjoyed walking tours and pretty much no matter where you want to go, you'll likely find some options for hiking and trekking there. Often these trips involve camping overnight along the way too, adding yet another adventurous element to the equation. 

Cycling/Mountain Biking

Cycling trips are another popular method of transportation and category for adventure travel. Rather than exploring a destination on foot, travelers climb aboard a bike instead. This allows them to cover more ground at a faster pace, while still feeling connected with the landscape, culture, and people there. Mountain biking offers a similar experience, but allows access to more remote, off the beaten path, destinations, while introducing a more challenging aspect to the riding as well. 

Travelers will find options to ride just about anywhere these days, ranging from French wine country to the entire length of Africa . 

Canoe/Kayaking

Canoeing and kayaking trips are another popular way to experience a destination, granting travelers access to lakes, rivers, and even oceans. This type of travel can be as serene as paddling the Greek Isles or as wild as taking on some of the top whitewater destinations on the planet. One word of caution however, travelers should have some experience paddling before embarking on these types of journeys as they can be strenuous and dangerous depending on the nature of the water involved. Flat water is generally safe, but whitewater can be treacherous. Both can be fun if you are well prepared. 

Climbing/Mountaineering

While not often viewed as a form of adventure travel, mountaineering and climbing expeditions still fall under the same very broad umbrella. These types of trips typically require more skill and experience than simply trekking in the mountains and tend to be more technical too. That means requiring the use of ropes, ice axes, crampons, and other specialized equipment to reach the top of a mountain. A climb to the top of Kilimanjaro is mostly non-technical, and falls under the trekking category, while an expedition to Mt. Everest is squarely in the more challenging mountaineering realm. Altitude can often play a bigger role in this type of adventure too, which can literally take place on every continent.

Take caution however; you should only embark on a mountaineering trip if you have the necessary skills and experience to do so and are traveling with a certified mountain guide. 

Skiing/Snowshoeing

Some of the best adventures take place in the snow, with skiing, snowboarding, and snowshoeing offering great experiences for travelers who don't mind colder weather. These types of trips can include everything from resort and backcountry skiing, to cross-country and snowshoe traverses too. Winter adventures are once again very popular in pretty much every corner of the globe, ranging from North America, to Europe, and even the Antarctic. 

Horseback Riding

Horseback adventure tours are also a fantastic way to explore the more remote regions of any country. Horses can travel faster and more safely to places that we humans can't always reach on our own. This allows us to go along for the ride while taking in the scenery along the way. While travelers will want to have some level of skill on horseback before setting out, these types of trips are a great way to gain experience for those who want to improve their riding. Just be sure to be confident in the saddle, don't be afraid of the horse, and enjoy the ride. (And if you're in Jordan, check out how to ride a camel.)

Dogsledding

Horses aren't the only animals that get to join us on our adventurous travels. Dogsledding is another exciting activity that travelers can indulge in if so inclined. These types of tours can last four a few hours or a few weeks, depending on just how adventurous you want to get. Driving a team of dogs takes a bit of practice, but it can be a lot of fun and a wonderful way to travel through the backcountry during the winter. Be sure to pack your warmest clothes and bring your most adventurous attitude. Oh, and try not to fall in love with the dogs. 

Overlanding

If you're the type of traveler who likes to get off the beaten path and explore remote parts of the world by motorized vehicle, overlanding is the option for you. Typically done in 4x4 vehicles, overlanders relish the journey rather than the destination. These types of excursions will take you off-road and into the wilderness where you'll be completely self reliant. Camping is usually a part of the experience, with only the occasional dip into nearby towns to refuel and resupply. Travelers can choose to join an organized overlanding expedition or go completely independent as well, depending on their own level of experience and confidence. 

Traditionally speaking, a safari is a wildlife viewing trip to Africa, although these days the term can be applied to all kinds of excursions to just about any part of the planet. In fact, "safari" is the swahili word for "journey" and it is widely considered to be one of the first forms of adventure travel. Today, the African safari remains a great option for spotting wildlife in its natural habitat, but there are also penguin safaris , polar bear safaris , and other times of safaris that take place across North and South America, and Asia too. These types of trips are family friendly, relaxing, and perfect for a wide variety of ages, making them one of the most popular forms of adventure travel, even in the 21st century. 

Just as the name implies, a multisport adventure travel experience combines two or more of the activities listed above into the same trip. For instance, travelers might go hiking, biking, and paddling when visiting a certain destination, allowing them to stay very active and experience a wide variety of aspects of the place they are visiting. These types of itineraries can be found in just about any corner of the globe and during any season too. In the winter, travelers might ski, snowshoe, and dogsled their way across the landscape, and in summer they could bike, surf, and sail for instance. These types of outings are generally very popular with those who like to stay very active and are in good physical condition. 

Sailing/Cruising

For most adventure travelers a cruise doesn't seem like much of an adventure, but there are some great options for those who enjoy traveling by ship. Small-ship cruises to places like Alaska, Antarctica, and the Falklands can be amazing options, with opportunities to go hiking, kayaking, and wildlife spotting. Plus, small-ship cruises are much more intimate and allow passengers to get to know one another better. These types of adventures are far cry from the massive ships that carry thousands of tourists, with the smaller vessels allowing access to some of the most remote and rewarding places on the planet. 

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How to Plan an Adventure Trip

by Jhasmine Wade - Last updated on August 25, 2022

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  • Before You Go

To plan an adventure trip means you are ready to experience a unique and epic travel opportunity. An adventure trip is nothing like visiting a touristy destination for shopping, nightclubs, and photos in stylish swimsuits on the beach to take the most post-worthy pictures. Although those trips are loads of fun, you have to think more broadly when you're wondering how to plan an adventure trip.

person on kayak looking at mountains in Canada

Ready for an adventure trip? Here’s how to start planning for it.

Adventure travel is for the bold, brave, and fearless who desire to trek through a rainforest, climb to the top of the highest mountain, emerge in culture, or place themselves entirely out of their comfort zone. It's all about seeking a thrill or meaningful experience. Whether you are planning to travel solo or on a small group adventure tour, here are a few things to help you plan your adventure.

How to plan an adventure trip

1. brainstorm.

Ask yourself: What do I want to get out of this trip? Whether you're seeking a sense of accomplishment, searching for peace, or cultural exchange, there is an adventure that can give you all the feels you desire.

In the movie Eat, Pray, Love, Julia Roberts' character planned a year-long adventure trip in search of self-discovery. What is your "why" in taking an adventure trip, and how long would you like your adventure to be? You have a higher chance of achieving your desired experience once you identify what you want to gain from your trip.

Having this understanding will also help you research your travel plans. Take a look at some of the most thrilling adventure trips in the world to help make a decision.

two people walking through a city carrying backpacks and a guitar

Your budget will vary depending on the kind of experience you want.

Identify what works for your budget during your research. The goal is to determine how to get the most out of the experience for what you can afford. Don't allow your budget to discourage you from planning your adventure. It’s possible to have an adventure on a budget .

If you have a smaller budget , look into East Asia and Central and South America destinations. Your money will go much further when traveling to these destinations due to the difference in currency value.

Depending on your starting point, it may be closer to home if you need to head back in a hurry. If you have a bigger budget, try destinations in Europe, Australia, and Canada. Splurge on comfortable living accommodations, food, and flights. However, activities can be costly, so you may consider staying in a hostel to save money rather than a hotel to offset the cost.

READ: How to Save Money for Travel

3. determine a destination.

Consider elements that can impact your trip. When determining a destination, you want to know if the weather will interfere with your plans. A quick search on Google asking, "When is the best time to travel to (insert country)" will help.

When traveling during the pandemic, stay updated with the country's Covid-19 restrictions. The last thing you want to do is visit a country during a lockdown. Learn about any civil or political issues that are currently taking place that may cause changes in that country's day-to-day functions. Ask yourself, is it safe to visit at this time?

Also, while researching your destination, it's always best to learn the cultural norms in that country to avoid culture shock . Imagine being the person wearing the bright pink dress to the all-white party because you didn't get the memo; that's what it can feel like if you don't do your research.

READ: What is Adventure Travel?

4. planning your activities.

aerial view of Turkey while two people are hang gliding

Choose the activities that give you life!

Make sure you have a solid plan. Saying you want to go to Costa Rica is not a concrete plan. However, saying you want to take a wildlife expedition in Costa Rica through Tortuguero National Park is much more concrete!

If you're unsure of what type of adventure to have, consider a few of these options. Physically active adventures include hiking , trekking , cycling , rock climbing, or ziplining. For water activities, you could choose snorkeling , sailing, kayaking , or paddleboarding.

And if you're more interested in learning about different cultures, you could choose a program focused on local food, art, fashion, or history .

Inform your family and friends about your travels, where you will stay, and how they can contact you. Research all required documents, so you're not stopped at the customs border when arriving. Ensure that you have the appropriate visas and vaccines before taking flight. Consider purchasing travel insurance as well as international health insurance .

READ: How to Stay Safe Abroad as an Expat

5 tips on planning your adventure, 1. contact the bank.

person looking up at sign of Banco Do Brazil

It’s important to figure out finances before you go.

Inform your bank that you will travel and how long you will be gone. You don't want your bank to cut off your credit card while abroad. Learn your bank's international usage policy to avoid spending extra money on fees. Some banks will charge a fee every time you swipe your card outside the country, and those fees add up.

Also, bring more than one bank card in case something happens. And keep in mind that in some countries, you may not be able to rely on a credit card. Many economies around the world still rely on cash transactions. (But the good news is that cash more directly impacts the local economy!)

READ: Should You Use Cash or Credit Card When Traveling?

2. change currencies.

Exchange a small amount of cash before you leave your home country. You never know when you'll need quick cash once you arrive at your destination. To save money, you don't want to exchange your currency at the airport due to the high exchange rate.

In many instances nowadays, it’s convenient to just take money out of the ATM when you arrive at your destination too. However, as mentioned above, make sure your bank is aware that you’re abroad—and double-check airport maps or information before arriving to make sure there’s an ATM in your terminal.

3. Create an itinerary

You may not even use it. However, when it comes to an itinerary, it’s better to have it and not need it than to need it and not have it. Include a list of food spots, activities, and sights you would like to see during your adventure. A little structure goes a long way.

4. Carry an extra phone

two people looking at a phone while preparing for their adventure trip

Even if your destination doesn’t have reception, it’s good to have an extra phone for emergencies.

Bring a backup phone that is unlocked if you have one, like your old iPhone or Android. While you're abroad, you can purchase a SIM card and prepaid plan to access a cellular network when there's no wifi available. Another reason for this is so that if you lose or break it, at least it wasn't your primary device.

If your phone isn’t unlocked, don’t panic. You’ll just need to be more strategic. Whenever you head off to a new place, check and see if there’s a McDonald’s, Starbucks, or similar multinational corporation that’s known for free wifi. You can use these to access Facebook Messenger, Whatsapp, or iMessage as needed. (And don’t forget about helpful travel apps that work offline, like Maps.me and All Trails .)

5. Use a travel app

Travel apps come in handy while traveling abroad . Browse through a few of these to gain more insight into making your adventure spectacular. Remember to download all apps you plan to use before your flight. Here are a few options:

  • Lonely Planet. Various curated guides to help you navigate your new surroundings. The app provides lists of must-see destinations and experiences.
  • Culture Trip . This app provides free travel inspiration with helpful insight on things to do, what to eat, and where to stay in your desired destinations.
  • Whatsapp. Stay connected with family and friends worldwide through free messaging and calls. Make sure your family and friends have the app as well.
  • FB Messenger . Similar to Whatsapp, most of your friends and family already have this app on their phones. You can make video calls and share photos from your adventure.
  • XE Currency Converter . It can be challenging to convert currency in your mind so frequently. With a currency converting app, it'll do all the math for you. Just add your country's currency and the currency you want to convert to, add any amount you would like to convert, and you'll know how much to spend.

These are just some of the best adventure travel tips to get you going. Adventure trip planning is the key to setting yourself up for whatever curveballs your journey has in store. Whether it's trekking the foothills of the Himalayas or surfing the coasts of the Philippines , planning (or not planning) will make or break your experience!

Get matched with 5 adventure travel programs for FREE

You’re ready for the adventure of a lifetime.

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You’re all set! Now find a program and get out there!

The three primary parts of adventure planning are identifying your budget, destination, and activities. Now that you have those identified, you're ready for the adventure of a lifetime. Remember that an adventure trip is whatever you make; find peace, seek a thrill, and immerse yourself in culture. Whatever your ideal adventure is, it's waiting for you. Plan it out and enjoy!

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The best places in the world for lovers of adventure tourism are revealed

Oct 31, 2016 • 1 min read

adventure tours example

Iceland is the best country in the world when it comes to its potential for adventure tourism, according to new research.

Seljalandsfoss waterfall is one of the country's most spectacular

Germany , New Zealand , Norway and Switzerland make up the rest of the top five in a scorecard for adventure travel compiled by the Adventure Travel Trade Association. Countries were ranked in ten different categories, beginning with their natural resources: coastline, population density, and other physical characteristics.

Zipline in New Zealand.

Cultural resources like national parks or UNESCO world heritage sites were also factored in along with adventure activity resources that allow for outdoor, nature-based activities. They also looked at tourism infrastructure particularly things that tempt adventure travellers like availability of trail maps, eco-lodges, access to trained guides and so on.

The Mhondoro Game Lodge in South Africa offers intimate encounters with wildlife from an underground waterhole hide. Image: Mhondoro Game Lodge

Their ‘Adventure Tourism Development Index’ also ranked countries by region with Iceland coming out on top in the competitive Europe and North America section.   New Zealand was rated best in East Asia and the Pacific, Croatia in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and Chile in Latin America and the Caribbean. Also ranked top in their respective regions were Israel , Bhutan , and Botswana in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The report said adventure tourism had significant benefits for countries not just in terms of attracting tourists but also helping preserve their heritage. It explained: “For countries and communities fortunate enough to possess outstanding natural and cultural characteristics, adventure tourism can provide a source of sorely needed income and an incentive to conserve vestiges of the past, current cultural identities and ecological wonders.”  Adventure tourism is big business and was worth an estimated US$263 billion back in 2012, the most recent year for which data is available.

The Adventure Travel Top Ten:

Skógafoss, Iceland.

3. New Zealand

Cycling through a cutting on Otago Rail Trail, South Island, New Zealand.

5. Switzerland

Moleson mountain towering above cobbled streets of Gruyeres.

7. Australia

Young traveling couple having rest on the rock and enjoying view in Blue Mountains in Australia.

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  • North America

Central America & Caribbean

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North Africa & Middle East

Few travellers make it to this icy continent, but the lucky ones who do get to explore a frozen Eden ruled by the elements and teeming with wildlife.

G Adventures Land

G adventures sailing & cruises, g adventures private travel.

Whether it’s a family retreat or a girls trip, you can surround yourself with a hand-picked crew and customize a tour that fits you all perfectly.

The Geluxe Collection

Our new line of premium active adventures is officially here. With perfectly paced itineraries, one-of-a-kind accommodations and elevated dining, this is adventure at its finest.

National Geographic Journeys

Go deeper into the cultures and habitats of the places we explore. More is included and you’ll enjoy greater hands-on exploration, interactions with local experts, and freedom to roam.

National Geographic Family Journeys

Are you an adventure-loving family in search of meaningful ways to discover the world together? These tours are specially designed for travellers seven and up and their inquisitive families.

Jane Goodall Collection

Step deeper into the animal kingdom while respecting all of its inhabitants. Our incredible collection of 20 wildlife-focused tours is endorsed by the world-renowned ethologist.

Roamies by Hostelworld

The thrill of adventure. The awesomeness of hostels. Get ‘em both on these immersive small group trips for 18 to 35-year-old travellers.

Why choose us

As the leader in small group travel for 30 years, we know how to do it right: flexible itineraries, freedom to roam, safety, peace of mind, and locally based guides.

Change the world just by having the time of your life. When you travel with us, you become a force for good by acting responsibly and creating positive impact.

Together with our non-profit partner, Planeterra, we ensure local communities touched by our tours benefit from our visits in as many ways possible.

Trees for Days

Leave your destination even greener than you found it! For every day on tour, we’ll plant a tree in your honour and ensure that our forests get to live their best lives.

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Looking to have the time of your life in the next 90 days or so? You can save big if you’re ready to book now.

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New ways to save pop up all the time. Here’s where you’ll find every hot deal in one easy place.

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Got the urge to get away? We’ve got you covered. Check out the tours below, then get booking today!

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Why travel with G Adventures?

We’re the leader in small group adventure travel for more than 30 years. How’d we get here? By redefining the way travellers see the world. Check out how we’re creating the future of travel.

Small groups

Small groups

Join a small group of like-minded travellers that, like you, are eager to safely and confidently experience all the things that make our world worth exploring.

Guaranteed departures

100% guaranteed departures

Pack those bags and don't break a sweat because we guarantee every single one of our departures. As long as it's safe, you're going!

Locally based guides

Locally based guides

At G Adventures, we don’t have tour guides — we have Chief Experience Officers. And they are all locally based, meaning they know the area you’re exploring like the back of their well-travelled hand.

Built to support local communities

Built to support local communities

We have always created our tours by building meaningful relationships with local communities, directly benefiting the people and places we visit.

Flexibility, freedom, fun

Flexibility, freedom, fun

No matter the Travel Style, our tours balance well-planned itineraries with the flexibility to do your own thing and make the experience your own.

G for Good

When you travel with us, you experience first-hand our commitment to making travel a force for good is in everything we do.

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Adventure Tours & Travel Packages 2024/2025

1,546 adventure trips. compare tour itineraries from 710 tour companies. 4,600 reviews. 4.8/5 avg rating., popular adventure tours.

Mexico Unplugged

Mexico Unplugged

  • Visit the community of San Pedro Tlahuac, home to Nahuatl descendants who practice traditions like chinampa farming, fiestas and ancient ceremonies.
  • Wander the stalls, snap some photos and pick up traditional handicrafts at the markets in Mexico City and Puebla.
  • Escape the Mexican heat in the highlands of San Cristobal de las Casas and explore surrounding villages where traditional customs and roots are thriving.
  • Explore the stunning Mayan temples of Palenque dating back to AD600 and stroll through Chichen Itza, one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
  • Finish off your epic journey and recharge with a little beach time in the beachside hub of Playa del Carmen.

Italy: Valleys of the Dolomites

Italy: Valleys of the Dolomites

  • Marvel at the scenic alpine vistas that surround you as you cycle easy bike paths
  • Gain a rare glimpse into the ancient Ladin culture, and feast on mountain specialties
  • Thrill to a 1,900-foot (580-meter) descent along the Val Venosta Bike Path
  • Enter into the dual Austrian-Italian culture of South Tyrol, as you explore the little city of San Candido
  • Explore the beautiful cathedral, cloister, and palace of Bressanone on a guided walking tour

Highlights of Kenya

Highlights of Kenya

  • Get close to the rare rhinos and chimpanzees in Ol Pejeta Conservancy
  • Enjoy Bird Watching inside Lake Nakuru National Park
  • Game drive in Maasai Mara to encounter the Big Five

New Zealand – North Island Multisport

New Zealand – North Island Multisport

  • Cycle through the stunning karangahake gorge
  • Check out bubbling mud pools in a geothermal area
  • Learn about traditional maori artistry
  • Hike the tongariro crossing — one of the world's greatest one-day hikes
  • Kayak along the whanganui river

Morocco Uncovered

Morocco Uncovered

  • Travel by camel across the dramatic red dunes of the Sahara Desert and spend the night camping under North African stars.
  • Spend time in two of Morocco’s most picturesque towns – the 11th century kasbah of Ait Benhaddou and Chefchaouen with its striking blue and whitewashed houses, red-tiled roofs and artistic doorways.
  • Tuck into a memorable dinner in Fes and dine on one of the city’s signature dishes, the salty and sweet pastilla, one of the best pies you’ve ever tasted!
  • Join expert local guides to explore medinas, Roman ruins and rural areas and gain a deeper understanding of significant sites in Rabat, Volubilis, Fes, M’Goun and Marrakech.
  • Take part in the traditional Berber activity of henna tattooing, where a naquasha will adorn your hands and feet with beautiful designs, supporting local women, their families and community with an income.

Spain: Balearic Islands, Mallorca & Ses Salines

Spain: Balearic Islands, Mallorca & Ses Salines

  • Savor delicious Mediterranean cuisine, including paella, all flavored with unique Majorcan touches and accompanied with delicious local wines.
  • Complement your cycling days with stays in luxurious boutique hotels, each a unique property with its own character and history that embody the region.
  • Ride in a cyclist’s paradise of diverse landscapes: turquoise Mediterranean waters, dramatic Tramuntana mountains, coastal wetlands, emerald farmland and vineyards, rice fields, and more.
  • Stroll small coastal villages with deep farming traditions, each graced with beautiful honey-stoned buildings and a breathtaking setting of mountains and valleys.
  • Meet the owner of one of Mallorca’s oldest fincas and learn how his family has been producing olive oil for 17 generations using the only traditional press on the island.

Discovering the East in 9 days - Iguassu Falls & Ibera Wetlands

Discovering the East in 9 days - Iguassu Falls & Ibera Wetlands

  • Observe the incredible landscapes and the vast typical fauna and flora of the region
  • Discover the Iberá Wetlands, an important place in Argentina for its animal diversity
  • Complete nature trip

Sri Lanka: Culture, Wildlife and Beach Holiday

Sri Lanka: Culture, Wildlife and Beach Holiday

  • See a breathtaking view after climbing to the top of the iconic Lion Rock
  • Admire the paintings and statues in the Dambulla Cave Temple
  • Visit the beautiful Royal Botanical Garden of Peradeniya
  • Enjoy a scenic train tour to Nuwara Eliya
  • Trekking in the Horton Plains National Park

All Adventure , expedition cruises, self guided adventures and vacation packages. Find the best guided and expert planned vacation and holiday packages. Read more about Adventure

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Small Group Adventure Tours

Small Group Adventure Tours

Southern Africa Overland: Cape Town, Falls & Kruger

  • Cruise the okavango delta in a traditional canoe
  • Meet the san people
  • Marvel at fish river canyon
  • Spot the "big five" in kruger national parks
  • Discover the less-visited zimbabwe

Premium Middle East

Premium Middle East

  • A day at the incredible Pyramids of Giza is only the beginning. Discover the Valley of the Kings, Petra, Wadi Rum, Jerusalem’s historical religious sites and experience the unique sensation of floating in the Dead Sea.
  • Experience the best of each country with Feature Stay accommodation – three unforgettable evenings on a Nile riverboat, isolated elegance at a luxury camp in Wadi Rum and old school charm in Haifa in a historic hotel.
  • Embrace local life as you travel with passionate local leaders, make a meal at a refugee camp, spend an evening with a Bedouin community, learn about Nubian life on an island in the Nile and dine with locals. .
  • Lift the lid on local cuisine during Exclusive Experiences, including a hummus tasting and falafel lunch in Jerusalem, a zarb dinner at a Bedouin camp, a meal in a family’s home in Cairo and sunset drinks on board a traditional felucca.
  • The unearthing of Tutankhamun’s tomb is one of the world’s greatest discovery’s – at the Valley of the Kings you’ll have the chance to enter three tombs of your choice, followed by a visit to the resting place of the famous young Pharaoh.

Premium Egypt & Jordan

Premium Egypt & Jordan

  • A day at the incredible Pyramids of Giza is only the beginning. Discover the Valley of the Kings, Petra and Wadi Rum, and experience the unique sensation of floating in the Dead Sea.
  • With two Feature Stays, experience the best of each country with three unforgettable evenings on a Nile riverboat and a night in isolated elegance at a luxury camp in Wadi Rum.
  • Lift the lid on Middle Eastern cuisine during Exclusive Experiences, including a meal in the home of a local family in Cairo, a visit to the city’s oldest coffeeshop, and dinner at a Bedouin camp cooked in a traditional zarb.
  • Cruise down the Nile on a traditional felucca boat during a fantastic Exclusive Experience. Enjoy drinks on board and watch daily life play out around you as the sun goes down.
  • Gain an unmatched understanding of the region while travelling with experienced local leaders and spending time with the locals. Discover the Nubian way of life with a family on the Nile and immerse yourself in Bedouin culture during an exciting evening at their camp.

10 Days Tanzania safari & Zanzibar Beach

10 Days Tanzania safari & Zanzibar Beach

13 Days Andes and Coast

13 Days Andes and Coast

  • Immerse in the Vibrant Culture at Otavalo Market: A Colorful Fusion of Crafts and Tradition
  • Experience Serenity at Cuicocha Lagoon: Nature's Tranquil Oasis in the Andean Highlands
  • Marvel at the Majestic Cotopaxi National Park: Nature's Splendor Unleashed
  • Enjoy panoramic views of the turquoise lake surrounded by high Andean peaks.
  • Visit iconic waterfalls like Pailón del Diablo and Manto de la Novia, surrounded by lush rainforest.

Best Adventure Tours by Duration

Tours, Cruises & Private Trips

Best Adventure Tours by Price

Top Adventure Attractions & Experiences

Top Adventure Experiences

  • Enjoying intense winter sports in Finland
  • Taking a long  zip-line in Costa Rica  through forests eye level with monkeys and tropical birds
  • Touring the incredible diverse landscapes of Iceland
  • Hiking historic trails to Machu Picchu
  • Trekking to Everest Base Camp in Nepal
  • Enjoying the thrill of a white water rafting trip on the Colorado River
  • Exploring the amazing Alpine Mountains in France and Switzerland
  • Jumping off a bridge in New Zealand attached to a bungee cord!

Adventure Tours & Travel Guide

Adventure Attractions & Landmarks Guide

High adventure gets your adrenaline pumping and may or may not involve some element of risk, though on a good guided tour safety is always the top priority. On a high adventure trip, you may find yourself rafting Class V rapids in Nepal, scaling a mountain peak in British Columbia, steering a dogsled across the Arctic tundra, riding a hot air balloon over Egypt's Valley of the Kings, crossing a glacier in Switzerland, camping in the Moroccan desert, watching whales close-up on a Zodiac in Alaska, or bungee jumping at Victoria Falls. Whatever gets your heart racing, you can find a tour to take you there.

New Zealand and Beyond

Queenstown New Zealand , the self proclaimed “adventure capital of the world,” has every right to the title. With the birthplace of commercial bungee jumping just outside of town at the AJ Hackett Bridge, jet boating, paragliding, and multiple other activities, there’s no other place quite like it for adrenaline junkies!

But that doesn’t mean it’s the only destination for high adventure. South Africa for example lays claim to the longest zipline in the world, and Slovenia is a mecca for spelunkers, with over 8,000 caves available to explore with a guide. Guided adventure travel is a great option, especially for avoiding crowds and getting the best experience possible.

Camaraderie and Achievement

If there’s two things that come out of just about every high adventure tour, it’s the sense of achievement one feels from facing fears and the camaraderie of fellow adventure enthusiasts. 

One of the best parts of high adventure is there’s always room to “level up” meaning there is a starting point for everyone. Mountain climbing for example starts on small manageable hills but once you gain confidence you can challenge yourself to tougher and tougher outings.

The Changing Definition of Adventure

If you don’t think “adventure” trips are for you, think again. While the term does bring to mind daring feats pushing the limits of what’s possible, in reality most adventure tours and activities are very safe and cater to multiple levels of experience. Obviously there is some risk involved...this isn’t lounging on the beach! But if you’re on the fence, know that the experience is well worth it.

Adventure Reviews & Ratings

I love our tour leader edith and.

I love our tour leader Edith and the support we got from her was excellent!

A great variety of experiences (learning about

A great variety of experiences (learning about culture, but also being in nature and doing some more physically challenging activities). Great tour leader and great ...

I felt we covered a lot in

I felt we covered a lot in a short time and there was a flexible app...

Great country, people, food and quality of

Great country, people, food and quality of the trip & leader

I thoroughly enjoyed my Intrepid tour and

I thoroughly enjoyed my Intrepid tour and all the optional activities on offer. It's great to travel with the comforts of having transport and accommodation already ...

See all Adventure reviews

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Traveling to adventure, an faq.

1. Does Travelstride have all the tour operators?

2. How does the Member Savings program save me money?

3. Can I trust the tour operator and trip reviews on Travelstride?

4. What does ‘Stride Preferred’ mean?

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Best Adventure Travel Companies

Post Template

This is our roundup of the best adventure travel companies. This article is for those of us who love to travel, but don't have the time or energy to spend on figuring out complicated logistics. 

There are hundreds of adventure travel companies operating all over the world, from Andorra to Zimbabwe, that cater to a wide range of different travel styles and preferences. Booking a trip through an adventure travel company can save hours of frustration and help you have a fantastic experience.

We’ve taken a systematic approach to ranking these tour operators, taking into account everything from popularity, to online reviews, sustainability commitments, and the company’s breadth of trip offerings, so you can be confident that you’ve found the operator that’s right for you.

Let’s get to it!

Want to book your next adventure with a local guide?

These are all individual travel operators, but if you want to book direct with a local guide, check out the trips on Skyhook. 

Best Adventure Travel Companies In the World

#1. g adventures (9.8/10), best small group adventure travel operator.

g adventures

G Adventures is one of the world’s largest and best adventure travel companies, with over 700 different trip offerings around the globe. Although they take over 200,000 travellers out on adventures each year, they’re actually best known as a small group travel operator with a high focus on sustainability and authenticity.

Instead of shuttling travellers from tourist attraction to tourist attraction, G Adventures takes small groups of guests off the beaten path and give them the chance to have quality interactions with local people.

G Adventures eschews fancy hotels and western-style meals for more local options. Their tours are best suited for the traveller that’s interested in stepping outside their comfort zone for a more authentic travel experience.

#2. Audley Travel (9.2/10)

Best tailor-made adventure travel company for luxury.

audley travel

Audley Travel believes that the best way to see the world is to explore it in your own way. That's why they specialise in creating travel experiences that are tailored to the individual needs and desires of any given traveller.

Instead of selling you a pre-packaged experience, anyone travelling with Audley Travel starts their journey with a conversation with a specialist, who will figure out what your budget is, where you'd like to go, and how you want to travel, so you end up with an experience that's perfect for you.

This top-of-the-line service means that guests adventuring with Audley Travel can expect luxury accommodation and itineraries crafted just for them. Of course, this type of service doesn’t come cheap, but if you’re looking for custom luxury travel, Audley Travel might be for you.

#3. Exodus Travel (9.2/10)

Runner-up: best adventure travel company for small groups.

exodus travel

Exodus Travel offers an amazing range of different travel experiences that focus on active adventure and education about a country's culture and environment. Each of their 500 different trips builds in a variety of outdoor activities, whether that be hiking and biking or winter sports.

Exodus takes guests to more than 90 countries on all seven continents, so they've got something for everyone. Plus, they've made a commitment to travelling responsibly, with respect to both the environment and other cultures, when bringing guests to some of the world's most fascinating places.

#4. Intrepid Travel (9/10)

intrepid travel

Intrepid Travel was founded nearly three decades ago by two Australian friends who set off for a journey around Africa. They gave up traditional Western comforts for an authentic travel experience like no other. It is this ethos that started Intrepid lives within the company to this day. Intrepid takes over 100,000s of travellers on over 800 different trips on every continent in the world.

These days, Intrepid specialises in small group travel to some of the world's most remote places. As their name suggests, they focus on out-there adventures that are off the beaten path, yet committed to sustainability.

They run trips to suit a wide range of different travellers and travel styles, but everyone travelling with Intrepid should be ready for an adventure like no other!

#5. National Geographic Expeditions (9/10)

Best operator for expert guides.

nat geo expeditions

The name ‘National Geographic’ is synonymous with amazing photography and ground-breaking scientific research. Nat Geo brings the same quality found in their magazines to their adventure travel trips .

Each Nat Geo trip is designed for people of a specific interest group, whether that be food, culture, wildlife, or active adventure. There’s a Nat Geo tour for pretty much everyone.

What sets Nat Geo apart from other tour operators is their commitment to hiring only true experts to run their trips. So, when you book on an African safari, you’ll be accompanied by an actual researcher that’s dedicated their life to studying the very animals you’ll see.

#6. Urban Adventures (8.8/10)

Best city adventures.

urban adventures

Sometimes, the best adventures happen in the heart of a city. Although the idea of “adventure travel” usually conjures up imagines of high mountain peaks or vast desert landscapes, Urban Adventures firmly believes that there’s a lot to explore and learn from inside some of the world’s greatest cities.

Urban Adventures has a trip for everyone, whether you’re a foodie or an active traveller. They’ve got shopping tours, beer tours, and multi-city tours, so it’s not difficult to find a trip that piques your interest.

Urban Adventures will create a custom itinerary just for you. You can be sure that you’re getting the city adventure you’ve always dreamed of.

#7. World Expeditions (8.8/10)

Runner-up: best small group adventure operator.

world expeditions

World Expeditions wants to take you to some of the world’s most amazing places via the path less travelled. They’re committed to providing high-quality travel experiences that focus on responsible tourism and supporting local communities. World Expeditions brings travellers to every continent but leaves behind the touristy areas for some seldom seen places.

They focus on cultural immersion and active adventures, but they cater their trips to travellers of all different ages and different activity levels so you can find a trip that's right for you. Plus, if you have a dream trip in mind, they'll even help you craft an entirely custom made itinerary and make it happen.

#8. TrailFinders (8.2/10)

Best adventure travel agency.

trail finders

Trailfinders offers a variety of different tours that have garnered them a worldwide reputation. While they have a selection of pre-packaged trips, where Trailfinders really shines is in creating tailor-made travel itineraries because they know there’s nothing better than a bespoke travel adventure.

Trailfinders is known for its fantastic customer service, from actual travel experts who have actually been to the places they sell tours. You can be confident that you're getting an itinerary that's right for your needs. They offer everything from a weekend getaway to months-long holidays and everything in between.

#9. International Expeditions (8.2/10)

Best eco-travel operator.

international expeditions

If eco-friendly small group travel sounds like your kind of adventure, then look no further than International Expeditions . The company is committed to sustainable tourism and conservation efforts both in their offices and on their trips.

International Expeditions create award-winning travel experiences to over 20 different countries. They focus on facilitating authentic interactions with local people and cultures.

On an International Expeditions trip, you’ll be accompanied by an expert naturalist and expedition leader who are local to the area you’re travelling to. This means that with International Expeditions, you’ll get information and service that you could never find in a guidebook.

#10. Kuoni (8/10)

Runner-up: best luxury & tailor-made travel company.

kuoni

Kuoni is one of the best adventure travel companies for luxury custom travel that's designed specifically to meet your needs. Whether you're looking for a guided small-group tour or a carefully designed experience, Kuoni is there to make your dreams a reality.

Where Kuoni really shines is in its customer service. For travellers from the United Kingdom, you can visit their offices and have a chat with one of their destination experts. If you're someone who wants to plan a trip and a pre-packaged tour won't cut it, Kuoni's adventures just might be for you.

#11. Flash Pack (8/10)

Best adventure travel company for 30-40-somethings.

Inca-Trail-Packing-List-Machu-Picchu

Are you between the ages of 30 and 49? Do you frequently travel alone but wish you had adventure companions like you? If you answered yes to both of those questions, then Flashpack is the best adventure travel company for you.

Other tour operators place people on a trip together simply because they wanted to go to the same place at the same time. Flashpack specialises in connecting travellers in their 30s and 40s with other like-minded adventure enthusiasts. You can explore the world in style without having to go about it alone.

#12. Wild Frontiers Adventure Travel (8/10)

Runner-up: best operator for expert guides.

Trekking in Morocco Essaouira Blue Boats

Wild Frontiers was founded by renowned travel writer Jonny Bealby with a mission to bring travellers to amazing places and introduce them to the fantastic people and cultures that make these locations so special.

The company specialises in small-group travel. Itineraries are organised by regional experts that have been to the places you’ll journey to.

Wild Frontiers offers a wide variety of different tours to some truly remote places, but they’re also happy to tailor-make an itinerary, just for you. On a Wild Frontiers trip, you’ll stay active and experience some of the world’s most remote places like a local.

#13. Trek America (7.8/10)

Runner-up: best small group adventure travel operator.

best-hikes-in-america

North America is home to some incredibly diverse landscapes, from the deserts and canyons of the Southwestern United States to the jagged, snow-covered peaks of the Canadian Rockies. There's so much to see and do in the USA and Canada and one of the best ways to experience it all is on a Trek America tour.

Trek America offers road trips in the USA and Canada for young international travellers who want to see the big cities, stunning national parks, and everything in between on their next North American holiday.

Tours vary from just three days to three months. Trek America has something for every active young traveller looking for an adventure holiday in North America.

#14. KE Adventure Travel (7.8/10)

Masherbrum-Base-Camp-Karakorom

KE Adventure Travel started out as the premier adventure tour operator in the remote Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan. Since then, they’ve expanded their range of offerings to include trips to popular destinations such as the Himalaya , Mount Kilimanjaro , and the European Alps . Hike, bike, climb, and adventure to your heart’s content.

KE Adventures specialises in organising active travel holidays to nearly 90 countries. On a KE Adventures tour, you'll head off the popular trails toward hidden valleys and isolated villages and immerse yourself in the culture of the local people for an authentic travel experience.

#15. Classic Journeys (7.8/10)

austrian alps

Although they may be called “classic,” Classic Journeys ' tours are anything but standard. Classic Journeys is dedicated toward making sure that every traveller on their trip has the experience of a lifetime.

Most Classic Journeys' trips go to popular locations, like France , New Zealand , and the Galapagos . However, they give you a chance to see these places in a different way.

Classic Journeys’ itineraries give you a unique perspective on some of the world’s most popular travel destinations. Classic Journeys' high-end trip offerings include options for families and solo travellers, too, so there’s really something for everyone.

#16. Austin Adventures (7.8/10)

Giant's-Cup-Trail-Drakensberg

Family-owned and operated, Austin Adventures is a pioneer in small group active holiday adventures around the world. Austin Adventures prides itself on hiring only the highest-quality tour guides and all of their trip itineraries have been fine-tuned. 

The best part about Austin Adventures? Their trips are priced at an all-inclusive rate. You don’t have to worry about shelling out more money after you arrive at your destination. Trips come with a departure guarantee, so you don’t ever have to worry about last-minute cancellations due to low enrollment.

#17. Abercrombie & Kent (7.6/10)

Trekking in Morocco Sahara Desert Camel Ride Caravan

Abercrombie and Kent have been guiding guests on luxury adventure tours for over 50 years, so it’s no surprise that they’ve made it onto our list of the best adventure tour operators.

Abercrombie and Kent will take you quite literally anywhere you want to go in the world. You can choose from one of their pre-set luxury small group tours or ask about a custom itinerary and tour, just for you.

The defining feature of any Abercrombie and Kent tour is luxury. When you book a trip, you can rest assured that you'll be staying at the best hotels and travelling in the most comfortable way possible.

#18. Butterfield & Robinson (7.6/10)

Mountain Bike

Butterfield and Robinson  offer prescheduled journeys in dozens of countries on nearly every continent.

Their trips focus on hiking, biking, and other outdoor pursuits during the day, but ensure that you still get to enjoy the comforts you expect from a luxury travel company. Butterfield and Robinson  offer a bespoke travel service, so they can design a luxurious active holiday that’s just right for you.

#19. UTracks (7.6/10)

Best active european adventure travel company.

Gjeravica-Mountain-Dinaric-Alps-MountainIQ

Photo by Sam & Jo

UTracks ' tours are all about exploring Europe in your own way. Dedicated to leading the industry as an active European holiday tour operator, UTracks offers over 400 different small group tours  in nearly 50 countries.

Plus, they have a range of self-guided tour options, so you can skip the hassle of planning logistics and just worry about having an amazing time on your trip. All of UTracks’ trips focus on either walking, cycling, boating, or winter sports, so they’ve got a little bit of something to please everyone.

#20. Natural Habitat Adventures (7.4/10)

Runner-up: best eco-travel operator.

nanga parbat

Natural Habitat Adventures specialises in nature travel, bringing visitors to some of the world’s most remote places, so you can see first-hand the beauty of the natural world. Natural Habitats even partners with the World Wildlife Fund to design sustainability and conservation-focused tours for their guests.

Natural Habitats itineraries are wholly unique, and their expedition leaders are some of the most experienced guides out there. Plus, their trips have very small group sizes, with an average of just nine guests per tour, so you can spend more time enjoying nature and less time avoiding tourist crowds.

#21. Explore! (7.2/10)

Inca-Trail

Explore! has been guiding visitors around the world for nearly 40 years. In that time, they’ve grown from offering just six tours to their current selection of over 600 tours.

Offers range from your classic group excursions to active family adventures. They offer trips in over 130 countries, each of which gives you the chance to learn more about the unique culture and environment in the region you choose to visit.

On every Explore! tour, you'll be guided by locals, who can provide you with information and service that you just can't get from a travel blog or guidebook. Explore! has been fine-tuning their itineraries for nearly four decades, so they have the skills and expertise necessary to create some fantastic active holidays.

#22. Peregrine Adventures (7.2/10)

Child Carrier for Hiking

Peregrine Adventures is the premium small group adventure travel section of the better known Intrepid Travel Company. Like Intrepid, Peregrine is dedicated to offering travellers an off-the-beaten-path experience, so you can get an authentic feel for a place during your holiday.

Where Peregrine stands apart, however, is that their maximum tour size is just 12 people. This means you'll get a much more personalised experience. Peregrine hires experienced local guides, hand-picks their accommodation, and travels in smaller, private vehicles.

#23. Tucan Travel (7.2/10)

Best latin american adventure travel company.

flashpack

With over three decades of experience under their belt, Tucan Travel is no newcomer to the adventure travel game. Tucan Travel offers first-time travellers and seasoned globetrotters a choice of over 200 different tours in 70 countries. We rate them as the best adventure travel company for Latin America.

Tucan Travel also caters specifically to solo travellers, who make up over half of their total clientele. Tucan Travel is committed to offering affordable active holidays that are focused on sustainable and responsible travel.

#24. Kandoo Adventures (7.2/10)

Best hiking adventure travel company.

kandoo

If you like to hike, Kandoo might be the adventure tour operator for you. Kandoo pitches themselves as a world expert in adventure trekking, and with trekking tours to places such as Aconcagua, Bhutan, Kilimanjaro, Machu Picchu, and Nepal, there’s no doubting that they know what they’re talking about.

Kandoo's trips are specifically designed to bring small groups of hikers to some of the world's most remote and famous high-altitude trekking destinations. They're perfect for the adventure traveller with a bucket list.

The team at Kandoo is also committed to responsible travel. When you book with them, you can be confident that your local guides and support team are all adequately compensated and respected.

#25. Adventure Alternative (7/10)

Runner up: best hiking adventure travel company.

Santa-Cruz-Peru-Best-Hikest-in-South-America

Photo by AJCHO

Adventure Alternative was founded almost thirty years ago by Gavin Bate, a mountaineer and International Mountain Leader with decades of personal climbing, trekking, and international travelling experience under his belt.

These days, they focus on providing the highest quality adventure travel experience to their guests. Whether that be on a trip to the jungle, the desert, or the Arctic.

All of the Adventure Alternative’s trips have a focus on hiking, so they’re best for anyone looking to stay active and off the beaten path on their holiday. They’re also more than happy to help you plan a private expedition whatever your personal trekking challenge.

#26. REI Adventures (6.8)

Inflatable Kayak

Photo by NW Boating

REI Adventures is the adventure travel subsidiary of Recreational Equipment, Inc., one of the largest and most popular outdoor gear stores in the United States.

REI’s mission is to get people outdoors. They’ve dedicated themselves to providing over 150 different trips to every continent to help their guests have the experience of a lifetime.

REI trips are active adventure expeditions that bring guests to some of the remote places in the world. They’re led by top-notch guides, many of whom are local to the places you’ll be travelling in. The emphasis at REI Adventures is on environmentalism and authentic experiences.  You won’t find any cookie cutter trips with this company.

Ranking Methodology

Criteria & scoring.

To rank the adventure travel companies on our list we used 5 main criteria, as follows: 

We researched the web traffic statistics as measured by SimilarWeb.com and social media audiences as measured by followers on Facebook and Instagram, and subscribers on Youtube. We created a popularity score for 1. Web Traffic and 2. Social Media presence on a scale of 1-3. Total available points: 6. Weighting: 5%

Review Profile

We analysed the public review profiles of each of the travel companies focusing on the major independent 3rd party review platforms like Trustpilot, Tourradar, Stride, Tripadvisor, Feefo and Facebook. We divided our review score into two parts: 1. Size of Review Profile, and 2. Overall Quality of Reviews. Each part was scored on a scale of 1-3. Total available points: 6. Weighting: 80%

Responsible Travel Practices

We reviewed each travel operator's website and read their statements about responsible travel / ethics / sustainability. We then scored each operator on a scale of 1-3. Total available points: 3. Weighting: 5%

Awards and Accreditations

We explored each travel operator's website to uncover evidence of accreditations like ABTA, ATOL, ATTA and AITO (among others), and official awards / recognitions from the travel industry. We then scored each operator on a scale of 1-3. Total available points: 3. Weighting: 5%

Breadth of Offering

We analysed the breadth and scale of each operator's tour offerings, focusing on the number of tours offered, countries covered and number of activities. We then scored each operator on a scale of 1-3. Total available points: 3. Weighting: 5%

We recognise that smaller travel companies would struggle to compete on some of the criteria above.

For example, a small tour operator would most likely have significantly less web traffic and a smaller social presence than a big travel operator. Equally, they would likely have a smaller scale and breadth of offering.

To provide a level playing field, we therefore weighted our overall score heavily towards 3rd party reviews - a criteria that all operators can fairly compete on.

The total review score counts 80% towards the overall score, with the rest of the criteria accounting for 20%.

Table of Adventure Travel Company Data

Below is the raw data we captured for each adventure travel company during our analysis. Please note, metrics like traffic, social media followers and reviews are dynamic and change overtime. The data below is a snapshot of these metrics as of April / May 2019.

We will revise these numbers annually. 

One-of-a-kind-raking-of-adventure-travel-companies

About the author 

Mark Whitman

Mark has trekked extensively in Asia, Europe, South America and Africa. He founded Mountain IQ in 2014 with the sole aim to be the best online information portal to some of the most popular mountain destinations around the world. When not writing for Mountain IQ, Mark is out exploring the outdoors with his wife!

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great article.. thanks for the information…

Hello Mark,

Do you have any experience with a travel company called 10Adventures? We are planning a hiking trip through Tuscany and I cannot find any reviews.

Hi Marianne, I’m not familiar with this company, but you may want to look at the Italy trips on our platform, Skyhook: https://skyhookadventure.com/go/italy

We work with local guides to offer great value adventures at unbeatable prices.

19 Best Travel Websites for Adventure Tours

Websites to book adventure tours

If you are here, it probably means that you are not sure where to book your next adventure tours . Well we’ve got your back, and a selection of websites to help you out with your research.

This list includes some of the top online travel agencies for adventure tours as well as smaller players offering unique experiences .

Websites to Book Adventure Tours Worldwide

We hope our selection will make your search for adventure tours easier.

For an even more convenient way to find adventure tours, check out our search engine:

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We wish you an excellent adventure and loads of fun!! 🙂

Tourism Teacher

What is adventure tourism and why is it so big?

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Adventure tourism is big, it’s exciting, it’s fun…. but what actually is it? In this article I will teach you all about this exciting type of tourism, what the history behind adventure tourism is, what the different types of adventure tourism are and what amazing examples of this type of tourism there are around the world. Ready to learn more? Read on…

What is adventure tourism?

History of adventure tourism, hard adventure tourism, soft adventure tourism, hard adventure tourism activities , soft adventure tourism activities , adventure tourism in india, adventure tourism in iceland, adventure tourism in costa rica, adventure tourism in new zealand, benefits of adventure tourism, disadvantages of adventure tourism, adventure tourism: additional reading.

Adventure tourism is tourism that involves any kind of activity or adventure. It especially relates to those that involve risk, or requires extensive planning. The Adventure Travel Trade Association defines it as a tourist activity that includes physical activity, cultural exchange, or activities in nature .  Meanwhile, Sung et al describe it as: the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the interactions of adventure touristic activities with the natural environment away from the participant’s usual place of residence area and containing elements of risk in which the outcome is influenced by the participation, setting, and the organizer of the tourist’s experience . HH Sung is an academic who has researched this branch of tourism in great detail.

Ultimately, adventure tourism is all about ADVENTURE! It is a pretty broad term really and many would argue that it is subjective (what I deem to be adventure, you may not). Nonetheless, this is a big part of the tourism industry and whilst it is an example of niche tourism , the sector is growing fast! There are lots of types of activities and types of travel that come under the umbrella term of adventure tourism and I will outline these for you shortly.

What is adventure tourism

Of course, people have been travelling for centuries- the history of tourism is a long and fruitful one! Over the years travel evolved into tourism (travel for travel’s sake) and now we can see many different branches of tourism.

We can trace the roots of adventure tourism specifically back to perhaps as early as 569 AD when Alboin, king of the Lombards, climbed Matajur in the Alps . Adventure tourism is all about doing something with a bit of risk, and putting planning into it. We don’t know how much preparation Alboin put into this expedition or whether it was some sort of off the cuff climb – but it can still be seen as an early example of adventure tourism. Climbing mountains at this time was generally a practical or symbolic activity. It was usually done for economic, political, or religious reasons.

However, in the 1800s, adventurers pushed the limits more and more. It became a formal sport, and people did it for fun. Other adventurous activities such as caving, river-rafting, abseiling and gorge walking emerged as a fun way to pass the time. As people got more into them, these activities formed part of adventure tourism. Organisations such as Nat Geo and also The Explorers Club, as well as Boy Scouts and Girl Guides  to an extent, were established. These have always promoted and supported adventure tourism.

In recent years consumer desires have evolved and many people have/are moving away from the traditional sun, sea and sand package holiday model and instead seeking alternative experience. There are a wide range of types of tourism that people are embracing more and more nowadays, and one example is adventure tourism. There are more adventure tourism companies including travel agents and tour operators who specialise in this field than there have ever been before.

Types of adventure tourism

Adventure tourism can be split into two ‘types’. These are hard and soft. I will explore the differences below…

As the name suggests, hard adventure tourism refers to activities which are typically more high-risk. They require intense training, changes in diet, lots of practice, a guide and so on.

Soft adventure activities are the opposite – much less risky, and don’t require the long-term commitment that hard adventure tourism activities often would. They often are led by a guide, but you can do this sort of thing without. Generally these are much more popular, as they are easier activities and (as mentioned) have a much lower risk.

What is adventure tourism?

Adventure tourism activities

There are so many activities which come under the umbrella of adventure tourism. Whether you travel simply for the purpose of undertaking this adventure or decide to incorporate it into your trip, if you have done any of these then you are officially an adventure traveller! I’ll split them into hard and soft as above. Activities like skydiving are something you can do in most places, as long as the weather allows – skiing, however, requires specific conditions and plenty of hills.

What is adventure tourism

  • Mountaineering/mountain climbing
  • Ice Climbing
  • Rock climbing
  • Trekking/intense hiking
  • Free diving
  • Extreme biking
  • Birdwatching
  • SCUBA diving
  • Horse riding
  • Kayaking/rafting
  • Orienteering
  • Hiking (gentle)
  • Snorkelling
  • Snowboarding
  • Eco-tourism

Adventure tourism destinations

You can enjoy adventure tourism activities in pretty much any destination. There are some more than others, however, which are better set up for this branch of tourism.

What is adventure tourism

Adventure tourism is a big deal in India . This diverse and spectacular country has so much to offer – and one of the big draws here is hiking and trekking. There are plenty of incredible places to hike in India. Gentle hikes/treks are a form of soft adventure tourism, while some more intense treks and hikes can fall into the hard category. Uttarakhand is one of the best places to hike in India; the ‘Roopkund trek’ is a famous trek around Roopkund Lake, which is surrounded by hundreds of human skeletons! 

Other examples of adventure tourism in India include surfing in Kovalam, skiing in Auli and white water rafting in Rishikesh.

What is adventure tourism

Beautiful Iceland is one of the most popular places for visiting the Northern Lights. This in itself is a bit of an adventure, but there are all sorts of other things you can do which come under this branch of tourism. You can snorkel or scuba dive in Silfra Fissure, for example, or go inside a dormant volcano at Thrihnukagigur.

What is adventure tourism

It is impossible to be bored in a place like Costa Rica. The country has so much to offer, and is an example of somewhere that to most of us (no matter where you come from) is pretty exotic. Head deep into the jungle on your adventure to see some colourful wildlife; visit the Costa Rica volcanoes and cloud forests ; go rafting and hiking and ziplining and so much more. You can book 10-day trips that encompass all of these things, or you could stay somewhere peaceful and relax for the majority of your holiday, opting to book a one-day tour for some adventure.

What is adventure tourism

Said by some to be the home of adventure tourism, New Zealand is a must for anyone considering this type of trip. With so much space and such a sparse population , is it any wonder that this lovely little country is home to so much adventure? Admire the views from up high by skydiving in many different locations, or raft on the highest commercially rafted waterfall in the world in Rotorua! From caving to off-road driving to heli-skiing, there is so much choice in New Zealand.

There are many benefits when it comes to adventure tourism. One huge benefit is simply that it is so much fun. Trying something new, or doing something you already enjoy, is a brilliant way to spend your time while travelling. Gaining a new skill or honing the one you’ve been learning for ages – it’s such a sense of achievement. This is particularly true for activities that require physical hard work such as skiing, or training like mountain climbing.

Adventure tourism is growing fast, and with that comes job creation. This is a definite benefit of any type of tourism. Jobs are created for guides and instructors, for people who work in the booking department of tourism companies, for people working in hotels or restaurants in areas that people may not visit otherwise. All of this means the economy is growing and the industry is thriving, resulting in positive economic impacts of tourism . Local communities are supported by all forms of tourism. This is no exception!

Due to the rise in the popularity of ecotourism and the ongoing conversations around sustainability, adventure tourism companies are often dedicated to protecting the environment. Though it may seem like these activities could be harmful, they are often not. This is because companies ensure the activities they offer are respectful of the planet too. It also allows more people to fall in love with the outdoors.

There are some disadvantages to adventure tourism too. Nothing is black and white, of course, and points on both sides are incredibly nuanced. While these activities are a fun chance to try something new, they can be dangerous. Hard adventure tourism activities are considered high-risk. Many will require you to sign a disclaimer (like skydiving) and for some you need months if not years of training. Most insurance companies won’t cover you either. To climb Mount Everest, for example, you need a permit – with the fees on top, this will set you back around $20,000 before you even buy equipment. There are strict criteria you need to meet to be granted one, too.

And even though many adventure tourism companies are looking out for the planet, individuals often are not. There is no guarantee that visitors will always be respectful of the local environment. From standing on things they shouldn’t to the classing dropping litter, there are many negatives that we can see from an increased footfall.

There may also be cultural and social impacts. With more visitors, locals may see some sort of loss of their cultural heritage over time. This can be devastating. With more tourists in place, especially during peak season, peoples’ roles in society naturally change. The status quo is affected.

Now that you are well-informed about thew adventure tourism industry, you may want to learn more about these tourism industries too-

  • Rural tourism explained: What, where and why
  • What is glamping and how does it work?
  • What is ‘begpacking’ and why is it so bad?
  • What is sustainable tourism and why does it matter?
  • Volunteer tourism: Everything you need to know

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What is adventure tourism adventure travel examples, definition, importance, types and characteristics [tourist & backpacking trends].

What Is Adventure Tourism? Adventure Travel Examples, Definition, Importance, Types and Characteristics [Tourist & Backpacking Trends]

This article considers a definition of adventure tourism that includes physical activity,  the natural environment, and cultural immersion. Both hard and soft adventures can be important. The trends and numbers involved in this tourism area are discussed, including the growth in demand. Other types of often related niche tourism types are considered and defined, such as ecotourism, wildlife tourism, sustainable and responsible tourism.

Adventure tourism continues to grow in popularity

group of hikers with large backpacks in the mountain trail

Tourism is one of the most rapidly growing economic sectors in the world, and adventure tourism are one of its fastest-growing categories. As travelers seek new and different experiences, adventure tourism continues to grow in popularity (Wicker 2017) . Increasingly, countries in all stages of economic development are prioritizing adventure tourism for development and market growth, because they recognize its ecological,  cultural, and economic value. 

To date, no definition of adventure tourism exists in the United Nations World Tourism  Organisation (UNWTO) literature, but the Adventure Travel Trade Association (ATTA) defines adventure tourism as a trip that includes at least two of the following three elements:  physical activity, natural environment, and cultural immersion. While the definition of adventure tourism only requires two of these components, trips incorporating all three would give tourists the fullest adventure tourism experience. 

For example, the World Tourist Organisation  (2014) in its Global Report on Adventure Tourism suggests that a trip to Peru involving trekking  (physical activity) along the Machu Picchu trail  (natural environment) and genuine interaction with local residents and/or indigenous peoples  (cultural immersion) would be an excellent example. A similar example would be Nand Raj Jat in Uttarakhand (India) which incorporates all three elements, including a twenty-day trek along  Himalayan trails, interaction with local residents, and an opportunity to watch and take part in local religious practices. 

Between 2010 and 2014, the adventure tourism industry grew by 195% and the adventure segment of this is enjoying rapid growth, but globally it remains a relatively small player in the industry. The adventure tourism industry is also helping to raise awareness of sustainability, the need to support local communities, and promote social responsibility. These values help to secure the future of the sector. Adventure tourism practitioners and policymakers adhere to sustainable environmental practices because they know that without pristine natural environments and meaningful cultural experiences, their destination adventure tourism continues to grow in popularity (Wicker 2017). Increasingly, countries in all stages of economic development are prioritizing adventure tourism for development and market growth, because they recognize its ecological,  cultural, and economic value. 

To date, no definition of adventure tourism exists in the United Nations World Tourism  Organisation (UNWTO) literature, but the  Adventure Travel Trade Association (ATTA)  defines adventure tourism as a trip that includes at least two of the following three elements:  physical activity, natural environment, and cultural immersion. 

While the definition of adventure tourism only requires two of these components, trips incorporating all three would give tourists the fullest adventure tourism experience. For example, the World Tourist Organisation  (2014) in its Global Report on Adventure Tourism suggests that a trip to Peru involving trekking  (physical activity) along the Machu Picchu trail   (natural environment) and genuine interaction with local residents and/or indigenous peoples  (cultural immersion) would be an excellent example. A similar example would be Nand Raj  Jat in Uttarakhand (India) which incorporates all three elements, including a twenty-day trek along  Himalayan trails , an interaction with local residents, and an opportunity to watch and take part in local religious practices. 

Between 2010 and 2014, the adventure tourism industry grew by 195% and the adventure segment of this is enjoying rapid growth, but globally it remains a relatively small player in the industry. The adventure tourism industry is also helping to raise awareness of sustainability, the need to support local communities, and promote social responsibility. These values help to secure the future of the sector. Adventure tourism practitioners and policymakers adhere to sustainable environmental practices because they know that without pristine natural environments and meaningful cultural experiences, their destination would lose its competitiveness and tourists would go somewhere else. 

Global Figures for Tourism  and the Adventure Sector 

tourism travel and adventure statistics concept man standing in mountain

Tourism accounts for 30% of all services and one in eleven jobs in the global economy, and in 2010  the global value for the adventure market amounted to more than US$614 billion. By 2013,  this figure had tripled to more than US$1843 billion. The growth in turnover comes from an increase in the number of adventure tourists, as  42% of all tourists participate in one or more adventure activities in the course of their holiday,  and an overall increase in the amount of money spent per holiday. Currently, 69% of all adventure tourists come from Europe, North America, and  South America, but this will change in the future.  In 2014, 53% of all adventure travelers were women and 47% were men; they were generally well educated, with 37% of adventure travelers spending four years or more in tertiary education and more than 11% having a professional qualification. They were also financially well off, with an average income of approximately US$45,500. 

Consumer Trends

highway in horizon travel and backpacking tourism trends

When we split adventure travel into ‘hard’ and  ‘soft’ categories, a pattern emerges. Travelers in the soft category (for example, non-extreme activities, cruise tourism, cultural activities,  community involvement, and guided tours)  spent about US$825 per trip. In comparison, on a global level, non-adventure tourists spend about US$430 per person per holiday (excluding travel costs). This is about 40% less than the amount spent by adventure tourists, who also spend more money in local communities where the economic impact is more tangible.  More extreme adventure travelers only spend about US$338 per trip (excluding travel costs),  but spend significantly more money on gear and equipment that they require for their holiday. In mass tourism, approximately 80% of the revenue from a trip goes to airlines, hotels, and other international companies. In contrast, in adventure travel, 70–80% of the revenue goes to local communities; while 65.5% of total travel expenditure per adventure travel remains in the destinations or destination the traveler has visited. 

Adventure Tourism 

two adventurers backpackers in Antartica looking at Aurora Borealis colorful northern lights

When applied in a tourism context the term adventure tourism embraces all types of commercial outdoor tourism where there is a significant excitement element involved, but it is a  broad term.

Buckley (2006) lists at least forty activities involved in adventure tourism. It is a  term that is not easily defined, as different people have different perceptions of what might be considered an adventure. It involves adventurous travel where there is an exploration and physical exertion, and the travel has a perceived or real risk involved; the adventure tourists often step outside their comfort zone and experience a rush or flow (Buckley 2012). However, it has to cater for differences in clientele, as there will be different expectations, different physical abilities,  different likes, and dislikes, and different psychological make-ups involved. The experience is not about taking risks or pushing personal boundaries, and it is important for participants to know and respect their personal limits whilst they are in unfamiliar regions. 

Adventure tourism is closely related to nature-based tourism (Buckley et al. 2003) , and there is also an overlap with ecotourism. Adventure tourism is ‘nature tourism with a kick, nature tourism with a degree of risk-taking and physical endurance’ (Christ et al.  2003) . It focuses on doing, whilst the other categories mentioned often focus on seeing. There is a wide range of outdoor recreation activities packaged as commercial adventure tour products, ranging from hiking trips to expensive and equipment-intensive tours involving expedition cruise ships and helicopters. 

The activity can be part of independent travel, where the travelers provide an adventurous experience for themselves through the use of fixed-site facilities,  such as ski resorts, where there is a retail and accommodation component as part of the package. 

Buckley (2006) identifies four component types of adventure tourism:

  • independent travel, which involves at least some commercial transport and accommodation but includes some activity that the traveler treats as adventurous; 
  • fully packaged, guided commercial adventure tours, departing on defined dates from specified gateways; 
  • fixed-site adventure activities available to both tourists and the local population, but where tourists make up a significant percentage of the clientele, as in ski resorts;
  • and finally all the ancillary businesses and economic sectors linked to adventure tourism through recreational equipment, adventure branded clothing, and a significant proportion of the amenity-migrant property market (where people move to an area to live or purchase a second home, especially to take part in adventurous activities). 

Buckley (2010) suggests that on a  global scale the outdoor and adventure tourism subsectors of the tourism market make up around one-fifth of the global tourism market and travel sector, and one that as we have noted continues to expand. ATTA created a definition of adventure tourism and adventure tourist. Such a  tourist is one who includes at least two of the three following elements in his or her leisure travel: physical activity, engagement with nature,  and cultural interaction and learning. Through this definition, it is seen that most tourists can be considered adventurers. 

The challenge for tourism will therefore always be to stimulate economic and social development in a way that factors in nature, culture, and the environment. Adventure travel addresses all these challenges in a way that provides opportunities for local communities to develop, and it takes account of the tourists’ diverse understanding of what a responsible and sustainable adventure-based holiday involves. Hence adventure travel is a form of travel where visitors interact with the environment and nature, take part in physical activities, and are part of a cultural exchange that combines at least two of these elements. There could also be an extra element of self-exploration and connecting with self. 

It is possible therefore  to define adventure tourism as having some of the  following five elements:

  • some real or perceived risk related to physical activity, remoteness, or unfamiliar  location;
  • occurring in a natural environment that is relatively unexplored and with minimal or no  urban influences;
  • a physical activity that tests both mental and  physical endurance; 
  • cultural immersion;
  • minimalism that supports eco-, responsible and sustainable tourism and discourages mindless consumerism, although some of the luxury cruises that occur do not support this element. 

Adventure is not about how wild, high or extreme an activity is. It is primarily a mental attitude to travel that shapes the values that visitors bring with them on their holiday. In other words, adventure is a subjective concept that revolves around how individual travelers like to shape their own experiences. 

The key for adventure travel is that the holiday should be based on experiences, and that added value comes from really getting to know a destination through physical activity, cultural encounters, and experiencing the natural environment. Activities like these allow individual travelers to extend their own boundaries culturally, physically, and geographically, and these boundaries vary from person to person. 

Regardless of how tourism professionals organize or categorize adventure travel, the adventure will always be a subjective term for travelers, because it is related to individual experience. Adventure to one traveler may seem routine or mundane to another. Adventure tourists push their own cultural, physical, and geographic comfort limits, and those limits differ for each person. Rantala et al. (2018) suggest that the boundaries between adventurous activities and tourism are blurred, and they explore the diffuse use of concepts such as wilderness, nature guiding, and adventurous activities. 

Nevertheless,  adventure tourism has been widely studied, and the literature review of 2119 references in Rantala et al. (2018) indicates that the work was dispersed amongst many different subject disciplines and academic journals; their conclusion is that a reconceptualization of adventure tourism is required. Cheng et al. (2018) find a total of 114  publications on adventure tourism that revealed three broad areas of foci in adventure tourism research. 

These are adventure tourism experience; destination planning and adventure tourism operators. Studies examining non-Western tourists in their own geographical contexts and non-Western tourists in Western geographical contexts are under-represented. We hope to show in this article that there are important environmental impacts caused by adventure tourism that need to be managed, and that the education of participants and company operators is necessary for the sustainable use of the environments in which adventure tourism takes place. 

Table 1.1 Types of activity and categorization as hard or soft adventure

There are two main categories of adventure activities, hard and soft adventure, and vigorous debate often surrounds which activities belong in each category ( see Table 1.1 ). The easiest way to identify an adventure trip as a hard or soft adventure is by its primary activity. 

Both hard and soft adventures are highly lucrative segments of the adventure tourism sector. The cost of the permit to access the summit of  Mount Everest , a hard adventure activity, was estimated to be US$11,000 per person in 2015.  When all of the other factors are added in, such as training, gear, airfare, and tour guides, the average total cost is about US$48,000 per person.  Commercial adventure travel tour operators offering soft adventure activities charged an average of US$308 per day in 2012.

With an average trip length of 8.8 days, the average total cost of a  soft adventure trip was US$2710 per person, not including flights. In addition to hard or soft adventure activities, there are also different types of adventure tourists. For example, adventure enthusiasts, such as avid kayakers, cyclists, or birdwatchers, become progressively more skilled at a specific outdoor or athletic activity. These enthusiasts are described as passionate about a  certain sport or activity, tending to pursue the same activity trip after trip, and seeking new and exciting destinations in the process. 

Although enthusiasts’ spending is on a par with other types of adventure travelers, their more frequent international trips typically last an average of one extra day. They spend more money on equipment and gear because they value brands that fit their highly specialized needs, and they seek out locations that are difficult to access or are newly emerging but not yet popular. On the other hand, extreme adventurers, such as base jumpers, those who cross the Greenland Ice Cap , or runners of 100 km races, are not so many tourists as independent travelers and thrill-seekers.  Extreme adventurers spend less money because they have their own equipment, may not seek commercial support to practice the activity, seek out locations that are difficult to access, and often camp or provide their own transport. 

Extreme adventurers constitute a very small segment of the sector. Thus, although they can have public relations and marketing value for a  destination or company, they do not typically require attention from tourism development policymakers and land managers. 

Core characteristics of adventure  

We do not believe there is a single characteristic that effectively sums up the nature of adventure; what follows is an attempt to draw out the key qualities of adventure. The focus is on the nature of adventure at this stage, rather than adventure tourism. We will discuss the ways on which tourism and adventure have been partnered together in the following section. However, occasionally we will pre-empt our discussion of adventure tourism by highlighting instances where other writers have relied on one of these core characteristics in their attempts to define adventure tourism.  

The points below summarize the core characteristics or qualities of  adventure that form the basis of the following analysis:  

  • Uncertain outcomes  
  • Danger and risk  
  • Challenge  
  • Anticipated rewards  
  • Novelty  
  • Stimulation and excitement  
  • Escapism and separation  
  • Exploration and discovery  
  • Absorption and focus  
  • Contrasting emotions.  

Many of these qualities are interrelated and interdependent – for example,  novelty contributes to both the sense of challenge and the degree of stimulation. Any of these qualities taken alone do not make an adventure.  However, when they are all present, we believe an adventure is more or less guaranteed. 

Growth in Demand

In 2012, global tourism arrivals passed the 1 billion mark. As one of the fastest-growing segments, adventure tourism arrivals naturally increased as well. In 2010, the first global adventure tourism market sizing study was conducted by ATTA, George Washington University , and  Xola Consulting . It found that the global value of adventure tourism was US$89 billion. The study was repeated in 2013 and found that 42% of travelers departed on adventure trips, making the sector worth US$263 billion, an increase of  195% in two years. This remarkable growth was attributed to an increase in international departures, an increase in travelers going on adventure trips, and an increase in average spending. 

Overall, 69% of international departures originated in Europe, North America, or South  America; the same was true of adventure tourism. Between 2009 and 2010, South America’s hard adventure travel population grew from 1.4%  of all departures to 8%. The same time period saw a 5% increase in the soft adventure population. In fact, the UNWTO Tourism Highlights of  2014 notes that ‘with rising levels of disposable  income, many emerging economies have shown  fast growth over recent years, especially in markets in Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, the  Middle East and Africa.’ Additionally, the report notes that Chinese travelers are the top spenders while on vacation, and that developed economies will benefit from the favorable exchange rate for  Russian and Chinese travelers via inbound tourism. Widespread increases in projected arrivals from Russian, Chinese, and Latin American travelers will change the shape of tourism demographics in the years to come.

In the adventure tourism sector, the trend has been towards the removal of the middle man, tour operator, or travel agent, who has traditionally connected the consumer in the source market to the provider or ground handler in the destination market. As the traveler can access information and trusted consumer reviews online, he is now more likely to go straight to the provider. The  AdventurePulse: USA Adventure Traveller Profiles , a study of the US adventure travel market, indicates that 71% of US adventure travelers are making arrangements solely on their own. 

While emerging economies are slowly outpacing developed economies for departures and spending, the UNWTO predicts that by 2015,  arrivals in emerging economies will have exceeded those in advanced economies; and by  2030, 57% of arrivals will be in emerging economies. To accommodate this surge in demand,  supply is expected to increase. The makeup of the sector is predominantly small, owner-operated businesses. In fact, in 2013 the average size of  ATTA’s member companies was forty-four employees. 

Destinations around the world are focusing on an adventure as a key niche segment, because of its economic and sustainability benefits. They are working to provide professional education for adventure travel companies to support local people in participating in the tourism economy. 

Increasingly, destinations are recognizing that travelers are seeking more authentic products.  Around the world, destinations are gearing their advertising and branding to appeal to adventure travelers. For example, Norway capitalizes on its towering fjords and glaciers with the slogan  ‘ Powered by Nature ’; Greenland emphasizes its ruggedness with ‘ Greenland, Be a Pioneer ’; New  Zealand touts its culture, mountains, wildlife, and hiking with ‘ 100% Pure New Zealand ’; Nepal’s  Naturally Nepal logo includes a stylized high peak and a tagline “ Once is not enough ”;  Kyrgyzstan, surrounded by glaciers, emphasizes its mountainous assets in its adventure tourism marketing with the tagline “ Something New,  Something Different ”; and Slovenia beckons with hiking, mountains, and caves in its ‘ I Feel  Slovenia ’ campaign.

The trend is far-reaching. In 2011, 79% of tourism boards reported that the adventure tourism private sector had begun to emerge and/or grow in their destination. In 2010, Greenland shifted its marketing to focus exclusively on the adventure sector. Its messaging and imagery were designed to capture the imaginations of tourists who sought off-the-beaten-track adventures and authentic cultural interactions. Greenland’s marketing focused equally on cultural, and especially culinary,  activities through its ‘ Taste of Greenland ’ program, and emphasized adventure activities with the launch of a blog entitled ‘ 99% Backcountry ’. This portrayed a modern  Greenland, where girls in traditional costumes ride scooters, the message resonating with how locals saw themselves. 

UNWTO predicts that there will be 1.8 billion arrivals globally by 2030 and that the growth of international tourism arrivals in emerging economies will grow at double the pace of developed nations. Developed nations will see arrivals from emerging economies fuelling their growth; but as knowledge of adventure tourism options in these destinations is currently limited, there is a need to invest in building their markets—and this is currently happening. 

What is Ecotourism?

couple man women hiker mountain climber looking at mountain view and sea of clouds

Much of ecotourism is commercial outdoor recreation, and this has been discussed in much detail by Buckley (2004, 2006, 2010). 

Ecotourism is a form of tourism that involves visiting fragile,  pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas,  intended as a low-impact and often small-scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism.  It is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education. 

Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Since the  1980s, ecotourism has been considered a critical endeavor by environmentalists, so that future generations may experience destinations relatively untouched by human intervention.  

Generally, ecotourism involves interaction with biotic components of the natural environment. It focuses on socially responsible travel, personal growth, and environmental sustainability, and typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. It intends to offer tourists an insight into the impact of human beings on the environment and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats. Responsible ecotourism programs include those that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. 

Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism is the promotion of recycling,  energy efficiency, water conservation, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities. For these reasons, ecotourism often appeals to advocates of environmental and social responsibility. 

Ecotourism has three central principles: 

  • it is non-consumptive/non-extractive, 
  • it creates an ecological conscience and 
  • it holds ecocentric values and ethics in relation to nature. 

Lane  (2013) outlines the related types of niche tourism. He defines adventure tourism as physical outdoor activities such as snorkeling, diving, or skydiving, where operators may not necessarily be operating in a sustainable manner or providing education. 

Cultural tourism relates to the discovery of the cultural heritage of the destination,  such as learning from a local artist, and the focus is not on nature or wildlife. 

Green tourism applies to any tourism activity or facility operating in an environmentally friendly way, incorporating renewable energy use or composting. Lodges may be owned by a large corporation or lack a  focus on conservation and education. 

Nature tourism is where wildlife is viewed in its natural habitats, such as from jungle lodges in the Amazon or cruise-only ships in Antarctica. These trips may not have an educational component and are not necessarily environmentally sustainable or responsible. 

Responsible tourism is where the minimization of environmental degradation of the destination is a priority, but there may be no focus on the environment and no economic benefit to the host destination. 

Finally, sustainable tourism does not deplete resources and allows for smaller numbers of tourists to experience nature so as not to disturb natural patterns. There may not be a focus on the preservation of the natural habitat or any economic benefit to the host destination. 

However, the term ecotourism , like sustainable tourism, is considered by many to be an oxymoron. Like most forms of tourism, ecotourism generally depends on air transportation, and this long-distance travel has significant environmental impacts and contributes to global climate change (Simmons and Becken 2004).  Additionally, the overall effect of sustainable tourism is probably negative, as ecotourism philanthropic aspirations can mask commercial and immediate self-interest. Here we can see considerable overlap and misconceptions relating to the terms adventure tourism, ecotourism, nature-based tourism, and sustainable tourism. 

The differences between adventure tourism and mass tourism are clear, but the differences between adventure tourism and other types of tourism can be more nuanced. There follow definitions of other popular types of tourism that communities and other stakeholders on the value of protecting the integrity of nature and culture and investment (driving financial support for conservation from the travel sector and travelers). 

Responsible tourism is tourism that creates better places in which people can live and visit.  Responsible tourism can take place in any environment, and many cities have adopted responsible tourism policies. It can also be defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people (Christ et al. 2003). 

Community-based tourism is defined by the  Mountain Institute and Regional Community  Forestry Training Center as a visitor–host interaction that has meaningful participation for both,  and that generates economic and conservation benefits for local communities and environments. 

Volunteer tourism is the practice of individuals going on a working holiday, volunteering their labor for worthy causes. It includes work that is not paid and is sometimes also called  Voluntourism. 

SAVE tourism encompasses scientific, academic, volunteer, and educational tourism, as defined by the SAVE Travel Alliance. SAVE  tourism may include remunerated work. 

Another definition of ecotourism, from the  International Ecotourism Society, is purposeful travel to natural areas to understand the culture and natural history of the environment, taking care not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem,  while producing economic opportunities that communities and other stakeholders on the value of protecting the integrity of nature and culture and investment (driving financial support for conservation from the travel sector and travelers). 

Nature tourism is travel to unspoiled places to experience and enjoy nature (Christ et al.  2003). 

Wildlife tourism is based on encounters with non-domesticated (non-human) animals in either the animals’ natural environment or in captivity.  It includes activities historically classified as  ‘non-consumptive’ as well as those that involve killing or capturing animals (Higginbottom  2004). Swarbrooke et al. (2003) provide a  detailed chapter on this topic as one aspect of adventure tourism. 

There are also some obscure forms of adventure tourism, including disaster and ghetto tourism , spiritual tourism , and even ethno-tourism ,  where indigenous peoples are observed. The latter is controversial because it can bring indigenous peoples into contact with diseases to which they have no immunity, and there is always the possible degradation or destruction of a unique culture or language. 

It is important to note that none of these types of tourism, which can be included in a broad discussion of adventure tourism, is mutually exclusive, and definitions can be overlapping. These  ‘brands’ all have a specific or even niche market value because they resonate with a particular segment of consumers.

Adventure tourism used to be a relatively fringe or small niche of the overall tourism sector, but today it has become more mainstream as a US$263 billion global market. In 2014, tour operators noted that the top four trends in adventure tourism were the softening of adventure travel, customization of trip experiences, multi-generational groups, and cultural experiences. In other words, the trends indicate the broadening of adventure as a choice of travel by the larger market. 

This data came from more than 300 companies in sixty-nine countries. Governments acknowledge this trend as well. Before 2007,  52% of tourism boards surveyed (ninety-one in total) noted that they did not recognize adventure tourism as a stand-alone sector in their destination. That number sharply decreased to a mere  8% in 2011 out of the same group of tourism boards/ministries. 

Adventure summary – a process and a state of mind

Adventure signage direction along the highway in blue sky

Adventure, then, is where participants are voluntarily putting themselves in a  position where they believe they are taking a step into the unknown, where they will face challenges, and where they will discover or gain something valuable from the experience.  

This state of affairs is based on the individual’s perception of the situation and of themselves, and therefore ‘adventure’ is subjective and unique to each person. It is quite apparent that what is an adventure for one person – say a  solo sailing trip around the Mediterranean – may not be regarded as an adventure by another. Adventure is a personal construct, based more on individual mental and emotional perceptions than physical capacities. Like beauty, which is in the eye of the beholder, adventure is in the mind and heart of the participant.  

It is clear from this examination that adventure is not determined by specific activities, but by the state of mind and approach of the participant. This analysis supports Hopkins and Putnam’s (1993) assertion that ‘Adventure can be of the mind and spirit as much as a physical challenge’. Spending time living in a different religious community or attending a self-development course can be just as much an adventure as trekking up Kilimanjaro.  

Although specific activities don’t define adventure, it is apparent that adventure entails action. Adventure is not a passive experience; it’s engaging.  This engagement can be on a physical, intellectual, emotional, or spiritual level.  Cater (2000) comments that ‘adventure tourism is fundamentally about active recreation participation, and it demands new metaphors based more on “being,  doing, touching and seeing” rather than just seeing’. We propose that ‘feeling’  could be added to this list as well. The adventure involves effort and commitment,  and often mental and physical preparation or training is necessary.  

Most of the characteristics of adventure that have been discussed so far are interdependent or overlap with one or more of the others. They work together to create that state of affairs that leads someone to describe an experience as an adventure. Some of these core qualities relate to the main stages in the adventure process (see Figure 1.2); others describe the perceptions and feelings of the participant. These basic ‘ingredients’ of adventure can be combined in different proportions, giving a different flavor to the adventure experience.  

So, to draw some preliminary conclusions on how the concepts of adventure and tourism combine to give us adventure tourism, in our view adventure tourism involves travel and leisure activities that are bought into  (not simply financially, but as we are talking about tourism an exchange of money is often involved somewhere along the line!) in the hope that they will produce a rewarding adventure experience. Crucially, an adventure tourism  experience will:  

  • Be of a heightened nature – a stimulating context will induce a range of  emotions (of which excitement will be key), and separate it from everyday  life  
  • Entail intellectual, physical, or emotional risks and challenges – these will  be absorbing  
  • Be intrinsically rewarding, providing opportunities for enjoyment, learning and self-development.  

All of this discussion brings us to the question of how adventure manifests itself in a tourism context. If the core ingredients of adventure are applied to tourism activities, then a very broad range of activities that can take place in a wide range of settings results. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that any tourism experience that a participant thinks is an adventure, is an adventure! This, we suggest, is valid. However, it is also unwieldy. In addition, the tourist’s point of view is only one-half of the equation. The supply side of the tourism industry should also be considered, and for adventure tourism to be a saleable commodity it has to be parcelled into something that is ‘suppliable’. So it seems that this idea of adventure tourism needs grounding in the practicalities of real life, and we need to divide it into manageable entities. We can begin this task by asking ourselves, ‘ How does  adventure manifest itself in terms of what people do and where they do it? ’  

The main aim of this article is to discuss how a  wide range of recreational adventure activities can have an impact on the environment and how the activities are associated with an important and growing branch of the tourist industry, adventure tourism. 

This article is aimed at the university undergraduate, postgraduate and academic market across a wide range of disciplines, including tourism, ecology, outdoor education, natural resource management, and geography. It is hoped that members of ATTA, which is a trade group that serves to network, professionalize, and promote the adventure tourism industry.

References 

  • ADTI. (2016). Adventure tourism development index:  An adventure travel scorecard . The 2016 report, 6th  Ed.
  • Buckley, R. (Ed.). (2004). Environmental impacts of ecotourism (389pp). Wallingford/Oxfordshire/ Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing. 
  • Buckley, R. (2006). Adventure tourism (528pp).  Wallingford/Oxfordshire/Cambridge, MA: CABI  Publishing. 
  • Buckley, R. (2010). Adventure tourism management (268pp).  Abingdon: Routledge/Taylor and Francis Group. Buckley, R. (2012). Rush as a key motivation in skilled adventure tourism: Resolving the risk recreation paradox. Tourism Management, 33, 961–970. 
  • Buckley, R., Pickering, C., & Weaver, D.  B. (Eds.).  (2003). Nature-based tourism, environment and land management (Ecotourism Series) (Vol. 1, 213pp).  Wallingford/Oxfordshire/Cambridge, MA: CABI  Publishing. 
  • Ceballos-Lascurain, H. (1996). Tourism, ecotourism, and protected areas. Switzerland/Cambridge: IUCN/ Gland. 
  • Cheng, M., Edwards, D., Darcy, S., & Redfern, K.  (2018). A tri-method approach to a review of adventure tourism literature: Bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and a quantitative systematic literature review. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research,  42, 997–1020. 
  • Christ, C., Hillel, O., Matus, S., & Sweeting, J. (2003).  Tourism and biodiversity – Mapping tourism’s global footprint (54pp). Washington, DC: Conservation International. Available at  
  • Hammitt, W.  E., Cole, D.  N., & Monz, C.  A. (2015).  Wildland recreation, ecology, and management (3rd  ed., 313pp). Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. 
  • Higginbottom, K. (Ed.). (2004). Wildlife tourism: Impact,  management and planning. Altona: Common Ground  Publishing. 
  • Huddart, D., & Stott, T. (2019). Outdoor recreation: Environmental impacts and management. London:  Palgrave Macmillan. 
  • Kuenzin, C., & McNeeley, J. (2008). Nature-based tourism. In O.  Renn & K.  Walker (Eds.), Global risk governance: Concept and practice using the IRGC  framework (pp. 155–178). Dordrecht: Springer. 
  • Lane, I. (2013). Ecotourism blog. Retrieved from  Greenloons. http://greenloons.com/ecotourism-blog/introduction-to-ecotourism/a-new-beginningfiftyshades-of-green-travel.html 
  • Morgan, D. (2016). Adventure tourism . In J.  Jafari &  H.  Xiao (Eds.), Encyclopedia of tourism. Cham:  Springer.
  • Rantala, O., Rokenes, A., & Valkonen, J. (2018). Is adventure tourism a coherent concept? A review of research approaches on adventure tourism. Annals of Leisure,  21, 539–552. 
  • Samuelsen, R. (2017). Adventure tourism. https://projeckter.aau.dk/projeckter/files/261862661/Adventuretourism-31.07.17.pdf 
  • Simmons, D. G., & Becken, S. (2004). The cost of getting there: Impacts of travel to ecotourism destinations. In  R. Buckley (Ed.), Environmental impacts of ecotourism (pp. 15–23). Wallingford/Oxfordshire/Cambridge,  MA: CABI Publishing, chapter 2. 
  • Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S., & Pomfret, G.  (2003). Adventure tourism. The new frontier (354pp).  Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. 
  • Wicker, J. (2017). What is adventure tourism ?  World Tourism Organization. (2014). AM reports volume nine-global report on adventure tourism (88pp).  Madrid: UNWTO. 

  

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Moscow Metro Tour - With Reviews & Ratings

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Moscow Metro Tour

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  • Mobile Voucher Accepted
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  • Duration: 1 Hr 30 Mins
  • Language: English
  • Departure Time : 3:00 PM
  • Departure Details : Sapozhkovskaya Ploshchad', Manezhnaya Ulitsa, 13/1, Moskva, Russia, 125009
  • Return Details : Returns to original departure point
  • Cancellation Policy : For a full refund, cancel at least 24 hours in advance of the start date of the experience. Tours booked using discount coupon codes will be non refundable.

See the best examples of underground Soviet-era architecture on a 1.5-hour walking tour of Moscows metro stations! With an expert guide at your side, visit five of Moscows must-see stations, including iconic Mayakovskaya , and learn all about Stalins visions for the former Soviet Union. Hear about the Metro-2, a secret line said to have been used by the government and Kgb , and see grandiose architecture, mosaics, sculptures and more!

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Meet your expert guide outside the Kremlin and head underground with your Moscow metro ticket to discover the citys underground treasures. See the most interesting stations with extravagant Soviet-era architecture and hear the history surrounding the metro stations from your expert guide. Widely praised as one of Stalins finest architectural achievements, Moscow 's subway was created to symbolize his rising regime and a recognized empire. Learn about his successors, who later toned down the ornateness of the subways architecture, and see how the different eras are reflected in the character of each station. If you're lucky, you may even find the secret entrance to the unconfirmed Metro-2, a parallel underground system used by the government -- a mystery which has neither been denied nor confirmed today. Visit Revolution Square Station ( Ploschad revolyutsii ) and admire the 72 magnificent bronze sculptures that depict the people of the former Soviet Union, set underneath marble arches designed by the legendary Russian architect Alexey Dushkin. Another Dushkin-created station is Novoslobodskaya , and youll head here next to admire its dazzling stained-glass panels. Discover Baroque dcor, vaulted ceilings and chandeliers at Komsomolskaya Station, and then marvel at the grandiose and pompous design of Kurskaya Station -- one of the first stations to be built. Its design reflects Stalins communist ideals and youll note its left-wing slogans on the walls, next to mosaics that symbolize the victory of his regime over poverty and starvation. Finally, pay a visit to Mayakovskaya , the station thats named after Russian poet Vladmir Mayakovsky, and see why its often considered the most beautiful and iconic Moscow Metro station. Gaze upward at some 30 fascinating mosaics that depict Stalins vision for a bright Soviet future, and then admire the features of typical pre-World War II architecture that the station embodies. Your tour ends here.

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Traveler Reviews

It was an amazing tour and an amazing metro, very much enjoyed it and the tour guide Ana was great !

Really excellent tour of the beautiful Moscow metro with an excellent guide who told us very interesting additional information as we went round.

Definitely do this if you’re in Moscow.

We were surprised at how interesting and beautiful the Moscow metro stations are. We had a great guide who spoke excellent English and explained lots of history associated with the stations.

Loved the tour of Moscow metro stations. The architecture inside the metro stations is gorgeous. Very informative tour guide. Definitely recommend this trip when you are in Moscow

Very informative and fun tour, Nick was a great guide, very knowledgeable and enthusiastic. Meeting point was easy to find.

Well, honestly I always wanted to visit Moscows metro.The whole experience was incredible, the knowledge of the guide was very good too.Maybe you cannot see the whole thing, but note there are more interesting stations than you can see In just some hours

Probably one of the best tours I have ever been on. Each train station was so unique and beautiful.

Very interesting tour with great guides

My guide Ana was amazing!! So nice and informative. She spoke perfect Spanish and English.

Interesting and fun walk!

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    Now, as the CMO of TourScanner, he's at the helm of a platform that echoes his passion for travel. Guillaume oversees the content, particularly the blog, offering readers firsthand insights and tales from his global escapades. Check out our list of 22 websites to book adventure tours online. Start saving time & money and enjoy a once in a ...

  16. What is adventure tourism and why is it so big?

    Ultimately, adventure tourism is all about ADVENTURE! It is a pretty broad term really and many would argue that it is subjective (what I deem to be adventure, you may not). Nonetheless, this is a big part of the tourism industry and whilst it is an example of niche tourism, the sector is growing fast! There are lots of types of activities and ...

  17. 54 Examples of Adventure

    Adventure is arguably a human need or at least some individuals view it as a source of self-fulfillment. As such, it is common for recreation, sports and travel to be designed to create adventure. Likewise, everyday activities such as exploring an unfamiliar city or landscape can be considered adventure. The following are common examples of ...

  18. What Is Adventure Tourism? Adventure Travel Examples, Definition

    In mass tourism, approximately 80% of the revenue from a trip goes to airlines, hotels, and other international companies. In contrast, in adventure travel, 70-80% of the revenue goes to local communities; while 65.5% of total travel expenditure per adventure travel remains in the destinations or destination the traveler has visited.

  19. Moscow Metro Tour: Triphobo

    Overview. See the best examples of underground Soviet-era architecture on a 1.5-hour walking tour of Moscows metro stations! With an expert guide at your side, visit five of Moscows must-see stations, including iconic Mayakovskaya, and learn all about Stalins visions for the former Soviet Union.Hear about the Metro-2, a secret line said to have been used by the government and Kgb, and see ...

  20. Private Moscow Metro Tour: explore the underground palaces

    Moscow is home to some extravagant metro stations and this 1.5-hour private tour explores the best of them. Sometimes considered to be underground "palaces" these grandiose stations feature marble columns, beautiful designs, and fancy chandeliers. Visit a handful of stations including the UNESCO-listed Mayakovskaya designed in the Stalinist architecture. Learn about the history of the ...

  21. Moscow Metro Daily Tour: Small Group

    Moscow has some of the most well-decorated metro stations in the world but visitors don't always know which are the best to see. This guided tour takes you to the city's most opulent stations, decorated in styles ranging from neoclassicism to art deco and featuring chandeliers and frescoes, and also provides a history of (and guidance on how to use) the Moscow metro system.

  22. Moscow Metro Daily Tour: Small Group

    Moscow has some of the most well-decorated metro stations in the world but visitors don't always know which are the best to see. This guided tour takes you to the city's most opulent stations, decorated in styles ranging from neoclassicism to art deco and featuring chandeliers and frescoes, and also provides a history of (and guidance on how to use) the Moscow metro system.